語法專題 專題二高三

1、專題二動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語語法專題 動(dòng)詞的辨析 動(dòng)詞短語的考查要點(diǎn) 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 語法與寫作 語法填空1動(dòng)詞的辨析動(dòng)詞的辨析動(dòng)詞包括連系動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞包括連系動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，無論是單項(xiàng)填空還與非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，無論是單項(xiàng)填空還是完形填空等題型中，動(dòng)詞辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年是完形填空等題型中，動(dòng)詞辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趨勢(shì)。動(dòng)詞辨析主要指增加的趨勢(shì)。動(dòng)詞辨析主要指：1.詞形相近的動(dòng)詞之間的辨析。如：詞形相近的動(dòng)詞之間的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat等等。2.意

2、義相近的動(dòng)詞之間的辨析。如：意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。等。3.動(dòng)詞與其他詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨析。如：動(dòng)詞與其他詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past 等等。4.意義不同但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨析。如：意義不同但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨析。如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find等。等。5.某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨析。如：某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，w

3、ant，see，hear等。等。6.某些常用動(dòng)詞短語的辨析。如：某些常用動(dòng)詞短語的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up等等。選詞選詞填空填空A. 1.William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to .2.If you dont like the drink you just leave it and try a different one. 題組訓(xùn)練1remind，negotiate，fail，limit，

4、orderfailordered3.Mary，I John of his promise to help you.4.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also our thinking.5.The government refuses to with terrorists.remindedlimitnegotiateB.6.Clinical evidence began to ，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range

5、 of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7.Are you still mad at her?Not really，but I cant that her remarks hurt me.open，accumulate，reserve，earn，denyaccumulatedeny8.Id prefer to my judgment until I find all the evidence.9.You are old enough to your own living.10.I a b

6、ank account after I made1,000 by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation.reserveearnopened2動(dòng)詞短語的考查要點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞短語的考查要點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞短語是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。需動(dòng)詞短語是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：掌握以下要點(diǎn)：1.根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。(1)動(dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞副詞(不及物不及物)Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2)動(dòng)詞副詞

7、動(dòng)詞副詞(及物及物)Please turn every light in the house off.注意：如果賓語較長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開。如果賓語較長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開。She turned off all the lights which had been left on.如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。She gave them away.(3)動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞介詞(及物及物)You should learn to care about others.注意：當(dāng)它跟賓語時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語后面當(dāng)它跟賓語時(shí)，不能把介詞放在

8、賓語后面。(4)動(dòng)詞副詞介詞動(dòng)詞副詞介詞I look forward to seeing you soon.注意：“動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞介詞”、“動(dòng)詞名詞副詞動(dòng)詞名詞副詞”、“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞副詞介詞副詞介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after. (不能漏掉不能漏掉after)2.熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。同一副詞搭

9、配在意義上的差異。(1)同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異。同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異。hear from收到收到的來信的來信 hear of聽說聽說look after照料照料look at看看 look for尋找尋找(2)同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異。同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異。ring back回電話回電話ring off掛斷電話掛斷電話 ring up打電話打電話 put away放好，收起放好，收起put on穿上；上演穿上；上演 put up掛起；掛起；舉起舉起(3)不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異。不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異。look

10、 for尋找尋找ask for請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求wait for等候等候send for派人去派人去叫叫(4)不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異。不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差異。break out發(fā)生；爆發(fā)發(fā)生；爆發(fā)carry out進(jìn)行；開展進(jìn)行；開展 go out熄滅熄滅 hand out分發(fā)分發(fā) let out放出放出 look out當(dāng)心當(dāng)心 sell out賣完賣完 set out出發(fā)出發(fā) take out取出取出 work out算出算出break down壞了壞了 come down落下來落下來 get down下車下車 take down取下取下 write down寫寫下下選詞

11、填空選詞填空A.1.I can the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.2.We aim to the cost of daily life.3.They are broadening the bridge to the flow of traffic.4.You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect. 題組訓(xùn)練2speed up，work out，put up with，bring downput up withbring downspeed u

12、pwork outB.5.You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal again.6.If you faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night.8.Born into a family with three brothers，David was _

13、 to value the sense of sharing.care about，bring up，turn down，put upturned downcare aboutputting upbrought upC.9.To get a better grade，you should the notes again before the test.10.I often the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.11.She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was

14、shopping at the department store.12.Some insects the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.take on，go over，come across，look upgo overlook upcame acrosstake on3易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)1.lay(放放)，lie(躺躺)與與lie(說謊說謊)，這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見下表：，這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見下表：原形原形過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞lay放，擱；下蛋，產(chǎn)卵放，擱；下蛋，產(chǎn)卵laidlaidlie躺；位于躺；位于layla

15、inlie說謊說謊liedlied2.rise和和raise：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式是是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式是rose，過去分，過去分詞是詞是risen，而，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。3.hang的用法：的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為有兩個(gè)意思：一為“懸掛懸掛”，是不規(guī)則，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過去式、過去分詞都是動(dòng)詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為；二為“絞刑絞刑”，是規(guī)，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是則動(dòng)詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。4.sit與與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)作“容納容納”講，講，sit只是表示一只是表示一

16、個(gè)動(dòng)作；個(gè)動(dòng)作；seat表示表示“就座就座”時(shí)要用時(shí)要用be seated 或用或用seat oneself。如：如：They were seated at their desks.或或I seated myself in the armchair.5.win與與beat：win作作“勝、贏勝、贏”講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，等，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含義。如：但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含義。如：I have won him.即即“我已說服他了，我贏得了他的好感。我已

17、說服他了，我贏得了他的好感?！倍鴅eat是及是及物動(dòng)詞，意為物動(dòng)詞，意為“擊敗、勝過擊敗、勝過”，直接接人、隊(duì)。，直接接人、隊(duì)。6.lost，gone與與missing：作補(bǔ)足語時(shí)意為：作補(bǔ)足語時(shí)意為“丟失、不見了丟失、不見了”，可以用可以用lost，gone，但要用，但要用miss時(shí)則不能用時(shí)則不能用missed，而要用，而要用missing。4語法與寫作語法與寫作根據(jù)提示翻譯下面的句子根據(jù)提示翻譯下面的句子1.必須指出我愿意在這個(gè)假期里去旅游。必須指出我愿意在這個(gè)假期里去旅游。(point out)(2013山東山東寫作寫作)_It must be pointed out that I

18、would love to go travelling during this holiday.2.踢足球和看電視占據(jù)了我很多的業(yè)余時(shí)間。踢足球和看電視占據(jù)了我很多的業(yè)余時(shí)間。(take up)(2013四川四川書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá))_3.我必須使自己適應(yīng)美國的生活方式，幫助他們了解中國文我必須使自己適應(yīng)美國的生活方式，幫助他們了解中國文化的最優(yōu)秀部分?；淖顑?yōu)秀部分。(adapt to)(2013浙江浙江書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá))_Playing football and watching TV take up much of my sparetime.I had to adapt myself to

19、their American lifestyle and helpthem understand the best part of Chinese culture.4.前面將會(huì)有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心我會(huì)挑起這個(gè)擔(dān)子。前面將會(huì)有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心我會(huì)挑起這個(gè)擔(dān)子。(take on)(2013天津天津書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá))_5.在中國，這些中國結(jié)在中國，這些中國結(jié)(Chinese knot)代表友誼、愛和好運(yùn)。代表友誼、愛和好運(yùn)。(stand for)(2013新課標(biāo)全國新課標(biāo)全國書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá))_There will be many challenges ahead，but I have con

20、fidencethat Ill take on the burden.In China，these Chinese knots stand for friendship，loveand good luck.5語法填空語法填空 There once was a goat and a donkey 1. lived on a farm.The donkey worked the hardest so the farmer fed it the most 2. .Sometimes the donkey was given more food 3._ it could eat.This made th