2018年外研版初一英語語法知識點總結復習超詳細版

1、.初一英語語法知識點總結復習課時一教學任務一、 重點語法1. 動詞be（am,is,are）的用法：be動詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。句型解析析：I am+例句：I am Snoopy.I am ten years old. I am a student. I am a boy.第二人稱(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+例句：You are my good friend. You are a good teacher.You are beautiful第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：S

2、he(He, It) is +例句：She is a good girl.She is so tall.She is short.人稱復數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口訣：我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫

3、莫忘記。對應練習：一. 用括號中適當?shù)脑~填空。1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia.2. She _ (am, are, is) a student.3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) my friends.4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day.5. _ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York"6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard

4、 the news"7. There _ (be) some glasses on it.8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.一、用be 動詞的適當形式填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy" No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom" 6

5、. Where _ your mother" She _ at home. 7. How _ your father" 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this" 10. Whose socks _ they" 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I" 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The

6、black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shan's shirt _ over there. 第二課時（1）英語人稱代詞和物主代詞一、人稱代詞表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞，叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表：人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouy

7、ou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞主格：作主語，表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.人稱代詞賓格作賓語，表示動作行為的對象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代詞表示所有關系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。數(shù)人稱類別單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞m

8、yyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她、它）們的形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞而名詞性物主代詞則相當于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,故其后不必加名詞。如：Is this your book" No,，it isnt， its hers(her book)This pen is mine.代詞練習（一）一、選出括號中正確的詞，在正確的詞上打勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. N

9、ice to meet （your / you）.3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）name"5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li"7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）二、用所給代詞的正確形式填空。1. These are _ ( he ) brothers.2. That is _( she

10、) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name"8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ).10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) teacher.三、單項選擇。

11、（）1. My family _ a big family. My family _all here.A. is, is B. are, areC. is, areD. are, is（）2. This is _. A. a picture of familyB. a picture of my familyC. a familys pictureD. a family of my picture（）3. Lets _ good friends.A. beB. areC. isD. am（）4. Is she your aunt" Yes, _.A. shesB. her isC.

12、she isD. he is（）5. Are _ coats yours" Yes, they are .A. theyB. theseC. thisD. there（）6. Is that _ uncle" No, it isntA. heB. sheC. herD. hers（）7. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother. A. Jim and KateB. Jim and KatesC. Jims and KatesD. Jim and Kates（）8. Do you know the name _Mr. Greens son"A. in

13、B. ofC. onD. or（）9. _ the great photo of your family. A. thank forB. Thanks forC. Thank forD. thanks for（）10. Are those your friends" _. A. Yes, theyreB. No, they areC. Yes, they areD. Yes, those are代詞練習（二）一、用適當?shù)拇~填空1We like _ (he, his , him) very much.2Is this guitar _ (you, your, yours)"

14、3_(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.4Father bought a desk for _ (I, my, me, mine).5_ (It, It's, Its) is very cold today.6Is this your book, Mike"Yes ,_(we, you, they )are.7Are you and Tom classmates"Yes, _(we, you ,they )are.8Each of the students _( have, has) a pen pal.9He has a dog. I w

15、ant to have _(it, one ),too.10Her parents are _ (both, all ,either )teachers.11The text is easy for you .There are _( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it 12I want _( some, any) bananas. Give me these big _(one, ones).二、選擇正確的答案1Is this _ book"Ayou BI Cshe Dyour2It's a bird. _ name

16、is Polly.AIts BIt's CHis DIt3What's that "_ a jeep.Ait'sBIts CIt'sDits4What's that in English" _.AIt's eggBThat's egg CIt's a eggDIt's an egg5Whose cat is this " Is it yours" Is it a white _"Acat's Bone ConesDcats6Please give the book

17、to _.AI Bme Cmy Dmine7_skirt is yours"AWhose BWhere CHowDWhich8_ is this pen " It's Wang Fang's.AWho's BWhose CWhere DWhich9Kate and Mike do _ homework in the evening.Aone's Bhis Cher Dtheir10There isn't _ water in the bottle.Aany Bsome CnoDa課時二（2）簡單句一 陳述句1、 概念：說明一個事實或是

18、陳述說話人的看法的句子，句末用句號。 2、 分類：陳述句根據(jù)其語法結構，可大體分為“主語+謂語”和“主語+連系動詞+表語”兩種；而從語氣的角度分，又可分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句（1）“主語+謂語”結構 肯定陳述句I like that book.我喜歡那本書。（陳述一個事實） I really agree.我確實同意。（陳述一個觀點） 否定陳述句I did not buy the TV.我沒有買那個電視。（陳述一個事實）（2）主語+連系動詞+表語結構 肯定陳述名The film is boring . 這部電影沒意思。（陳述觀點） 否定陳述句Smoking is not good for yo

19、ur health.抽煙對你的健康沒有好處。（陳述一個事實）3、 陳述句的否定結構：陳述句的否定式主要用兩種結構來表達：（1）句子的謂語動詞為be , have 或者謂語動詞有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時，其否定結構為：主語+謂語動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + not + 其他成分 I am not a teacher. 我不是老師。We have not (havent) any books on animals. 我們沒有任何有關動物方面的書。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子們沒在操場上玩。 He will not (

20、wont) come. 他不會來。We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我們不能忘記過去。 It could not (couldnt) be lost. 它不可能丟的。（2） 當句子的謂語動詞是do (即行為動詞)，而且沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，其否定結構為：主語+do (does,did) + not + 動詞原形 + 其他成分You do not (dont) come here every day . 你沒有每天都來這里。 He does not (doesnt) teach this class . 他不教這個班。They did not(didn

21、t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他們沒看電視。注意：陳述句的語調(diào)一般用降調(diào)。但在表示疑問的語氣時，用升調(diào)，在書面上要用問號來表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong " 你真的想去香港嗎.這句話表示的是一種疑問，只不過是通過陳述的語序和疑問的語氣來表達的二 疑問句疑問句是用來提出疑問的句子，句末用問號“.”。常考的疑問句有四類，即：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。第一節(jié) 一般疑問句一般疑問句通常需要用yes 或no 來回答，所以又叫做“是非疑問句”。在讀這種句子時要用升調(diào)。一般疑問句主要有以下幾種類型： 1、“b

22、e + 主語 + 表語”結構 Are you sleepy " 你困了嗎. Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 3、“情態(tài)動詞 + 主語言+ 行為動詞（或be）”結構 May/Can I use the telephone" 我能用這部電話嗎. Yes, you can. 是的，可以。 5、“助動詞（do, does, did）+ 主語 + 行為動詞”結構 Do you like swimming in summer" 你喜歡夏天游泳嗎. No, I dont . 不，我不喜歡。難點提示回答否定性一般疑問句時，要在Yes 后面用肯定結構，表示肯定；在No 后面

23、用否定結構，表示否定。注意在說法上正好與漢語習慣相反。訣竅是在回答的時候，只要把它當成沒有加否定形式的普通一般疑問句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。 Is he not your elder brother" 他不是你的哥哥嗎. Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not. 是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。 Isnt she very clever" 她難道不是很聰明嗎. Yes, she is. 不，她很聰明。 No, she is not . 是，她不聰明。第二節(jié) 特殊疑問句一、特殊疑問句是用來提出來特定問題的疑問句，要求聽到問題的

24、人針對特定情況來做具體的回答，不能像一般疑問句一樣簡單地用Yes 或No 來回答，特殊疑問句要用降調(diào)來讀。 二、特殊疑問句的結構：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句Who do English homework in the evening"誰晚上做英語家庭作業(yè). What do you do in the evening"你晚上做什么.What homework do you do in the evening"你晚上做什么家庭作業(yè).When do you do English homework"你什么時候做英語家庭作業(yè).三、注意：對人提問時who“誰”對所屬

25、（誰的）提問用whose“誰的” 對哪一個提問用which“哪一個”對時間提問用when“什么時候”或what time“幾點” 對物體提問用what“什么” 對地點提問用where“哪里” 對原因提問用why“為什么” 對方式提問用how“怎么樣” 對數(shù)量提問用how many“多少”（用于可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)）或how much“多少”（用于不可數(shù)名詞）四、難點提示1、 以why開頭的特殊疑問句否定形式常用于表示建議、請求等。 Why dont you have a try" 你為什么不試試呢.2、 特殊疑問句常用到一些縮略形式，在平時學習中要注意習慣這些用法。I dont want t

26、o go there. How about you" 我不想去那兒，你呢. But what else" 可是還有什么呢.把下列句子變成否定句：1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _3Sarah can clean the classroom. _ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need s

27、ome masks. _9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes listening to music_肯定句改一般疑問句的方法肯定句改一般疑問句的方法肯定句改一般疑問句的方法肯定句改一般疑問句的方法三步法1. 有be動詞/情態(tài)動詞：be

28、動詞/情態(tài)動詞提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用問號。2. 無be動詞/情態(tài)動詞，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用問號。 3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子動詞要變成原型。 例如： 陳述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar. 一般疑問句: Are they in the park" Can he play the guitar" 陳述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑問句

29、： Do you like the ducks" Does he like the dogs" 把下列句子變成一般疑問句 1. I am listening to music. _2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom._4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._6. This is my sister. _7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need some masks. _

30、 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._ 11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes listening to music_關于特殊疑問詞問人（誰）who 地點（何地） where 時間（何時） when、what time 東西/職業(yè)/事物(什么) what 方式方法程序身體

31、（怎樣） how 年齡 how old .怎么樣（提建議） How about 多少錢 How much 誰的 whose book 問星期 what day 問日期 what date 問數(shù)量多少 (可數(shù)名詞) How many people 問數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞） How much water 顏色what color 班級 what class 年級 what grade 時間 what time 哪一個 which which class 1、根據(jù)劃線部分確定是什么疑問詞, 后面寫原句變成的一般疑問句，句末問號。 2、how many后必須先寫物品，再寫一般疑問句等。1、A: _ is

32、the boy in blue" B:Hes Mike.2、A: _ pen is it" B:Its mine.3、A: _ is the diary" B:Its under the chair.4、A: _ is the Chirstmas Day" B: Its on the 25th of December. 5、A: _ are the earphones" B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _ is the cup" B:Its blue. 7、A: _ is it today" B:Its S

33、unday.8、A: _ was it yesterday" B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _ this red one" B:Its beautiful.12. A:_ is your cousin" B: Hes 15 years old. 13、A:_ do you have dinner" B: At 6 oclock 綜合練習1. The children have a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_2. There is only one problem. 否

34、定句：_一般疑問句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_7.She has some bread for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_肯定/否定回答：_ . 句型轉換題1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改為否定句） 改為一般疑問句5. I can speak English.(改為一般疑問句） 6. I am writing now.(同上）7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主語改寫句子）8. She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改為否定句） 10.

35、 Does she like growing flowers" （給予否定回答）課時三have作實義動詞1.表示“有”的意思     Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes.注1：其否定和疑問形式變化，在美國通常用助動詞do。     注2：在英國口語中常用have got代替have.     Look, cant you see I've got teeth, too,     I haven'

36、t got any jewelry.    2.have和一些其他名詞連用，表示：     (1)一種活動。     We have no classes on Sunday.（上課）    theyre going to have a volleyball match.（舉行比賽） Are we going to have a meeting this week"（開會）    We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（聽報告）

37、    (2)患病。     I have got a headache.     I have a bad cold.    (3)發(fā)生的情況。     I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）    (4)生育。     The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.

38、0;   3.和一與動詞同形的名詞連用，表示一個動作（havea由動詞轉化和名詞）     Are you going to have a swim.     I have a long talk with the teacher.    4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿著”、“戴著”(=to be wearing)    I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.    At the ball Motile had a

39、diamond necklace on.     5.表示“吃”、“喝”     I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.     Does she have lunch at home"    6.組成復合結構即“have賓語賓語補足語”     (1)不加to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語(have sb. do sth.)，表示讓、叫某人做某事。     The soldier had him stand with h

40、is back to his father.     注：否定結構表示“不能讓”或“從未有人”.     We won't have you blame it on others.     She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.     (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示讓（使）某人做某事。     the two men had their lights burning al

41、l night long.     (3)過去分詞作賓語補足語(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示：     使（讓，請）別人作某事，表示的動作是別人做的。     Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.     he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.    遭遇到某事。   &

42、#160; Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.課時三英語名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的規(guī)則一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化：結尾是清輔音讀s，結尾是濁輔音或元音讀z。例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構成復數(shù)。讀音變化：統(tǒng)一加讀iz。例：busbuses; quizquizzes; foxf

43、oxes; matchmatches; flashflashes三、以輔音字母+y結尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。讀音變化：加讀z。例：candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories四、以-o結尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es，否則加-s構成復數(shù)。讀音變化：加讀z。例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silosilos; pianopianos（外來詞）; photophotos; macroma

44、cros（縮寫詞）五、以-f或-fe結尾的名詞，多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves，但有例外。讀音變化：尾音f改讀vz。例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、以-us結尾的名詞（多為外來詞），通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構成復數(shù)。讀音變化：尾音Es改讀ai，其中kEs要改讀為sai，gEs要改讀為dVai。例：fungusfungi; abacusabaci; focusfoci; cactuscacti; cestuscesti七、以-is結尾的名詞，通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。讀音變化

45、：尾音is改讀i:z。例：axisaxes; basisbases; narisnares; hypothesishypotheses; restisrestes八、以-ix結尾的名詞，通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices，但有例外。讀音變化：尾音iks改讀isi:z。例：matrixmatrices; directrixdirectrices; calixcalices; appendixappendices 反例：affixaffixes九、以-um結尾的名詞，將-um改變?yōu)?a。讀音變化：去掉鼻尾音。例：forumfora; stadiumstadia; aquariumaquaria; dat

46、umdata; vacuumvacua十、以-a結尾的名詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。讀音變化：尾音E改讀i:。例：larvalarvae; formulaformulae; alaalae; mediamediae; hydrahydrae十一、部分單詞的復數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon十二、極少數(shù)單詞，其復數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化：沒有規(guī)律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen十三、一些單數(shù)

47、詞得加en才能變成復數(shù)詞：例：oxoxen; childchildren; brotherbrethren十四、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復數(shù)詞例：analysisanalyses分析; basisbases基礎; datumdata數(shù)據(jù); footfeet;formulaformulae/formulas公式; goosegeese; louselice虱子; manmenmousemice; mediummedia/mediums媒介; memorandummemoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesisparentheses 圓括號; phenomenon

48、phenomena現(xiàn)象; radiusradii 半徑toothteeth; womanwomen十五、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復數(shù)不分的例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鮭魚; trout 鱒魚十六、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復數(shù)，但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery機械; news; scenery風景; sugar;traffic交通十七、另一些名詞則以復數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機會較多例：bellows風箱; clothes; police; shorts短褲; scissors

49、剪刀; spectacles眼鏡; shears大剪刀trousers長褲; wages工資十八、compound nouns，這類復數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳婦; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵艦; maid-servantmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law十九、若表達具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞例：pair(對，雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two p

50、airs of trousers二十、另外還有一些名詞，其復數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，例：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數(shù)形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以O結尾的詞，許多加es構成復數(shù)，特別是一些常用詞如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面幾類詞只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”結尾的詞如:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos 2.一些外來詞，特別是音樂方面的詞，如：pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos 3.一些縮寫詞和專有名詞，如：kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos 有個別詞加兩