英語(二)自學(xué)教程 Unit 10 Text A-The Importance of Public Transportation

1、New Words Learningproclaim: formally make sth known to the public宣布宣布/宣告宣告/聲明聲明 sth/ that.【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-近義詞法近義詞法】claim: sb says sth is true, but you are not sure whether sb tells the truth 聲稱聲稱 sth/ that.announce: tell people sth publicly or officially宣布宣布/宣告宣告declare: 1)state sth officially or formall

2、y宣布宣布/宣告宣告 sth/ that. 2) sb says sth is true in a firm and deliberate way聲稱聲稱 assert: state sth firmly 堅稱，斷言堅稱，斷言 sth/ that. state: (以口頭或書面形式正式或明確地以口頭或書面形式正式或明確地)聲稱，宣稱，聲明聲稱，宣稱，聲明affirm: state sth publicly and firmly 聲稱，聲明聲稱，聲明 New Words Learningallege: If you allege that something bad is true, you s

3、ay it but do not prove it. （未提出證據(jù)而）斷言，指稱，聲稱（未提出證據(jù)而）斷言，指稱，聲稱It is alleged that he cheated in the exam. 據(jù)稱他考試作弊據(jù)稱他考試作弊The criminal was alleged to have escaped. 據(jù)稱罪犯已經(jīng)逃跑了。據(jù)稱罪犯已經(jīng)逃跑了。The old lady alleged that her daughter was innocent.老太太聲稱她的女兒是無辜的老太太聲稱她的女兒是無辜的maintain: state ones opinion strongly, but n

4、ot everyone agrees with him 堅稱，聲稱堅稱，聲稱 語法語法 New Words Learning【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-近義詞法近義詞法】Sovereignty n.territory (國家國家)主權(quán)，獨立自主權(quán)主權(quán)，獨立自主權(quán) Sovereign adj.(國家國家)具有主權(quán)獨立的具有主權(quán)獨立的【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-詞綴法詞綴法】territorial: adj.New Words Learningtransport【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-詞綴法詞綴法】translatetransmittransfer transit transaction transplantt

5、ranscend transparentmajority: n. 大多數(shù)大多數(shù) major: adj.【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-詞綴法詞綴法】the vast/overwhelming majority of local people are strongly against the construction of the nuclear power station approximately: aboutpetroleum: 石油，原油石油，原油China National Petroleum Corporation/Petro China 中石油中石油中石化中石化Sinopec Group中海

6、油中海油 China National Offshore Oil Corporationelectrical: device equipment【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-比較法比較法】electric： 強調(diào)與電有直接的關(guān)系強調(diào)與電有直接的關(guān)系,1)由電作為動力驅(qū)動；由電作為動力驅(qū)動；2)導(dǎo)導(dǎo)/帶電帶電的；的；3) 發(fā)電的發(fā)電的batterymotorfancurrent wavegenerator fault test engineering electrical： 強調(diào)與電有間接的關(guān)系強調(diào)與電有間接的關(guān)系, economic: 經(jīng)濟(jì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的經(jīng)濟(jì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的2) profitable 有利可

7、圖的，賺錢的有利可圖的，賺錢的 【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-比較法比較法】economical: 經(jīng)濟(jì)的，省錢的經(jīng)濟(jì)的，省錢的 經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車經(jīng)濟(jì)型轎車這樣做經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且不會破壞環(huán)境這樣做經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且不會破壞環(huán)境It is economical to do so and ecologically sound.economicseconomicaleconomic【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-詞綴法詞綴法】stable:穩(wěn)定的穩(wěn)定的;穩(wěn)固不變的穩(wěn)固不變的 If something is stable, it is not likely to change or come to an end suddenly. ste

8、ady:穩(wěn)步的穩(wěn)步的;持續(xù)不斷的持續(xù)不斷的 a steady situation continues or develops gradually without any interruptions and is not likely to change quickly. 【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-比較法比較法】stable“是用來表示穩(wěn)定，沒有變化的狀態(tài)，屬于靜態(tài)的形容詞。是用來表示穩(wěn)定，沒有變化的狀態(tài)，屬于靜態(tài)的形容詞。steady是也是穩(wěn)定，它說明還是有變化的，屬于動態(tài)形容詞是也是穩(wěn)定，它說明還是有變化的，屬于動態(tài)形容詞。穩(wěn)定的婚姻穩(wěn)定的婚姻 穩(wěn)步提高穩(wěn)步提高The Importance of

9、 Public Transportationtopic sentences of each paraFor one thing, compared with private cars, public transportation could save energies, esp, exhaustible resources, which are the contributing factors to air pollution and global warming. For another thing, streets could be less crowded, which could, i

10、n turn, ease traffic pressure and save car accidents, if the majority of people travel by public transport. Last but not least, compared with private cars, public transportation could emit less per capita waste gases such as carbon dioxide, which constitute major health risk, such as lung cancer and

11、 other respiratory diseases. More and more people use private cars instead of taking public transport. What are the reasons for this trend?topic sentences of each paraTo some people, owning a car esp a brand car is a symbol of social standing, which is one of the the most important contributing fact

12、ors. Another factor that discourages people to travel by public transportation is that it feels uncomfortable and inconvenient to squeeze into an overcrowded bus or subway, while private cars offer their owners a sense of comfort, freedom and privacy. Last but not least, generally speaking, private

13、cars offer their owners a sense of flexibility and speed, let me put it another way, less time could be spent on road and efficiency is therefore improved. How can government encourage people to take public transport?topic sentences of each paraThe first measure is to improve service, like ensuring

14、buses and subways are punctual, installing more comfortable seats in waiting areas, enough vehicles are in operation and available even if its mid-night hour. Furthermore, lowering fares would also be a very effective way to encourage people to travel by public transport.In addition, car taxes and m

15、aintenance expenses could be raised by government so that car owners feel it a burden to travel by private cars. Finally, government could educate people about the devastating impact of vehicle emission on the environment and health so that they would be less likely to drive.access: 1) if you have a

16、ccess to a building or other place ,you are able or allowed to go into it 進(jìn)入進(jìn)入(權(quán)權(quán))；通道；入徑；通道；入徑There can be no doubt that .: 毫無疑問毫無疑問.There is no denying that.不可否認(rèn)不可否認(rèn)Scientists have only recently been able to gain access to the area. 科學(xué)家直到最近才得以進(jìn)入該地區(qū)?？茖W(xué)家直到最近才得以進(jìn)入該地區(qū)。Facilities have been adapted to gi

17、ve access to wheelchair users.The hotel offers easy access to central Nanjing.【 補充補充】【 學(xué)習(xí)策略學(xué)習(xí)策略-語境法語境法】這些設(shè)施已經(jīng)改造過以方便輪椅使用者進(jìn)入這些設(shè)施已經(jīng)改造過以方便輪椅使用者進(jìn)入。從酒店去南京市中心交通方便。從酒店去南京市中心交通方便。Only those who are the home owners can have access to the gym free of charge. 2) If you have access to sth such as information or

18、equipment, you have the opportunity or right to see it or use it. 查閱查閱/使用使用的機(jī)會的機(jī)會/權(quán)利權(quán)利只有業(yè)主才有權(quán)利免費使用健身房只有業(yè)主才有權(quán)利免費使用健身房. According to civil law, defendants are given access to documentation of his case 根據(jù)民法，被告有權(quán)查閱自己案件的卷宗。根據(jù)民法，被告有權(quán)查閱自己案件的卷宗。3) If you have access to a person, you have the opportunity or

19、right to see them or meet them. 接近接近/面見的機(jī)會面見的機(jī)會/權(quán)利權(quán)利這些設(shè)施已經(jīng)改造過以方便輪椅使用者進(jìn)入這些設(shè)施已經(jīng)改造過以方便輪椅使用者進(jìn)入。He was not allowed access to his lawyer. These facilities have been adapted to give access to wheel users. (使用使用)交通被視為生活中一個必需的一部分。交通被視為生活中一個必需的一部分。 Access to transportation is considered a necessity.environmen

20、tally friendly alternative.is an alternative to private cars. It emits into air less waste gases which are considered a contributing factor to air pollution. In this way, public transportation does less harm to environment. Public transportation is defined as a service.suit your own personal conveni

21、ence.公共交通被定義為公共交通被定義為./公共交通是公共交通是.suit: convenient for sb or is the best thing for sb in the circumstances. 對對.方便方便/有利；有利； 滿足滿足需要；合需要；合.心意心意suit the need: 滿足需要滿足需要【 近義詞近義詞】satisfy the need/demand翻譯：不是可以自行安排以滿足個人需求翻譯：不是可以自行安排以滿足個人需求/方便方便to a certain extent.to some degreesince you have to consider.sim

22、ilar arrangements with you.由于你不得不考慮其他和自己有同樣出行安排的人。由于你不得不考慮其他和自己有同樣出行安排的人。I have experienced first-hand.first-hand: directly from personal experience親身經(jīng)歷的，一手親身經(jīng)歷的，一手的的.a US territory and the close things we have to public .我住在塞班島我住在塞班島美國的海外領(lǐng)地，與我們的生活聯(lián)系最密切的公共美國的海外領(lǐng)地，與我們的生活聯(lián)系最密切的公共交通服務(wù)使旅游車和校車。交通服務(wù)使旅游車和校

23、車。.otherwise you end up basked. 【近義詞近義詞】In some way否則，每天上班就會大漢淋漓，飽受日曬之苦。否則，每天上班就會大漢淋漓，飽受日曬之苦。如果你繼續(xù)這樣，你會被開除的如果你繼續(xù)這樣，你會被開除的/坐牢的。坐牢的。由于宿舍關(guān)門了，我們只好一整晚露宿街頭。由于宿舍關(guān)門了，我們只好一整晚露宿街頭。兩車相撞最終受損嚴(yán)重兩車相撞最終受損嚴(yán)重The group has expressed concern about reports of political violence in AfricaThere is no cause for concernThe

24、growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern Western aid agencies.他最終當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理。他最終當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理。I didnt concern myself with politicsThe book concerns Sandys two middle-aged children.We should jump at any opportunity whenever it arises. account for: 1) （數(shù)量或比例上）占（數(shù)量或比例上）占 2)解釋；說明解釋；

25、說明It is none of your business and doesnt concern you at all.Heavy pollution accounts for the fact that.How can you account for 語法語法 New Words Learningcontribute : 1) help to make sth successful 為為做貢獻(xiàn)做貢獻(xiàn)Good sleep can contribute to raising work efficiency 中國為世界緩解和消除貧困做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。中國為世界緩解和消除貧困做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)?！?u

26、sage】 to. China contributes a lot to the alleviation and elimination of the worlds poverty. 良好的睡眠有助于提高工作效率。良好的睡眠有助于提高工作效率。contribute : 2 give money or resources to help pay for sth 捐捐款；捐助；援助款；捐助；援助【 usage】 sth to. 比爾蓋茨是全世界慈善捐款最多的人。比爾蓋茨是全世界慈善捐款最多的人。 語法語法 New Words LearningBill Gates is the one who co

27、ntributes most to charity in the world. Good sleep can contribute to raising work efficiency 中國承諾將為發(fā)展中國家提供更多貸款及為聯(lián)合國維和提供更多的中國承諾將為發(fā)展中國家提供更多貸款及為聯(lián)合國維和提供更多的人員和裝備。人員和裝備。China contributes more money in loans to developing countries and more troops and equipments to UNs peace keeping. contribute : 3 ) if sth contributes to an event or situation, it is one of the causes of it. 導(dǎo)致，促使導(dǎo)致，促使. 吸煙會導(dǎo)致肺癌。吸煙會導(dǎo)致肺癌。Smoking can contribute to lung cancer.Smoking is a co