人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)

1、1、 基礎(chǔ)自測(cè):用本單元所學(xué)單詞或短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成短文。 Mike is a Chinese boy. He likes reading _1(science fiction)very much. When he reads it, he can't _2 (put it down)He has read it _3 (ever since)five years ago. He wants to be a writer when he _4(grow up)Last Friday night，he had a dream. In the dream he _5(go abroad)b

2、y plane.Unluckily, the plane stopped working during the trip. The captain said to all the passengers，“_6(hurry up), or you _7(lose one's life)” Mike flew into the sky with the power of a magic stick and landed safely. Then he found a big box. It was _8(full of)treasure，and the treasure _9(belong

3、 to)him then. He was so happy that he woke up，and felt very tired.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子1我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)早餐了。I_ already_ my breakfast.2他以前讀過(guò)那本書(shū)。He _ _ that book before.3我朋友還未離開(kāi)。My friend_ _ yet. 4我還沒(méi)有找到丟失的鑰匙。I_ _ the lost keys.5你決定要去哪里了嗎？_ you _ where to go?2、 知識(shí)梳理1、Have you read Little Women yet？ 你已經(jīng)讀過(guò)小婦人了嗎？（1）本句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

4、，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞have/ has 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”，表示相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。eg：I have watered the plants already. 我已經(jīng)給那些植物澆了水。（2）yet為副詞，意為“還；已經(jīng)”，多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，通常放在句末。not yet的意思是“尚未；還沒(méi)有”，它常用于否定回答。 eg：I haven't done it yet.我還沒(méi)有做它呢。Have you read the new book that you bought yesterday？ 你已經(jīng)讀了你昨天買的新書(shū)了嗎？Not yet.還沒(méi)有。2、put dow

5、n 放下（1）put down放下eg：Don't put up your hands. Please put them down. 你們不要舉手，請(qǐng)放下。（2）can't put sth. down意為“對(duì)某物愛(ài)不釋手”。eg：It is an interesting book and he can't put it down.它是一本有趣的書(shū)，他對(duì)它愛(ài)不釋手。（3）put down還意為“寫(xiě)下，記下”，等于write down。eg：Let me put down your telephone number.讓我記下你的電話號(hào)碼。注意：put. down 為“動(dòng)詞副

6、詞”型短語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)若為代詞，應(yīng)放在put 與 down 中間。拓展：put的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：put away 收起來(lái)put off 推遲put on 穿上 put up 張貼3、 hurry up趕快；急忙（做某事）eg： Hurry up， or you will be late.快點(diǎn)，否則你會(huì)遲到的。 難點(diǎn)：與hurry相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：(1) hurry off/away意為“匆匆離去”。eg：Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man. 趙老師匆匆趕去照看那個(gè)人。(2) hurry into意為“匆忙進(jìn)入”。eg：Her parents are tryin

7、g to hurry her into marriage.她的父母設(shè)法催她快點(diǎn)結(jié)婚。(3) hurry out意為“匆忙出去”。eg：The man hurried out of the car before reporters could speak to him.記者們還未來(lái)得及與他交談，這個(gè)男人就匆匆離開(kāi)了汽車。(4) in a hurry意為“匆忙地”。eg：（樂(lè)山中考）He left home in a hurry and forgot to turn off the light this morning.今天上午他匆忙離開(kāi)家，忘記關(guān)燈了。4、The book report is d

8、ue in two weeks.讀書(shū)報(bào)告兩周后必須交。（1）due此處作形容詞，“預(yù)期；預(yù)定；預(yù)計(jì)”，后面引出預(yù)期的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。eg：Her baby is due next month.她的寶寶預(yù)計(jì)在下個(gè)月出生。Our plane is due at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 12：30.我們的飛機(jī)預(yù)計(jì)于12：30降落在上海虹橋國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)。拓展：be due to do sth.意為“預(yù)期做某事”eg：The meeting is due to start at 3：30.會(huì)議預(yù)定3:30開(kāi)始。（2）in two weeks 意為“

9、兩周之后”?！癷n一段時(shí)間”表示“在以后”，常用在一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中。對(duì)此提問(wèn)用how soon。eg：He will be back in a week. 一周之后，他將回來(lái)。注意：“after一段時(shí)間”常用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中。eg：He got to Beijing after two hours. 他是兩個(gè)小時(shí)后抵達(dá)北京的。5、lose one's life喪生lose one's life相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞die。life意為“性命”，屬可數(shù)名詞，在數(shù)上要與one's一致。 eg：The Greens lost their lives in the car accid

10、ent. 格林一家人在那次車禍中喪生了。拓展：life泛指一般意義的“生活”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞。eg：Our life is getting better and better. 我們的生活變得越來(lái)越好。life表示某種方式的“生活”時(shí)，常用單數(shù)形式。eg：We are living a happy life. 我們過(guò)著幸福的生活。6、else /els/ adv. 另外的，其他的else為副詞，常用在who， whose， what等疑問(wèn)代詞及when， where等疑問(wèn)副詞之后；也放在以­one， ­body， ­thing， ­place， 

11、3;where結(jié)尾的復(fù)合不定代詞/副詞之后。eg：Would you like something else to drink？ 你還想喝點(diǎn)別的什么嗎？拓展：other為形容詞，意為“別的；其他的”，常放在名詞之前作定語(yǔ)。也可用作代詞，表示“其他的人或物”。eg： What's that in your other hand？ 你的另一只手里拿著什么？ Other people may not think that way. 別人可能不那樣想。7、One.the other. （兩者中的）一個(gè)另一個(gè)eg：I have two brothers. One is a doctor；the

12、other is a teacher.我有兩個(gè)哥哥。一個(gè)是醫(yī)生，另一個(gè)是教師。拓展：some.the others用于三者或三者以上，意為“一些其余的”eg：Boys are on the playground. Some are playing basketball，the others are playing football.男孩們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上。一些正在打籃球，其余的正在踢足球。8、towards prep.朝；向；對(duì)著辨析for， to與towardsfor常用在leave， start后，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向或目的地。They'll leave for Xi'an to tra

13、vel.他們要去西安旅游。to置于go， come， return， move等詞后，表示目的地。When will you come to our school？你將什么時(shí)候來(lái)我們學(xué)校？towards意為“朝；向”，只說(shuō)明運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，無(wú)“到達(dá)”之意。She was walking towards the town.她正往鎮(zhèn)上走去。例題：In a basketball match， players move _（朝，向） one end of the court while throwing the ball to each other.9、can't wait to do sth.迫不

14、及待地做某事eg：Bill couldn't wait to open his present. 比爾迫不及待地打開(kāi)他的禮物。拓展：(1) can't help doing sth.意為“情不自禁地做某事”。eg： He could not help laughing. 他忍不住笑了起來(lái)。(2) can't stand doing sth.意為“不能容忍做某事”。eg：I can't stand waiting for such a long time.我不能容忍等這么久。(3) can't stop doing sth. 意為“不能停止做某事”。eg：

15、The boy couldn't stop crying when he heard the bad news.當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息時(shí)，這個(gè)男孩不停地哭起來(lái)。10、make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事make 意為“使變得；促使；迫使”，是使役動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）make sb. do sth.意為“使某人做某事”。eg：The news made my father feel sad. 這個(gè)消息使我的爸爸感到傷心。（2）make 名詞/代詞形容詞，意為“使處于某種狀態(tài)”。eg：He always makes us happy. 他總是使我們快樂(lè)。（3）make 作動(dòng)詞，還可

16、意為“制訂；做”。eg：He can make a model plane. 他會(huì)做飛機(jī)模型。拓展：make的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：make money賺錢(qián)make the bed鋪床，整理床鋪make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤 make friends with與交朋友make a decision作出決定make sure確信make fun of取笑11、 come to逐漸；開(kāi)始come to相當(dāng)于begin/get to，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形，其后常跟的動(dòng)詞有：like， understand， realize， see， know等。eg：I came to like her.我逐漸喜歡上她了。 I

17、 came to understand his love. 我開(kāi)始理解他的愛(ài)。拓展：come to do意為“來(lái)做（從事）某事”。eg：Excuse me，would you like to come to help me with my English？打擾了，你愿意來(lái)幫助我學(xué)英語(yǔ)嗎？We hope you'll come to do business with us.我們希望你們來(lái)與我們做生意。12、ever since自從ever since相當(dāng)于since， ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，其后可接短語(yǔ)或句子。接句子時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 eg：I haven't

18、 heard from him ever since last year. 自去年以來(lái)我就未曾收到過(guò)他的信。拓展：ever since 可單獨(dú)使用，放于句末。eg：He fell ill at Christmas and has been ill ever since. 他在圣誕節(jié)生病了，此后就一直不適。13、辨析 such as與for examplesuch as列舉整體之中的部分同類人或事物作例。其后沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，直接加所列舉的內(nèi)容。for example列舉整體之中的一個(gè)為例，在句子中多用作插入語(yǔ)，用逗號(hào)與其前內(nèi)容隔開(kāi)，位置可以在句首、句中或句末。拓展：like也常用來(lái)

19、表示舉例，可與such as互換。但such as用于舉例可以分開(kāi)使用，此時(shí)不可與like互換。eg：Some warm­blooded animals，like/such as the cat，the dog and the wolf，do not need to hibernate.一些溫血?jiǎng)游?，像貓、狗和狼都不需要冬眠。He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks. 他有幾本像字典、手冊(cè)之類的參考書(shū)。Tom， for example， is my good friend. 例如，湯姆是我的好朋

20、友。I have some good friends，such as Tom，Kate and Wang Bin. 我有一些好朋友，例如湯姆、凱特和王斌。例題：I have lots of hobbies， playing table tennis， playing football and playing basketball.A. such asB. namely C. that is D. for example14、belong v.屬于；歸屬eg：I used to belong to a youth club.我曾是一個(gè)青年俱樂(lè)部的成員。 belong to意為“屬于，為所擁有”。

21、belong to不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。eg：The fantastic world surely belongsto young people and the future.這個(gè)神奇的世界肯定屬于年輕人和未來(lái)。注意：belong to中的to是介詞，后接名詞或人稱代詞的賓格形式，不能接名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。eg：The bike belongs to my mother. 這輛自行車屬于我媽媽。 This classroom belongs to us. 這間教室屬于我們。15、one another互相英語(yǔ)中表示“相互”的詞組有兩個(gè)，即one another和each

22、 other。二者都是“相互，互相”之意，通常作賓語(yǔ)，不能作主語(yǔ)，可通用。eg：They looked at each other/one another. 他們彼此對(duì)視。拓展：each other和one another都有其所有格，即可在其后加“'s”。eg：The students borrowed each other's notes. 學(xué)生們互借筆記。例題：They put the food intobags.A. each other B. each other's C. one other's D. one another 注意：one after

23、 another是一個(gè)常用短語(yǔ)，表示“一個(gè)接一個(gè)”。eg：They left the room one after another. 他們一個(gè)接一個(gè)地離開(kāi)了這個(gè)房間。16、have/has been to 去過(guò)“have/has been to某地”意為“去過(guò)某地（已經(jīng)回來(lái)）”，當(dāng)表地點(diǎn)的詞為副詞時(shí)，則省略to。eg：I have been to Beijing Zoo. 我去過(guò)北京動(dòng)物園。He hasn't been there before. 他以前沒(méi)去過(guò)那兒。拓展：“have/has gone to某地”意為“去某地了（尚未回來(lái)）”。eg：Where is Tom？ 湯姆在哪兒？

24、 He has gone to the library.他去圖書(shū)館了。17、famous adj.著名的；出名的famous（well known），常見(jiàn)的搭配：be famous as.作為出名Bruce Lee is famous as an actor.李小龍作為演員而出名。be famous for.因?yàn)槌雒鸏ang Lang is famous for playing the piano.郎朗因?yàn)閺椾撉俪雒?。be&#

25、160;famous in.在出名Liu Qian is famous in China now.劉謙現(xiàn)在在中國(guó)很出名。be famous to為 所熟知The programme is famous to many young people.許多年輕人都熟悉這檔節(jié)目。語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與already（已經(jīng)），

26、just（剛剛），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句主語(yǔ)have/has動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞其他.eg: I have already finished my homework.   我已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。否定句主語(yǔ)have/hasnot動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞其他.eg: I have not heard from him yet. 我還沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。一般疑問(wèn)句和簡(jiǎn)略回答Have/H

27、as主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞其他？Yes，主語(yǔ)have/has.No，主語(yǔ)have/has not.Eg: Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾去過(guò)北京嗎？       Yes，I have.是的，我去過(guò)。/No，I haven't.不，我沒(méi)去過(guò)。（2）already與yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法already adv.已經(jīng)；早已通常用于肯定句中，一般用于have/has后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，也有放在句尾

28、的情況。I have already had breakfast.我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)早飯了。yet adv.還；已經(jīng)用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，一般用在句末。I haven't done my homework yet.我還沒(méi)有做作業(yè)。例題：Has your sister finished reading ？Yes. She has finished it.A. yet； yetB. yet； alreadyC. already； yet（3）一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生

29、的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。eg: I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了這部電影。I have seen this film. 這部電影我已經(jīng)看過(guò)了。2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：yesterday， last week， three days ago， in 1990等）連用；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與表示明確的過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但可以與in the past.years/weeks， so far等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。eg：Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

30、昨晚湯姆給他父母寫(xiě)了一封信。The weather has been so hot so far this summer.到目前為止，今年夏天天氣一直很熱。3、 典例精析 Hurry up！ The movie will begin 10 minutes. A.over B. in C. for D. at【點(diǎn)撥】本題用語(yǔ)法判定法。句意：趕快！電影將會(huì)在10分鐘之后開(kāi)始?！癷n一段時(shí)間”表示“一段時(shí)間以后”。The meeting is on the 22nd.it in your diary.A. Cut；down B. Look；down C. Turn；down D. Put；down【

31、點(diǎn)撥】本題用短語(yǔ)辨析法。cut down砍倒；look down往下看；turn down調(diào)低；put down記下。If you do things ，usually you can't do them well. A. in a hurry B. from now on C. just now D.at once【點(diǎn)撥】 in a hurry匆忙，倉(cāng)促；from now on從現(xiàn)在起；just now剛剛；at once立刻，馬上，句意：如果你做事很匆忙，你通常是做不好的。My family has two dogs. One is white；is black. A.other

32、B. another C. the other D. others【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)上句“我家有兩只狗?！笨梢酝茰y(cè)下句應(yīng)為“一只狗是白色的，另一只狗是黑色的?！眔ne.the other.意為“（兩者中的）一個(gè)另一個(gè)”。C項(xiàng)符合結(jié)構(gòu)及句意。My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't to see them after several months away from home. A. wait B. Help C. expect D. afford【點(diǎn)撥】本題用固定短語(yǔ)法。wait等待；help幫助；expect期待；aff

33、ord提供。句意：我父母說(shuō)他們要來(lái)看我。離開(kāi)家?guī)讉€(gè)月了，我迫不及待地要見(jiàn)到他們。短語(yǔ)can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事。How time flies！ We should show love for our parents and make them how much they mean to us. A. to know B. knowing C. knew D. know【點(diǎn)撥】本題用固定短語(yǔ)法。句意：時(shí)間過(guò)得真快?。∥覀儜?yīng)該向我們的父母表達(dá)我們的愛(ài)，并且讓他們知道他們對(duì)我們是多么重要。make sb.do sth.使某人做某事。I met Lucy in p

34、rimary school and we have been close friends. A. as usual B. again and againC. sooner or later D. ever since【點(diǎn)撥】as usual 和往常一樣；again and again 一次又一次；sooner or later 遲早；ever since 自之后。句意：我在小學(xué)的時(shí)候遇見(jiàn)了露西，自從那之后我們一直是親密的朋友。The American warships （軍艦） have appeared near South China Sea Islands again.We must l

35、et the Americans know clearly that the islands China.A. come from B. belong to C. care about D. believe in【點(diǎn)撥】本題用短語(yǔ)辨析法。come from來(lái)自；belong to屬于；care about在乎；believe in相信。句意：美國(guó)軍艦再次出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)南海島嶼附近。我們必須讓美國(guó)人清楚地知道這些島嶼屬于中國(guó)。Monica, you the exam! Congratulation！ A. pass B. have passed C. will pass D. are passing

36、【點(diǎn)撥】本題用語(yǔ)境判斷法。由Congratulation！可知是已經(jīng)通過(guò)考試了，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。4、 課堂鞏固：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1What did you see Jim doing?I saw him _(swim) in the river.2_ you _ (visit)the art museum yet?3The match makes me _(feel) excited.4She_(practice)the piano ever since.5We decided_(plant)some trees on the hill near our town.5、

37、課后練習(xí)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用閱讀下面短文，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，必要時(shí)可加助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞One day, I took my daughter to the park.As soon as we got there, my daughter 1._ (run) to the swing (秋千)and asked for a push.When I was helping my daughter, I noticed another girl trying to make her own swing 2._ (go) high by herself.Her old grandmother was

38、 sitting on the chair nearby and smiling at us. Gradually, my daughter 3._ (push) higher and higher by me.Then I walked towards the little girl.I asked if I 4._ (give) a big push to her.She smiled and said “Yes”For the next hour, I pushed the swings, and played with my daughter and the little girl.W

39、hen we went home, I 5._ (be) tired but very happy.One day two years later, after a day's work, I went to pick up my daughter before going home.While I 6._ (wait) outside the school gate, a little girl smiled sweetly at me and gave me a big hug.As I watched her 7._ (run) away, I realized that she

40、 was the girl whom I gave a big push in the park.So far, I 8._ (not forget) her sweet smile and the warm hug that she gave me.In fact, if we give love to others, love 9._ (find) its way back to us.It may travel from heart to heart or it may blossom (開(kāi)花)in the heart.The love we share, the kindness we

41、 10._ (give), and the happiness we create will come back to us with a pleasant surprise.閱讀理解I think that a great friend is a great artist who can change my feeling about life greatly.When I talk about the person who influenced me most，I must think of my best friend quickly.When I was in my universit

42、y, one of my classmates sat beside me.His name is Wang Tao.He is my unforgettable friend in my life.He is good at study and handsome.Everyone knows that he is a genius (天才) of my university.He is kind­hearted and is always ready to help others.But he doesn't like others to praise him, becau

43、se he thinks what he did is common.There is an old saying: A friend in need is a friend indeed.Wang Tao sets a good example in many parts of my life.I remembered that my mathematics was mediocre at that time, but he was excellent in solving mathematics questions.He often received high scores.Of course, I wished I could reach his level.When we talked all day long, he