英語從句的翻譯

1、從句的分類名詞性從句形容詞性從句形容詞性從句主語從句賓語從句同位語從句表語從句定語從句狀語從句Translation of Nominal Clauses名詞性從句的翻譯名詞性從句名詞性從句主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句主語從句主語從句由代詞由代詞what, whatever, whoever等引導(dǎo)的主語從句等引導(dǎo)的主語從句“It” 作為形式主語作為形式主語1) 由代詞由代詞what, whatever, whoever等等引導(dǎo)的主語從句，一般按原句順序翻譯引導(dǎo)的主語從句，一般按原句順序翻譯 What he told me was a sheer lie.

2、 他對我說的全是謊言。他對我說的全是謊言。 Whatever I saw and heard on my trip left me a very deep impression. 一路上所見所聞給我留下了十分深刻的印象。一路上所見所聞給我留下了十分深刻的印象。 Whoever has made a trip to Mt. Huangshan must remember the clouds there. 凡是去過黃山的人都不會忘記那里的云。凡是去過黃山的人都不會忘記那里的云。賓語從句賓語從句 以以that, what, how引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的賓語從句賓語從句 以以it作形式賓語的賓語從作形式賓語的

3、賓語從句句1) 以以that, what, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般按原句順序翻譯一般按原句順序翻譯 I told him that I had to turn him down. 我告訴他我不得不拒絕他。我告訴他我不得不拒絕他。 Did you hear what I said? 你沒聽見我的話嗎？你沒聽見我的話嗎？ I told him how appealing I found the offer. 我告訴他，這個機(jī)會對我有著多么大的吸引力我告訴他，這個機(jī)會對我有著多么大的吸引力2) “It” 作為形式主語作為形式主語翻譯時可以提前，也可以不提前翻譯時可以提前，也可以不提前

4、 It doesnt make much difference to me whether you come or not. 你來不來我不在乎。你來不來我不在乎。 It seemed incredible that she should have lied to us. 她居然對我們說謊，這真是不可思議。她居然對我們說謊，這真是不可思議。 It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然沒有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。真奇怪，她竟然沒有看出自己的缺點(diǎn)。Continued He would never

5、 let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines, to be a gentle, leisurely president, letting events take their course. 他決不肯讓將來的史書說他甘當(dāng)一他決不肯讓將來的史書說他甘當(dāng)一個袖手旁觀、溫和懶散、聽任事情個袖手旁觀、溫和懶散、聽任事情發(fā)展的總統(tǒng)。發(fā)展的總統(tǒng)。2) 以以it作形式賓語的賓語從句作形式賓語的賓語從句一般按原句順序翻譯，一般按原句順序翻譯，it可不譯出可不譯出 I made it clear

6、 to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. 我明確地告訴他們，論文必須在上午十點(diǎn)我明確地告訴他們，論文必須在上午十點(diǎn)之前交。之前交。 Anyhow, old chap, I owe it to you that I am here. 不管怎么說，老伙計，我現(xiàn)在還能站在這不管怎么說，老伙計，我現(xiàn)在還能站在這兒，全靠你。兒，全靠你。表語從句，一般按原句順序翻譯表語從句，一般按原句順序翻譯 This is where the shoe pinches. 這正是這正是問題的癥結(jié)所在問題的癥結(jié)

7、所在。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不總是如其表象。事物并不總是如其表象。 What he emphasized again and again was that no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch. 他再三強(qiáng)調(diào)的就是，不管多困難，決不后退他再三強(qiáng)調(diào)的就是，不管多困難，決不后退半步。半步。 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behaviora

8、l science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。行為的根源。同位語從句同位語從句 保持原本的語序保持原本的語序 譯為類似定語的結(jié)構(gòu)或獨(dú)成一句譯為類似定語的結(jié)構(gòu)或獨(dú)成一句 加入冒號、破折號和加入冒號、破折號和“這樣這樣”、“這一這一”、“即即”等字眼等字眼

9、 改變原文的同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，用漢語改變原文的同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，用漢語的無主句或其他方式譯出的無主句或其他方式譯出 1) 保持原本的語序保持原本的語序 He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再來中國訪問。他表示希望能再來中國訪問。 As an obedient son, he had accepted his fathers decision that he was to be a doctor, though the prospect didnt interest him at all. 作為一

10、個孝順兒子，他接受了父親的決作為一個孝順兒子，他接受了父親的決定，去當(dāng)醫(yī)生，雖然他對這樣的前途毫定，去當(dāng)醫(yī)生，雖然他對這樣的前途毫無興趣可言。無興趣可言。 2) 譯為類似定語的結(jié)構(gòu)或獨(dú)立句譯為類似定語的結(jié)構(gòu)或獨(dú)立句 But I knew I couldnt trust him. There was the possibility that he was a political swindler. 但我知道不能輕信他。他是政治但我知道不能輕信他。他是政治騙子騙子這這種可能性還是存在的。種可能性還是存在的。 It does not alter the fact that he is the man

11、 responsible for the delay. 遲延應(yīng)由他負(fù)責(zé)，這個事實(shí)是改變不了遲延應(yīng)由他負(fù)責(zé)，這個事實(shí)是改變不了的。的。 3) 加入冒號、破折號和加入冒號、破折號和“這樣這樣”、“這一這一”、“即即”等字眼等字眼 But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但在實(shí)事求是地考慮一番之后，我們不得不但在實(shí)事求是地考慮一番之后，我們不得不正視這樣一個事實(shí)：正視這樣一個事實(shí)：我們的前景并不妙我們的前景并不妙。 Influenced by thes

12、e ethics, the new generation live under the delusion that money does not stink. 受這種道德觀念的影響，青年一代生活在這受這種道德觀念的影響，青年一代生活在這樣一種樣一種錯覺錯覺中，以為金錢中，以為金錢總是香噴噴的總是香噴噴的。 4) 改變原文的同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，改變原文的同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，用漢語的無主句或其他方式譯出用漢語的無主句或其他方式譯出 An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.

13、已命令將現(xiàn)在仍在太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究人員送已命令將現(xiàn)在仍在太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究人員送回地球。回地球。 Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. 即使是最精確的實(shí)驗(yàn)，也沒有希望獲得無任即使是最精確的實(shí)驗(yàn)，也沒有希望獲得無任何誤差的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。何誤差的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。定語從句 限定性非限定性非限定性定語從句的翻譯 翻譯方法合并法分譯法混合法1合并法(1)If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amo

14、unt of goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made.如果買方不能銷售他已同意從賣方所購數(shù)量的貨物，買方可以書面通知賣方減少發(fā)貨數(shù)量，再要求賣方發(fā)貨。(2) Party B guarantees that the technical documen

15、ts to be supplied by Party B are the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B. 乙方保證所提供的技術(shù)資料是乙方經(jīng)過實(shí)際使用的最新技術(shù)資料。(3)Shipment shall be commenced within 10 months counting from the date when the contract has come into force and completed within 16months. 自合同生效之日起計算，10個

16、月內(nèi)裝運(yùn)，16個月內(nèi)交付完畢。 2、分譯法(1)A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一種物質(zhì)，在適當(dāng)溫度下能燃燒并放出熱量。(2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. 健康的飲食包括的食物應(yīng)該充足但不過多。這些食物提供身體正常活動

17、所必需的營養(yǎng)。(3) The combination of satellites, which transmit information, computer, which store information, and television, which displays information will change every h o m e i n t o a n e d u c a t i o n a n d entertainment center.傳輸信息的衛(wèi)星，儲存信息的電腦，顯示信息的電視三者的結(jié)合會把每一個家庭變成一個教育和娛樂中心。(4)The Seller ensure t

18、hat all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufactures Standard. 賣方保證本合同附件一所列全部設(shè)備都是新產(chǎn)品，是根據(jù)現(xiàn)行的中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，或生產(chǎn)廠的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造的，其性能符合合同規(guī)定。

19、 3.混合法（混合法是把原句中的主語和從句溶合在一起譯成一個獨(dú)立的句子）(1)We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity. 我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個部件都有國籍的某些標(biāo)志。(2)Fortunately, there are some chemical fuel that are clean and smokeless. 幸好有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無煙的。(3)There was another man who seemed to have answers, a

20、nd that was Robert MeNamara. 另外一個人似乎胸有成竹,那就是麥克納馬拉。三、狀語從句的翻譯 英語狀語和狀語從句的功能可表示時間、 地點(diǎn) 、 原因、條件、讓步和目的等。（1） He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交給我，就叫我念給他聽。（2） Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑問的地方做個記號 （3）The crops failed because the season was dry. 因

21、為氣候干燥，作物欠收。（4） Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw? 假設(shè)這是實(shí)際情況，你又能得出什么結(jié)論。（5）While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 雖然有一部分是真的，但不見得都是真的。 （6）We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)早點(diǎn)動身，這樣就能在正午之前趕到那里。 在商務(wù)英語中，特別是在國際商務(wù)合同中，商務(wù)合同是合同各方就相互權(quán)利義務(wù)達(dá)成一致意見而訂立的書

22、面文件。這種書面文件主要約定雙方應(yīng)享有的權(quán)利和應(yīng)履行的義務(wù)，但這種權(quán)利的行使和義務(wù)的履行，均附有各種條件。當(dāng)條件成熟時，當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，或義務(wù)方可履行。 請看下列例句 1狀語 (1) in case of e.g. In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 若發(fā)生質(zhì)量索賠，買方的索賠必須在貨物到達(dá)目的港的30天內(nèi)提出。 (2) in the event

23、 of: In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty 瀆職 ；玩忽職守 e.g. In the event of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will. 若總經(jīng)理和/或副總經(jīng)理有營私舞弊或嚴(yán)重失職時，董事會有權(quán)隨時將其撤換。 (3)

24、 in consideration of 考慮到；鑒于；由于 e.g. In consideration of the Licenses and technical assistance provided herein, the Joint Venture Company shall pay Party A technical assistance fees in USD. 考慮到許可以及在此提供的技術(shù)援助，合資公司將以美元的方式支付甲方技術(shù)援助費(fèi)。 (4) subject to 在條件下；根據(jù).規(guī)定； 在.規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)；以為有效。 e.g. Subject to the terms to t

25、his Agreement, the Producer agrees to be bound by the terms to the following marketing agreement. 在本協(xié)議的條件下，制造商同意接受下列銷售協(xié)議各項(xiàng)條款的約束。2狀語從句（1）If the Force Majeure event lasts over 60 days, the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract or the undelivered part of the Contract. 若不可抗力事件持續(xù)60天以上，買方有權(quán)撤消本合同或合同中未完成的部分。（2）In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be s