現(xiàn)在完成時的用法和過去式

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時的用法和過去式的主要區(qū)別：1.概念上的區(qū)別：一般過去時：表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時，表示發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果；過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只是簡單表明在過去某個時間in 1998去過桂林這一事實，除此以外別無其他)Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。（造成的結(jié)果是，Jill現(xiàn)在

2、有了一臺新電腦）The plane has already arrived. 飛機已經(jīng)抵達了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒。） The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飛機是一刻鐘以前抵達的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。）第一種：對目前造成的影響；發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果；Have you seen the film? （A）Did you see the film? （B）說明 你看過這部電影嗎？（A）句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；（B）句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。第二種：過去某一時間開始并

3、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A）He lived in Beijing for 8 years. （B）說明他在北京住了8年。（A）句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。2. 結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：+have/has+動詞的(p.p)（V-ed） 肯定句：主語+have/has+的過去分詞(p.p)（V-ed）+賓語. He has finished it. They have worked it out.否定句：主語+

4、have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞(p.p)（V-ed）+賓語. He hasnt finished it. They have worked it out.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞(p.p)（V-ed）+賓語.Has he finished it? Yes, he has; No he hasntHave they have worked it out? Yes, I have; No I havent ：特殊疑問詞或詞組+have/has+主語+過去分詞（v-ed）+其他）Where have they been? They have been to Yun

5、nan.一般過去式：主語動詞的過去式（肯定式）He did it. We hoped to go there.主語did not 動詞原形（否定式）He didnt do it. They werent there yesterday.Did主語動詞的原形（疑問式）Did he do it? Yes, he did. No, he didnt過去分詞的概念：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成：v+ed, 如work-worked；study-studied；finish-finished 不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成：如be-been；have-had；hear-heard；do-done動詞的過去分詞和動

6、詞的過去式不是一個概念注意：不規(guī)則的動詞過去分詞和過去式有時候一樣，有時候不一樣；have-had-had; do-did-done; see-saw-seen; be-was/were-been過去分詞的變化規(guī)則： 規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī)則：(1)一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”： work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”：live-lived-lived , (3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?&qu

7、ot;i" ，再加“ ed ”：study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”： stop-stopped-stopped , drop-droppeddropped.3.句子中所用時間詞語的區(qū)別 一般過去時：通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)； last night (week, month, year)；一段時間+ago(several days ago)、 two day

8、s ago、a week ago,；in 2002，(in 1990, in 1997，in July)等；just now, at that time/moment, then , long long ago例子：He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother didnt work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer? My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I w

9、as a student, I often listened to music.Three months ago, they were still students.現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already（已經(jīng)）, yet（已經(jīng)）, just（剛）, before（之前）, recently（最近）, lately（近來），ever（曾經(jīng)）等副詞；其中already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問句和否定句中）He has already obtained（獲得） a scholarship.他已經(jīng)獲得了獎學金。He has

10、just had his meal他剛吃過飯。Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎？I havent seen much of him recently (lately).我最近沒太看到他。We have seen that film before. 我們之前看過那部電影。Have they found the missing child yet？他們已經(jīng)找到了那個丟失的孩子了嗎？for + 時間段 如: for ten years時間點 如: since nine oclocksince 時間段 + ago 如: since ten years ago

11、 一般過去時態(tài)從句(主句是現(xiàn)在完成時) 如: since you came since you got home例如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我們在這個城市里已經(jīng)生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我們從 1958 年起就住在這個城市里。Have you seen her parents these days? 這些天你看見她的父母了嗎？ Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.非延續(xù)性動詞即瞬間動詞不能用于“現(xiàn)在完成時表示一段時間的狀語”的句型中。這類動詞有：come， go， start， leave， die， buy， finish， borrow等。例如：buy havejoin be in/be a member of close be closedborrow keepopen be open，become bepu