結(jié)締組織、軟骨和骨

1、會計學(xué)1結(jié)締組織、軟骨和骨結(jié)締組織、軟骨和骨一、結(jié)締組織組成和分類膠態(tài) 固有結(jié)締組織半固態(tài) 軟骨組織固態(tài) 骨組織液態(tài) 血液Connectivetissue 細(xì)胞 cell細(xì)胞間質(zhì)Extracellular matrix纖維 fiber 基質(zhì)組織液廣義結(jié)締組織 固有結(jié)締組織 軟骨組織和骨組織血液和淋巴疏松結(jié)締組織致密結(jié)締組織脂肪組織網(wǎng)狀組織二、結(jié)締組織特點(diǎn)變移上皮結(jié)締組織的特點(diǎn)?靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)為纖維細(xì)胞（fibrocyte）粗面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng) The regenerative capacity of the connective tissue is clearly observed when tissues

2、are destroyed by inflammation炎癥 or traumatic injury挫傷. In these cases, the spaces are filled by co nnective tissue, which forms a scar. The healing of surgical incisions depends on the reparative capacity of connective tissue. The main cell type involved in repair is the fibroblast. during wound hea

3、ling, the fibrocyte reverts to the fibro- blast state, and its synthetic activities are reactivated. The myofibroblastis responsible for wound closure after tissue injury, a process called wound contraction傷口縮合.有許多有許多微絲和微微絲和微管管?？张萑?酶體殘 余體漿細(xì)胞由漿細(xì)胞由B B淋巴細(xì)胞淋巴細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化而來。轉(zhuǎn)化而來。釋放活性物質(zhì)(全身性） 過敏性休克皮膚 蕁麻疹呼吸道 哮喘，過敏性

4、鼻炎 胃腸道 惡心、嘔吐、 腹痛、腹瀉肥大細(xì)胞IgE抗原脫顆粒（組織胺、嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞趨化因子、肝素）白三烯胞質(zhì)中顆粒中未分化的間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞白細(xì)胞（主要是淋巴細(xì)胞和嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞） Increased vascular permeability is caused by the action of vasoactive substances; an example is histamine, which is liber-ated from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes. Increases in blood flow and vascular perme

5、ability are responsible for local swelling (edema), redness, and heat. Pain is due mainly to the action of chemical mediators on nerve endings. Chemotaxis (Gr. chemeia, alchemy, + taxis, orderly arrangement), the phenome non by which specific cell types are attracted by some molecules, is responsibl

6、e for the migration of large quantities of specific cell types to regions of inflammation. As a consequence of chemotaxis, leukocytes cross the walls of venules and capillaries by diapedesis血細(xì)胞滲出, invading the inflamed areas.分類分類膠原纖維膠原纖維彈性纖維彈性纖維網(wǎng)狀纖維網(wǎng)狀纖維形狀形狀顏色顏色電鏡結(jié)構(gòu)電鏡結(jié)構(gòu)分布肌腱、韌帶、L C T椎間盤、彈性軟骨基膜、器官支架功能韌

7、性大抗拉力 彈性大 支架具嗜銀性原膠原膠原纖維 In progressive systemic sclerosis進(jìn)行性系統(tǒng)性硬化病, almost all organs may present an excessive accumulation of collagen .This occurs mainly in the skin, digestive tract, muscles, and kidneys, causing hardening and functional impairment of the implicated organs. Keloid瘢痕疙瘩is a local s

8、welling caused by abnormal amounts of collagen that form in scars of the skin.Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency leads to scurvy壞血病, a disease characterized by the degeneration of connective tissue. Without this vitamin, fibroblasts synthesize defective collagen, and the defective fibers are not r

9、eplaced. 蛋白多糖聚合體示意圖 位于結(jié)締組織基質(zhì)內(nèi)，是以透明質(zhì)酸分子為主干，借蛋白質(zhì)分子與其他糖胺多糖相連接，形成的蛋白多糖聚合體，立體構(gòu)型呈帶有許多微小孔隙的篩狀結(jié)構(gòu)，起屏障作用。蛋白多糖-分子篩 molecular sieve規(guī)則n網(wǎng)狀組織：由網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞和網(wǎng)狀纖維構(gòu)成。軟骨膜軟骨細(xì)胞基質(zhì)分布: 肋軟骨、關(guān)節(jié)軟骨、呼吸道軟骨成分：膠原原纖維軟骨細(xì)胞彈性纖維軟骨基質(zhì)分布：耳廓、咽喉、會厭等處 結(jié)構(gòu)：彈性纖維膠原纖維束軟骨細(xì)胞軟骨基質(zhì)分布：恥骨聯(lián)合、椎間盤、關(guān)節(jié)盤結(jié)構(gòu)：膠原纖維束人 206塊骨參與構(gòu)成均由骨組織、骨膜和骨髓構(gòu)成功能：支持，保護(hù)，造血，貯鈣骨2、骨細(xì)胞單個分布于骨板內(nèi)或骨板間。骨細(xì)胞對骨基質(zhì)的更新和維持有重要作用。 骨切片示成骨細(xì)胞成骨細(xì)胞電鏡圖紋狀緣線粒體溶酶體吞飲泡粗面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)皺褶區(qū)長骨骨干結(jié)構(gòu)模式圖骨祖細(xì)胞骨細(xì)胞成骨細(xì)胞類骨質(zhì)）1、纖維軟骨中的纖維是A膠原原纖維 B膠原纖維束C網(wǎng)狀纖維 D張力原纖維 E膠原纖維2、下列對成骨細(xì)胞的描述，哪項正確A分布于骨質(zhì)內(nèi) B胞質(zhì)嗜酸性C由間