高中定語從句知識點匯總

1、定語從句知識點匯總一、先行詞二、關(guān)系詞1 .關(guān)系代詞：2 .關(guān)系副詞：三、分類1 .限制性定語從句：對先行詞有限制，區(qū)分的作用，并與先行詞有著不可分割的關(guān)系，不能省略2 .非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明的作用，可省略不會影響主句的意思，與主句用逗號隔開3.區(qū)別:限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，刪除后會影響整個句子意思的表達(dá)不用逗號分開可用關(guān)系代詞that關(guān)系代詞可省略（that,which,who在從句中作賓語可以省略）關(guān)系代詞可以替代，whom乍賓語時可用who或that替代讀時不停頓只可以修飾名詞或代詞，不可修飾句子4.非限制性定語從句的特殊情況4.1有些既可以做限制

2、性，又可以做非限制性的定語從句，其含義不同There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China.There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China.5.關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句四、關(guān)系詞的用法1.which,thatwhich指物，在從句中作主語，賓語that指人或物，指人可與 who, whom互換；指物可與 which互換2.who,whom從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞詞前，whom作賓語，不能用

3、who代替In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.先行詞為指人的one,ones,anyone 或 those 時， 關(guān)系代詞用who； 雙重定語從句中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個指人的關(guān)系代詞用who。3.whose表示“的”?？芍溉嘶蛭铩Ｓ脕碇肝飼r，whose+ 名詞 =限定詞+名詞+of which=of which+ 限定詞+名詞The house whose windows face south is ours.The house the window of which face sout

4、h is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours.4 . as作為關(guān)系代詞可指人或物，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語。一般用于 suchas、the sameas、asas結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“像的意思We have found such materials as are used in their factory.They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.He is not the same man as he was.4.1 the same.as

5、/that. 和such.as/that the same.as/that.as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句往往側(cè)重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought.that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句側(cè)重指同一個對象：I met the same person that I saw that day. such.as/thatas 引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，賓語等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think.that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop tha

6、t we almost hit him.4.2 as 和 which 的區(qū)別都可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換 as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which 只能位于主句之后 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句為否定句或謂語帶的是復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)時，用which 來引導(dǎo)He criticized Mary in public,which she doesn t like at all.He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy. 先行詞作主語且定語從句為被動語態(tài)時，通常用 as 不用 which ； 如果從句中行

7、為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用 which 作主語She passed the exam, as was expected.Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy. 當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，通常用which 不用 asTom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry. 固定搭配：as we know/as is known to allas we all can seeas has been said before/aboveas might

8、be expectedas is often the case 在從句中作介詞賓語時，只能用whichShe might possibly come,in which case I ll tell you.5 . 只用 that 不用 which5.1 當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,little,few,everything 等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。5.2 當(dāng)先行詞被the only,the last,the very 等修飾時。5.3 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。5.4 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。5.5 當(dāng)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。5.6 當(dāng)主句的主語

9、是疑問詞who或which時。5.7 當(dāng)先行詞是主句的表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時：Jack is not the man that he was.5.8 當(dāng)主句以here,there開頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時。6 .只用 which不用that6.1 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。6.2 在非限制性定語從句中。6.3 先行詞本身是that,those (指物)或雙重定語從句中其中一個已用關(guān)系代詞that時。6.4 先行詞后有插入語時。Here is the CD which,as I have told you, is a great help to you.7 .只用who不用that7.1 先行

10、詞為表示人的不定代詞anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,no one 時。7.2 先行詞為those且指人時。7.3 在指人的非限制性定語從句中。8 .which/that/what連接詞 what可以看作關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的結(jié)合，即 what=the person/place/thing which/that 。表示“所.的。what不引導(dǎo)定語從句，而是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)句子，沒有先行詞，起名詞作用。What引導(dǎo)賓語從句可以和that引導(dǎo)的定語從句互換。Tell me anything (that) you k

11、now.=Tell me what you know.9 .介詞+關(guān)系代詞既能夠引導(dǎo)限制性，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。指物用 which ,指人用whom。介詞不可省略，如果 要省略，必須將介詞放在從句句末。9.1 介詞的確定根據(jù)定語從句中動詞，形容詞所需要的習(xí)慣搭配來確定。根據(jù)先行詞搭配的具體含義來確定。根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。9.2 介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的變式介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式She must have time in which she could grow calm.(=in which to grow calm)Franks dream is to have his own ga

12、rden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers.(=in which to producemany beautiful flowers) 名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldnt understand completely.There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.10.關(guān)系副詞:作時間犬語:when=at/

13、in/on/during which作地點犬語:where=in/at/to/on which作原因大語:why=for which10.1 辨析 The reason why./The reason that./The reason is that.The reason why.中why引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，why在句子中作原因狀語，可以替換成for which。The reason that.中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句， that不作成分，that后面的內(nèi)容說明reason的內(nèi)容。The reason is that.是that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，不能用because,以免重復(fù)。五、其他1 .主

14、謂一致：從句中的謂語動詞要和先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。在(the) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中的謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是在the one of +復(fù)數(shù)形式或the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。2 .關(guān)系詞的省略與不可省略：2.1 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作動詞的賓語，表語時可以省略2.2 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞在從句句尾時2.3 非限制性定從中的關(guān)系代詞不可省略2.4 介詞+關(guān)系代詞中的關(guān)系代詞不可省略2.5 表示時間的名詞后關(guān)系副詞可以省略，如 the time,the moment2.6 表示地點名詞后關(guān)系副詞可以

15、省略，如 the place2.7 先行詞the reason后面的關(guān)系副詞可以省略2.8 先行詞為way (方法，手段)時，關(guān)系副詞可以省略3 .如何判斷定語從句和同位語從句3.1 根據(jù)that在從句中是否作成分來判斷：that在定語從句中擔(dān)任成分，在同位語從句中不做成分。The news(that)he told me yesterday is not true.The news that he singer will come here is not true.3.2 根據(jù)意思來判斷：在引導(dǎo)詞前加is后，如果句子成立就是同位語從句，否則是定語從句。The news is (that) h

16、e told me yesterday. 句子不成立The news is that the singer will come here. 句子成立4 .定語從句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閕ng和ed形式4.1 直接轉(zhuǎn)化為ing或ed形式，去掉定語從句中who/which is/was/are/were.The boy (who is ) playing the piano is from London.I like this film,(which was) directed by Zhang Yimou.4.2 將句子中的動詞進(jìn)行ing形式轉(zhuǎn)化 The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year.=The number of people learning Chinese rises each year. My grandfather,who hasn t been