高考 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)

1、Modal Verb Modal Verb 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 不能單獨(dú)做謂語不能單獨(dú)做謂語。 2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱，時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化沒有人稱，時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，但有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如但有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can, may, will, dare也也 有一般式和過去式的變化。有一般式和過去式的變化。Mv Mv 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的個(gè)數(shù)（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的個(gè)數(shù)（1515）（4組）組） can / could, may / might, shall / should, will / would（4對(duì)）對(duì)） have to, had better, ought to, used

2、to （3個(gè)）個(gè)） must, need, dare考點(diǎn)一：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法（一）（一）can/could 1. 表能夠做某事（具備某種能力）；表能夠做某事（具備某種能力）；could主要主要 指過去能夠指過去能夠 Two eyes can see more than one. Could the girl read before she went to school? 2. 表許可；用于表許可；用于疑問句中表請(qǐng)求疑問句中表請(qǐng)求（could表示的表示的 語氣更加委婉）；用于語氣更加委婉）；用于否定句中表不允許否定句中表不允許。 Can I have a look at your new pe

3、n? You cant wear jeans at work. 3. 表表可能性或推斷可能性或推斷，多用于否定或疑問句中；，多用于否定或疑問句中； 若用于若用于肯定句中表常有的行為和情形肯定句中表常有的行為和情形，意為，意為“有有時(shí)會(huì)；時(shí)而可能時(shí)會(huì)；時(shí)而可能”That cant be Mary-shes in New York. (用于否定句中表某事肯定不真實(shí)。)He can be stubborn sometimes.It can be cold here in winter. 4. 表疑惑或驚訝等情緒；意為表疑惑或驚訝等情緒；意為“究竟能；難道會(huì)；究竟能；難道會(huì)；到底是到底是”What c

4、an they be doing? 他們究竟在干些什么？Where can she have put it? 她到底把它放哪了？（二）（二）must1. must 用于用于肯定句肯定句中表說話人的意志或義務(wù)；中表說話人的意志或義務(wù)；或堅(jiān)決要求某人做某事；或堅(jiān)決要求某人做某事；否定否定mustnt 表禁止表禁止 I must go to the bank and get some money. Cars mustnt park in front of the entrance.2. 在以在以must 開頭的疑問句中，肯定回答用開頭的疑問句中，肯定回答用must; 否定回答用否定回答用neednt

5、 或或dont have to Must we hand in our exercise books now? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 3. 表示可能性或肯定的推斷。意為表示可能性或肯定的推斷。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定” 等，只用于肯定句。等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale. Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 4. 表說話人生氣或不滿的情緒，意為表說話

6、人生氣或不滿的情緒，意為“偏要；非得偏要；非得”- Must you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?- Sorry, sir, but its urgent. 5. 用于短語用于短語 if you must (do sth) ，表雖然不贊同但可允，表雖然不贊同但可允 許，意為許，意為“如果你一定要的如果你一定要的的話的話”- Can I smoke here?- If you must.（三）（三）will/ would 1. 表意愿，用于各種人稱的陳述句表意愿，用于各種人稱的陳述句 I will do anything for you

7、. They wont lend us any more money. 2. 表請(qǐng)求允許，用于疑問句表請(qǐng)求允許，用于疑問句 Will you send this letter for me, please? Would you mind leaving me alone for a few minutes? 3. 表習(xí)慣表習(xí)慣 She will listen to music, alone in her room, for hours. He would spend hours on the telephone. 4. 主語為物時(shí)，多用于否定句中，意為主語為物時(shí)，多用于否定句中，意為“不起作用

8、不起作用” The door wont open.（四）（四）may/ might 1. 表允許，表允許，might可以指過去時(shí)間，也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，可以指過去時(shí)間，也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語氣更委婉。語氣更委婉。You may take whatever you like. May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 2. 表可能（事實(shí)上）。表可能（事實(shí)上）。might可以指過去時(shí)間，也可可以指過去時(shí)間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，但語氣更加不肯定。以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，但語氣更加不肯定。 He may be at home, but Im not sure. She may

9、/might not know about it. 3.may還可表祝愿還可表祝愿 May you succeed!（五）（五）shall 1. shall用于二、三人稱的陳述句，表用于二、三人稱的陳述句，表“命令、威脅、命令、威脅、警警 告、強(qiáng)制、允諾、決心告、強(qiáng)制、允諾、決心”等等 You shall do as I day. (命令) You shall have my answer tomorrow. (允諾) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. (決心) 2. shall用于一、三人稱的疑問句，表征詢意見或請(qǐng)求用于一、三

10、人稱的疑問句，表征詢意見或請(qǐng)求 允許允許,多與多與I或或we連用連用 What shall we do this weekend? 3. shall 常用于主語是第三人稱的條約、法律法規(guī)、規(guī)常用于主語是第三人稱的條約、法律法規(guī)、規(guī) 章制度等文件中表章制度等文件中表“義務(wù)義務(wù)”或或“規(guī)定規(guī)定” One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.（六）should1. 表義務(wù), 意為“應(yīng)該”（某件事宜做），用于各種人稱。 You should be polite to your teac

11、hers. You shouldnt waste any time. 2. 表推測(cè)，意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計(jì)”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. They should be home by now. 3（表示不確定）萬一。 If I should see him, Ill tell him. If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed.4. should 可以用來表示意外；常意為“竟然；居然”I f

12、ind it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.(七七) ought to 表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”（因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做），口氣比should稍重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him. You oughtnt to smoke so much. （八）used to had better have to1. used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在） He told us he used to play football when he was young. 疑問句

13、: Did you use to go there? / Used you to go there?否定句: I didnt use to go there. / I usednt to go there.反意疑問句或簡(jiǎn)略回答: She used to be very fat, didnt she? /usednt she? -Did you use to play chess? -Yes, I did.-Used you to get up early in the morning? -Yes, I did. / Yes, I used to.雙性動(dòng)詞雙性動(dòng)詞need, dare, dare

14、d 1. need 可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?？梢宰鲗?shí)義動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 eg: We need to finish the job before dark. You neednt hurry as theres plenty time left. 2. dare, dared可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?？梢宰鲗?shí)義動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 eg: He dared to travel abroad when he was young. How dare you let your little child go out alone?如何分辨是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？如何分辨是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞？ 有沒有加有沒

15、有加s；有沒有加助動(dòng)詞；有沒有加；有沒有加助動(dòng)詞；有沒有加to； 有沒有在句首；有沒有加有沒有在句首；有沒有加not； 考點(diǎn)二：表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)二：表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的肯定的推測(cè)對(duì)現(xiàn)在或客觀事實(shí)的肯定的推測(cè)Must ：肯定；準(zhǔn)是；想必是Should ：很可能；應(yīng)該。指按常理推測(cè)May/might ：也許；大概；表示把握不大的推測(cè)Can/ could ： 用于疑問句表懷疑- What are you doing this Saturday?- Im not sure, but I might/may go to the cinema.- Good morning. Ive

16、 got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.- Ah, good morning. You _ be Mrs. PetersA. might B. must C. would D. can 2.對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況或客觀事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況或客觀事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)cant ：不可能；推測(cè)的語氣相當(dāng)有把握couldnt ：也可表不可能；語氣較委婉may(might) not :可能不；也許不，表推測(cè)的語氣不是很有把握It cant be the postman at the door. Its only five oclo

17、ck.3. 對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)must have done : 過去一定做過某事cant have done/ couldnt have done: 過去不可能做某事can/could have done: 過去可能做過某事may/might(not) have done: 過去可能（沒）做過某事Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own. A. can B. must C. would D. need Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done 的其他用法should/ought to have done 表過去本該做卻沒有做 shouldnt/ ought not to have done 表過去本不該做卻做了could have done 表本可以/本可能做某事卻沒做 might have done 表本可能但實(shí)際沒有發(fā)生的事 neednt have done 表本來不