UOP規(guī)范5-14-8往復(fù)式壓縮機課件

1、1. GENERAL 概述1.1 Scope 范圍a.This Standard Specification covers the design of American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 618, reciprocating compressors in hydrogen and hydrocarbon services. 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范涉及美國石油學(xué)會（API）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)618，氫氣和碳氫化合物系列往復(fù)式壓縮機設(shè)計b.Exceptions or variations shown in the UOP Project Specifications ta

2、ke precedence over requirements shown herein. “UOP公司工程規(guī)范”中給出的例外情況或變更優(yōu)先于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的要求。1.2 References 參考文獻Unless noted below, use the edition and addenda of each referenced document current on the date of this Standard Specification. When a referenced document incorporates another document, use the edition

3、of that document required by the referenced document. 如果以下沒有另外說明，使用本“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范”發(fā)行日期內(nèi)有效的各參考文件版本和附錄。如果參考文件引用另一文件，則使用參考文件要求的引用文件版本。 a.American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 618, “Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services” b.American Society of Mechanical Engineers (AS

4、ME) B16.5, “Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, NPS ½ Through NPS 24” c.ASME B16.47, “Large Diameter Steel Flanges, NPS 26 Through NPS 60” d.ASME B46.1, “Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)” e.European Forum for Reciprocating Compressors (EFRC), “Guidelines for Vibrations in R

5、eciprocating Compressor Systems”, f.National, state, and local governmental regulations and laws. a.API618標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 石油化工和天然氣工業(yè)用往復(fù)式壓縮機b.美國機械工程師學(xué)會(ASME) B16.5，“管法蘭和法蘭管件，NPS1/2至NPS24公制/英制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。 c.ASME B16.47大直徑管鋼制法蘭(NPS 26NPS 60)d.ASME B46.1,表面特征(表面粗糙度、波紋度和花紋方向).e.歐洲的往復(fù)式壓縮機論壇(EFRC)，“往復(fù)式壓縮機系統(tǒng)振動指南”，

6、 f. 國家、州和地方政府法律和規(guī)定。 2.DESIGN 設(shè)計This standard is intended to be used as an addendum to API Standard 618. Numbering in this document coincides with actual paragraph numbers from API Standard 618 5th edition. 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用作API標(biāo)準(zhǔn)618的補充。本章節(jié)中所采用的編號與API618 5th 版的實際段落編號相同。Reciprocating compressors shall

7、 comply with the requirements of API Standard 618, except where modified by either the UOP Project Specification(s) or UOP Standard Specification(s). 壓縮機應(yīng)遵守API618的要求，“UOP公司工程規(guī)范”或“UOP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范”中加以修改的部分除外。5. Requirements 要求Paragraph 5.2, Addition/Clarification 增加/澄清Vendors offering shall be a size and desi

8、gn which has a successful record of proven field service at operating conditions similar to those specified (prototypes are not acceptable). An installation list shall be submitted upon request.供貨商報價中的規(guī)格和設(shè)計應(yīng)具有在規(guī)定操作條件下現(xiàn)場成功應(yīng)用的驗證記錄（不接受樣機）。如果有要求，應(yīng)提交業(yè)績表。 6. Basic Design 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計6.1 General 概要Paragraph 6.1.24

9、, Clarification澄清 The compressor shall be capable of continuous operation at all partial load steps. (0% load step is for short term startup only). 壓縮機應(yīng)能在部分加載過程中連續(xù)操作（0% 加載僅供短期啟動）Compressor vendor shall provide PLC, and PLC shall include control logic to ensure unloading of both partially and fully u

10、nloaded cylinders follows best practices established below: 壓縮機供應(yīng)商應(yīng)提供PLC，PLC應(yīng)該包括控制邏輯單元來確保氣缸部分或完全卸載時采用如下最佳方案表情況最佳方案部分卸載周期性，短暫的載入氣缸頭空載來阻止?jié)櫥头e聚對機器造成的損害完全卸載僅對多級氣缸并聯(lián)操作狀況下，加載卸載定期切換來阻止熱量或潤滑油積聚對機器的損害Manufacturer to state frequency and duration of required loading to achieve above objectives in proposal. 未達到

11、以上目標(biāo)，制造商需提出加載頻率和持續(xù)時間6.6 Rod and Gas Loads 活塞桿負荷和氣體負荷Paragraph 6.6.1, Addition/Clarification 增加/澄清Frame selection shall be based on the more conservative of the following criteria: 框架選擇應(yīng)基于以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中較為保守的部分：-Combined rod loading shall not exceed 80% of the manufacturers Maximum Allowable Continuous Combine

12、d Rod Loading (MACCRL) when calculated at specified line pressures of each stage. 當(dāng)計算在每個階段的管線壓力時，活塞桿負荷不超過制造商最大允許負荷(MACCRL)的80%。-Combined rod loading shall not exceed 95% of the manufacturers Maximum Allowable Continuous Combined Rod Loading (MACCRL) when calculated as defined in paragraph 6.6.1.當(dāng)按第6

13、.6.1條計算時，活塞桿負荷不應(yīng)超過制造商最大允許活塞桿負荷(MACCRL)的95%。 6.8 Compressor Cylinders 壓縮機氣缸Paragraph 6.8.1, Addition 增加The maximum cylinder diameter is 36 inches (914 mm). Exceptions require written approval from UOP. 1最大氣缸直徑為36英尺 (914 mm) 。免責(zé)條款需要UOP批準(zhǔn)。Paragraph , Addition/Clarification 增加 澄清When non-metallic

14、 wear bands and piston rings are used, the inside surface of liners shall be honed per paragraph . 當(dāng)使用非金屬支撐環(huán)和活塞環(huán)時，應(yīng)按章進行內(nèi)表面打磨。Paragraph , Addition/Clarification 增加 澄清Flange classes specified are in accordance with ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47. 法蘭等級按照ASME B16.5或ASME B16.47的規(guī)定。Flange

15、classes listed in the UOP Project Specification are based upon design pressure and temperature conditions only and do not account for other loads. The final design of all flanges shall account for gasket seating, external loads imposed by piping, and all other imposed loads. Differential thermal exp

16、ansion of dissimilar joints and transient thermal conditions such as start-up/shutdown and operational upset shall be accomodated. 在UOP項目規(guī)范中列出的法蘭等級只基于設(shè)計壓力和溫度條件，不考慮其他負載。所有法蘭的最終設(shè)計應(yīng)考慮到閥座、管道外荷載和所有其他荷載。應(yīng)適應(yīng)如啟動/關(guān)閉和切換時不同接頭的熱膨脹和瞬態(tài)熱狀態(tài)。Flanges intended for use with spiral wound gaskets shall have a flange surf

17、ace finish of 125 microinch Ra minimum to 250 microinch Ra maximum. Flanges intended for use with other gaskets shall have a flange surface finish within the optimal range for the specified gasket. Finishes shall be judged by visual comparison with surface finish roughness standards conforming to AS

18、ME B46.1. 用螺旋纏繞墊圈的法蘭盤表面粗糙度應(yīng)介于125微英寸到250微英寸之間。使用其他墊片的法蘭盤的表面加工應(yīng)符合墊片規(guī)范最佳值。Flange finishes shall be protected from damage during fabrication, heat treatment, shipping, storage and installation. 法蘭盤成品應(yīng)使用符合ASME B46.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的表面粗糙度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行目視比較。Ring Joint flanges shall have a flat bottom groove with the intersection

19、between the bottom and sides of the groove machined to a smooth 0.125 inch (3mm) minimum radius. 槽式密封面法蘭應(yīng)該有一個平的底部溝槽，在凹槽的底部和側(cè)面之間的光滑十字槽加工尺寸最小半徑0.125英寸(3mm)。6.9 Valves and Unloaders 氣閥和卸荷器Paragraph , Clarification 澄清To prevent failure of the unloader to actuate due to corrosion: 為防止因腐蝕造成的卸荷器失效-

20、The unloader actuators shall be a weather proof design which prevents ingress of water and other contaminants.卸荷器應(yīng)采用防水密封設(shè)計防止水和其他污染物進入- All critical sliding fit components in the unloader actuators shall be constructed of corrosion resistant materials, including: 所有卸荷器關(guān)鍵滑動部件應(yīng)采用耐腐蝕材料oPistons/operators

21、 制動器/操作機構(gòu)oUnloader Cylinder bodies 卸荷器缸體oUnloader Shafts/spindles/push rods 卸荷器軸/主軸/推桿The actuators/operators shall be sized for 10 psi (0.7 kg/cm²) less than the specified minimum site operating fluid pressure. Unloaders shall be shop tested for proper actuation 制動器操作機構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸應(yīng)該適合10 psi (0.7 kg/c

22、m²) 小于規(guī)定最小現(xiàn)場流體壓力。卸荷器應(yīng)進行適當(dāng)?shù)尿?qū)動工廠實驗。Paragraph , Clarification 澄清Rain shields shall be provided with all machines, unless: 所有機器均應(yīng)提供防雨罩，除非：- Installed indoors. 室內(nèi)安裝- The vendor unloader design complies with UOP clarification 供應(yīng)商卸荷器完全采用UOP澄清設(shè)計6.10 Pistons, Piston Rods, and Pisto

23、n Rings 活塞 活塞桿 活塞環(huán)Paragraph 6.10.3, Addition 增加Cast aluminum and fabricated steel pistons shall not be used above 500 horsepower (375 kW) per cylinder. 鑄鋁和焊接鋼活塞不應(yīng)用于超過500馬力（375kw）每氣缸Pistons, when integrated/integral with the piston rod (e.g. low ratio between piston rod diameter and cylinder diameter

24、) shall be constructed of the same material as the piston rod and may be fabricated without limits above. 當(dāng)整體或與活塞桿一體活塞（如活塞桿直徑和氣缸直徑比低）應(yīng)采用活塞桿相同材質(zhì)，不受上述限制。Paragraph , Clarification/Addition 澄清增加Hollow single-piece pistons shall have a spring loaded relief plug in the outer-end face of the piston

25、. 中空單體活塞應(yīng)在活塞外端面安裝一個彈簧安全閥Multi-piece pistons shall have a minimum 1/8” (3mm) diameter drilled vent hole 多體活塞應(yīng)有一個最小直徑1/8” (3mm)孔6.12 Distance Pieces 接筒Paragraph , Clarification 澄清Distance pieces shall be provided with gasketed, solid metal covers. 接筒應(yīng)提供帶封圈固體金屬蓋板Paragraph , Addition 增加C

26、ompartments shall be vented separately to non-hazardous areas. 接筒腔室應(yīng)與無害區(qū)域分隔排放Paragraph , Addition 增加Packing vent piping inside of the distance piece shall be designed for the maximum allowable working pressure of the cylinder. 取代接筒的內(nèi)部填料放氣管道設(shè)計時應(yīng)考慮氣缸最大工作壓力6.14.2 Compressor Frame Lubrication 壓縮

27、機機身潤滑Paragraph .4, Addition 增加The reservoir shall be fitted with a lube oil temperature transmitter.油箱應(yīng)設(shè)有溫度傳感器 Paragraph , Addition 增加When an auxiliary oil pump is not provided, a hand pump shall be provided for start-up lubrication. 如果沒有輔機泵，為了開啟潤滑應(yīng)提供手動泵Paragraph , Addition 增

28、加For applications with rated powers below 250 horsepower (185 kW), oil coolers are not required provided the vendor can demonstrate through calculation and operating experience that the frame has adequate radiative area to dissipate the heat. 當(dāng)額定功率低于250馬力（185 kW)時，供應(yīng)商無需提供油冷卻器若能通過計算和操作經(jīng)驗證明框架有足夠的輻射面積來

29、散熱。Paragraph , Clarification 澄清Heating for reservoirs shall be provided when the minimum ambient temperature is less than the vendor's required minimum start-up temperature. Thermostatically controlled immersion heaters conforming to API 618 shall be used. 當(dāng)最低環(huán)境溫度低于供應(yīng)商所需的最低啟動溫度時需要安裝油箱加熱器

30、。恒溫控制加熱器應(yīng)符合API618標(biāo)準(zhǔn)7. Accessories 輔助設(shè)備7.2 Couplings and Guards 聯(lián)軸器和防護罩Paragraph 7.2.1, Addition/Clarification 增加澄清Couplings shall allow continuous operation with twice the estimated cold-to hot thermal growth. 聯(lián)軸器應(yīng)滿足在兩倍預(yù)估熱膨脹條件下持續(xù)工作7.6 Controls and Instrumentation 控制和儀表Paragraph , Clarificatio

31、n 澄清Provide a separately mounted local instrument panel for each compressor. As a minimum the following shall be included: - Process gas inlet and discharge temperatures for each cylinder - Process gas inlet and discharge pressures for each stage -Frame lube oil pressure -Speed for variable speed dr

32、ivers -Multi-position selector switch for cylinder loading (each service) 每臺壓縮機非別安裝現(xiàn)場儀表，至少應(yīng)包括如下：每臺氣缸進出口氣體溫度傳感器各級壓力傳感器機身潤滑油壓力變頻電機速度傳感器氣缸加載多位選擇開關(guān)（每次服務(wù)）Paragraph , Addition 增加The system shall be capable of starting up and shutting down with each stage unloaded. 控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)具有分級卸載開啟關(guān)閉能力In addition the v

33、endor shall also do ONE of the following: 此外供應(yīng)商應(yīng)做一下一項工作-Provide interlocks to ensure that the compressor cannot start-up under load and to automatically unload the compressor or open the process spillback during shutdown. 提供聯(lián)鎖裝置來確保壓縮機不能在欠載下啟動和自動卸載壓縮機或在關(guān)閉過程中打開回流-Design the train for start-up and shut

34、down with each stage pressurized to its full operating pressure. (Not allowed when a suction valve unloader based stepless capacity regulation system is included) 設(shè)計機組的開關(guān)滿足各級增壓到它的額定工作壓力（不允許當(dāng)進口閥卸荷器包含無級變速系統(tǒng)）-Recommend a torque limiting device to prevent damage to the equipment during start-up. 建議增加扭矩限

35、制器以防啟動時損壞機器Paragraph 0, Clarification 澄清Variable volume clearance pockets are not permitted. 不允許采用可變?nèi)莘e余隙腔Paragraph 7.6.7, Clarification/ Addition澄清/增加 Solid state velocity transducers shall be used. Vendor proposal shall state how many are included. 應(yīng)采用固態(tài)速度傳感器。供應(yīng)商須提供包含多少個。Transducers shall be

36、 mounted at main bearing locations which see full dynamic loads from the compressor (e.g. bearings supporting loads of compressor throws, not static motor/flywheel loads). Transducers shall be mounted on the side of the compressor frame, elevation at the centerline of the crankshaft. Orientation sha

37、ll be in the direction of piston rod travel. 傳感器應(yīng)安裝在主軸承位置來顯示壓縮機完全動態(tài)載荷（如，軸承支撐負載壓縮機非靜態(tài)電機或飛輪負載）傳感器應(yīng)安裝在機身一側(cè)，曲軸中心線高度。方向同活塞桿行程。When more than one transducer is provided, transducers shall be mounted on opposite corners of the frame. 當(dāng)包含多個傳感器時，傳感應(yīng)該被安裝在機身相向位置。Reference UOP for allowable vibration li

38、mits. 振動極限參照UOP When specified, the vendor shall also provide an accelerometer mounted in the vertical orientation on each crosshead guide for alarm only. The crosshead accelerometer needs to be part of a smart vibration monitoring package utilizing a once per revolution crank position keypha

39、sor.當(dāng)特別規(guī)定時，供應(yīng)商同時應(yīng)為每個十字頭在垂直方向安裝加速報警儀。十字頭加速計應(yīng)作為智能振動檢測系統(tǒng)的一部分，通過每次曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)定位置監(jiān)控。Paragraph 7.6.8, Addition/Clarification 增加澄清When specified, the vendor shall supply a temperature monitoring system. Each main bearing, valve and piston packing case shall have a temperature sensor in the loaded area. 當(dāng)特別規(guī)定時，供應(yīng)

40、商應(yīng)提供溫度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。所有主軸承，氣閥，填料函都應(yīng)有溫度傳感器安裝在承載區(qū)域。When specified, crosshead pin temperature monitors shall be eutectic type. 當(dāng)特別規(guī)定時，十字頭銷溫度傳感器應(yīng)為共熔合金型7.8 Intercoolers, Aftercoolers and Separators 中間冷卻器、后冷卻器和分離器Paragraph , Addition 增加When an integral moisture removal section is provided, and the process ga

41、s is corrosive (e.g. HCl, H2S, etc.) the moisture removal section internals shall be constructed of suitable corrosion resistant material. 當(dāng)包含整體除水器時，且氣體有腐蝕性（如鹽酸，硫化氫等），其材質(zhì)應(yīng)為耐腐蝕金屬7.9.4 Pulsation and Vibration Control 脈動和振動控制Paragraph , Addition 增加The vibration level of the installed, foundation

42、 mounted, compressor frame shall not exceed the limit below: 壓縮機機身，基礎(chǔ)振動級不應(yīng)超出下表規(guī)定* 位置波峰速度 篩選波峰位移曲軸心線（如UOP7.6.7說明中定義）0.4英寸每秒10.2厘米每秒8密爾（200微米）- The frequency filter in the monitor should be set to filter out frequencies lower than ½x and higher than 20x compressor speed. 監(jiān)視器濾頻器應(yīng)設(shè)置為過濾掉低于½x 和高

43、于20x壓縮機速度的頻率The compressor vendor shall provide all required data to enable the foundation designer to meet these requirements 壓縮機供應(yīng)商應(yīng)提供所有必須資料來確?；A(chǔ)設(shè)計者能滿足這些需要。NOTE: Additional guide values for acceptable vibrations of installed, foundation mounted operating compressors at various locations on the com

44、pressor frame can be found in the document EFRC “Guidelines for Vibrations in Reciprocating Compressor Systems”. 注意：壓縮機機身附加指導(dǎo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以在EFRC壓縮機震動指導(dǎo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中找到。7.9.5 Pulsation Suppression Devices 脈動抑制裝置Paragraph 7.9.5, Addition 增加Threaded connections are not permitted. 不允許采用螺紋連接Warning tags shall be affixed to t

45、he pulsation suppression devices to caution against damaging the internal surface coating by pickling the suppressors during field cleaning activities. 警告標(biāo)簽應(yīng)貼在脈動抑制裝置上，以防止現(xiàn)場清洗時對其酸洗造成內(nèi)表面涂層損壞。Paragraph .2, Addition/Clarification 增加、澄清Suction side equipment between the block valve and compressor

46、cylinder shall either be rated for the discharge pressure or a suction side pressure relief valve must be provided. If a pressure relief valve is used, the vendor shall provide all information required to properly size this device. 在切斷閥和壓縮機氣缸之間的吸入端設(shè)備應(yīng)滿足吸氣壓力或安裝排氣壓力飛安全閥。如果采用排氣壓力安全閥，需要滿足此裝置工況Paragraph

47、.11, Clarification/Addition 澄清、增加For compressors with multiple cylinders per stage and shared pulsation bottles, individual cylinder temperature monitoring is required. This shall be accomplished as follows: 對于每級有多個氣缸且共用脈動裝置，需要每個氣缸加溫度傳感器。規(guī)格如下：-Provide one (1) NPS 1 1/2 inch flanged connection at the suction nozzle for each cylinder for insertion of a thermowell. 在每個氣缸進氣管處提供一個1 1/2英寸法蘭連接用于插入熱電偶-Provide four (4) NPS