現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法和過(guò)去式

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法和過(guò)去式的主要區(qū)別：1.概念上的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果；過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過(guò)桂林。(只是簡(jiǎn)單表明在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間in 1998去過(guò)桂林這一事實(shí)，除此以外別無(wú)其他)Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。（造成的結(jié)果是，Jill現(xiàn)在

2、有了一臺(tái)新電腦）The plane has already arrived. 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)抵達(dá)了。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒。） The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前抵達(dá)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去。）第一種：對(duì)目前造成的影響；發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果；Have you seen the film? （A）Did you see the film? （B）說(shuō)明 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎？（A）句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問(wèn)者對(duì)劇情是否了解；（B）句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過(guò)，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。第二種：過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并

3、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A）He lived in Beijing for 8 years. （B）說(shuō)明他在北京住了8年。（A）句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過(guò)8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。2. 結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：+have/has+動(dòng)詞的(p.p)（V-ed） 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+的過(guò)去分詞(p.p)（V-ed）+賓語(yǔ). He has finished it. They have worked it out.否定句：主語(yǔ)+

4、have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(p.p)（V-ed）+賓語(yǔ). He hasnt finished it. They have worked it out.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(p.p)（V-ed）+賓語(yǔ).Has he finished it? Yes, he has; No he hasntHave they have worked it out? Yes, I have; No I havent ：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞（v-ed）+其他）Where have they been? They have been to Yun

5、nan.一般過(guò)去式：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（肯定式）He did it. We hoped to go there.主語(yǔ)did not 動(dòng)詞原形（否定式）He didnt do it. They werent there yesterday.Did主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的原形（疑問(wèn)式）Did he do it? Yes, he did. No, he didnt過(guò)去分詞的概念：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成：v+ed, 如work-worked；study-studied；finish-finished 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成：如be-been；have-had；hear-heard；do-done動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)

6、詞的過(guò)去式不是一個(gè)概念注意：不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式有時(shí)候一樣，有時(shí)候不一樣；have-had-had; do-did-done; see-saw-seen; be-was/were-been過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)則： 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則：(1)一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”： work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”：live-lived-lived , (3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?&qu

7、ot;i" ，再加“ ed ”：study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”： stop-stopped-stopped , drop-droppeddropped.3.句子中所用時(shí)間詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)； last night (week, month, year)；一段時(shí)間+ago(several days ago)、 two day

8、s ago、a week ago,；in 2002，(in 1990, in 1997，in July)等；just now, at that time/moment, then , long long ago例子：He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother didnt work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer? My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I w

9、as a student, I often listened to music.Three months ago, they were still students.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如already（已經(jīng)）, yet（已經(jīng)）, just（剛）, before（之前）, recently（最近）, lately（近來(lái)），ever（曾經(jīng)）等副詞；其中already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中）He has already obtained（獲得） a scholarship.他已經(jīng)獲得了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。He has

10、just had his meal他剛吃過(guò)飯。Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京嗎？I havent seen much of him recently (lately).我最近沒(méi)太看到他。We have seen that film before. 我們之前看過(guò)那部電影。Have they found the missing child yet？他們已經(jīng)找到了那個(gè)丟失的孩子了嗎？for + 時(shí)間段 如: for ten years時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如: since nine oclocksince 時(shí)間段 + ago 如: since ten years ago

11、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)從句(主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 如: since you came since you got home例如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市里已經(jīng)生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我們從 1958 年起就住在這個(gè)城市里。Have you seen her parents these days? 這些天你看見(jiàn)她的父母了嗎？ Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞即瞬間動(dòng)詞不能用于“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”的句型中。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：come， go， start， leave， die， buy， finish， borrow等。例如：buy havejoin be in/be a member of close be closedborrow keepopen be open，become bepu