[名校聯(lián)盟]廣東省信宜市第一中學(xué)高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí)《如何做主旨

1、How To Get The Main Idea?How To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題?信宜一中 sunny技巧技巧 常見的提問形式常見的提問形式 1) What does the writer mainly tell us? 2) Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3) Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4) Which is the subject discussed in th

2、e text? 5) The best headline for this newspaper article is _. 6) Whats the best title for this passage?The position of the topic sentenceAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentence Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and

3、 eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world. ？_ Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only

4、 be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance So, it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To many of natures animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming

5、 of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to Americas great western plains, they killed millions of bison（北美野牛北美野牛）, poisoned the prairie dogs（草原犬鼠）草原犬鼠）, and shot the coyotes（郊狼郊狼）. All this upset the areas balance of nature. For the animals, it was worse than a flood or earthqu

6、ake. Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer

7、 in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at

8、Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetailPractice練習(xí)練習(xí) If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may di

9、scover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called “bait（誘餌）誘餌） and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another

10、 more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer BewareB. Closeout(出清存貨) Sale C. Crime Pays D. Buying a TV Set This sales trick is called “bait and switch”.Ex .1 Reading is the key to school s

11、uccess and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精確精確), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.”

12、 Educators call it “ automaticity (自動自動).Q: The first paragraph tells us _.A.what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained.Ex.2Sample 4 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had ste

13、ak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft dr

14、ink. One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin（青霉素青霉素） saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia （肺炎（肺炎）was responsible for eighteen per

15、cent of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skate

16、s（旱冰鞋旱冰鞋）. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time! ？如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題 做此類題目時，做此類題目時，第一第一：要搞清是問某一段要搞清是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括

17、文章的主題。如有標題，脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。第二：第二：任任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。Summary 第三第三: 要學(xué)會借助文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來把握中要學(xué)會借助文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心思想段落中心思想常常由主題句常常由主題句( T

18、opic sentence)來表達。主題句常常來表達。主題句常常出現(xiàn)在段首出現(xiàn)在段首(60%-90%)或段尾處或段尾處, 有時有時也在段落中間。同樣也在段落中間。同樣, 一篇文章的中心一篇文章的中心思想思想也常常在開始段或結(jié)尾段點出。因也常常在開始段或結(jié)尾段點出。因此此, 在閱讀中在閱讀中, 我們要對文章的開始段和我們要對文章的開始段和結(jié)尾段及段落的主題句給予特別的注意。結(jié)尾段及段落的主題句給予特別的注意。1所選有據(jù)，避免主觀閱讀他人作品，理解他人的意圖，必須以作者的思維模式為準繩，以原文提供的事實、細節(jié)邏輯關(guān)系為自己思維活動的基準點，切忌把自己的觀點和看法與原文或作者的觀點和看法混為一談，自

19、以為是。文章中的數(shù)字、日期、時間、表限量的詞或短語等都是設(shè)題的重點，若只注意明顯的內(nèi)容，正好走進實的陷井。若不注意虛的內(nèi)容，想當然答題多半會錯。因此，必須學(xué)會“虛實結(jié)合”2符合原文的答案正確答案最佳答案 閱讀題要求選的是最佳答案，有的答案從某個枝節(jié)來看是對，但從全文來看則不是最佳的。因此，必須通盤考慮，取主題，舍枝節(jié)。3解題有法，但無定法，貴在得法。要答好閱讀理解題，必須多讀、巧讀和善于思考。要不斷擴大詞匯量，拓寬閱讀面，提高閱讀速度，同時也要探索和總結(jié)適合自己的方法。實踐出真知，多練出效益。閱讀下列短文或選段閱讀下列短文或選段, 從每題所給的從每題所給的A、B、C和和D項中項中, 選出最佳選

20、項。選出最佳選項。(1) 2009年安徽卷年安徽卷Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. Recite and repeat in conversation. When you hear a persons name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. Ask the other person to recite and repeat. Afte

21、r youve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name mad pronounce it correctly for you. 實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練 Admit you dont know. Most of people will feel sympathy if you say, “Im working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?” Limit the number of n

22、ew names you learn at one time. When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later. Go early. Consider going early to conferences, parti

23、es and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. Thats fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to othersan automatic review for you.59. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Tips on an important social skill. B. Importance of attendin

24、g parties.C. How to make use of associations. D. How to recite and repeat names.(1)A。由首段的兩句話可知正確選項為由首段的兩句話可知正確選項為A。選項。選項B和和C屬屬無關(guān)信息，文中找不到依據(jù)；選項無關(guān)信息，文中找不到依據(jù)；選項D只含局部信息，概只含局部信息，概括范圍太窄。括范圍太窄。(2) 2009年重慶卷年重慶卷Sir Steven Redgrave, winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals, once said, “In 1997 I was found to have devel

25、oped diabetes (糖尿病糖尿病). Believing my career (職職業(yè)生涯業(yè)生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was itthe encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isnt

26、 difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasnt finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”61. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about? A. Difficulties influenced his career. B. Specialists offered him medical advice. C. Training helped him defeat his disease. D. He over

27、came the shadow of illness to win.(2)D。本段沒有明顯的主題句，歸納全段可知正確選項本段沒有明顯的主題句，歸納全段可知正確選項為為D。選項。選項A是局部信息；選項是局部信息；選項B和和C，文中沒有信息支，文中沒有信息支持。持。 細節(jié)理解解題 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, bu

28、t some types are deadly,the symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms。 5152 Certain microorganisms (微生物微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and m

29、any other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (釋放釋放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad r