山東蒙陰2014年中考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：名詞1

1、山東省蒙陰縣2014年中考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：名詞語法項(xiàng)目名詞的分類一、考點(diǎn)梳理1.名次分類：名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞，專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing,China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book,sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：1）個(gè)體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun。2）集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family。3）物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：air。4）抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計(jì)算，稱為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和

2、抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞。2.名詞的數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化：一般情況力口-s清輔音后讀/s/map-maps濁輔音和元音后讀/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾力口-es讀/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等結(jié)尾力口-s讀/iz/license-licenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i再加es讀/z/baby-babies名詞復(fù)數(shù)特殊形式1）以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加工變復(fù)效.例如工twoMarystheHenrysmonkey-monkeyshotday*-holidays2

3、）以。結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)二a,加Si如：photo-photospiano-pianosradioradioszoo-zoos；b,加es,如，potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc.上述a和七兩種方法均可，如工時(shí)口-班口£/加小.3）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)工a,加熱如；beilief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf-gulfs；b去frfe加vesi如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves；1.3名詞

4、復(fù)數(shù)c上述a和h兩種方法均可，如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchievesn的不規(guī)則變化1）child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意：Englishman,twoEnglishmeno但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmans。2）單復(fù)同形，如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊

5、、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以說aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanesetheSwiss等名詞，表示國民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞

6、，如：a.maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。b. news為不可數(shù)名詞。c. theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書。5）表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses（眼鏡）trousers,clothe

7、s等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞pair（對(duì)，雙）;suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚。1.4 不可數(shù)名詞量的表示a.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞時(shí)為可數(shù)。比較：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一種食物。（不可數(shù)）Thesecakesaresweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。（可數(shù)）b.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可數(shù)）Weneedvarioussteels.（可數(shù)

8、）c.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我國因茶葉而聞名。Twoteas,please.請來兩杯茶。2）抽象名詞表示具體的事例時(shí)也可數(shù)。例如：物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice一則建議。1.5 .定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。1）用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：sportsmeeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)studentsreading-room學(xué)生閱覽室talkstable談判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment夕卜語系2）man,woman,ge

9、ntleman等作定語時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials3）有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時(shí)，s保留。例如：goodstrain（貨車）armsproduce武器生產(chǎn)customspapers海關(guān)文件clothesbrush衣刷4）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：two-dozeneggs兩打雞蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees兩百棵樹afive-yearplan.一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃1.6不同國籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)1）中、日、葡萄牙單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：Chinesef

10、Chinese中國人JapanesefJapanese日本人PortuguesefPortuguese葡萄牙人2）英法將man變?yōu)閙en.如：EnglishanfEnglishmen英國人FrenchmanfFrenchmen法國人3）其他一般加-s.如：AustralianfAustralians澳大利亞人AmericanfAmericans美國人RussianfRussians俄羅斯人GermanfGermans德國人CanadianfCansdiansIndianfIndians度人3.名詞所有格英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式

11、稱為該名詞的所有格，如：ateacher'sbook。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：名詞所有格：1.'s所有格的構(gòu)成和用法2.of所有格的構(gòu)成和用法3.雙重所有格：1）.of+名詞所有格2）.of+名詞性物主代詞注意:1）表示有生命的人或物的名詞，所有格一般在名詞后加飛表示無生命的事物的名詞，通常采用口f+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系口但表示時(shí)間、距離國家等無生命的名詞所有格也可以加's構(gòu)成，in：todayshumewoik今天的家庭作業(yè)twohour'snde兩個(gè)小時(shí)的車程2.）表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時(shí)，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞有時(shí)可以省略，如：atthedoc

12、tors在診所gotothebarber去理發(fā)店4名詞的語法作用：1）作主語2）作表語3）作賓語4）作實(shí)補(bǔ)5）作定語注意*1）名祠作定語時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)形式，iDipapa-ligers紙老虎schoolgates學(xué)校的門口但woman和man在句中作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，它（門的單復(fù)數(shù)要與后面的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，如womenteachers女老師；menworicers男員工,Sport作定諳,一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，加：sportsshoes運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋；sportsmeeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)2）.夏合名詞“數(shù)次+名詞J形容詞了結(jié)構(gòu)作定于是，中間的名詞需要用單數(shù)形式.如工a100-meterrace百米賽跑an8-ye

13、ar-oldboy一個(gè)8歲的男孩a5-poundnote張5英鎊的延幣a20-story-highbuilding一座20層的高樓二、中考鏈接1、22013.溫州）一Ilikereading.Metoo,IespeciallylikethewritingbyJ.K.Rowling.A、homeworksB、numbersC、moviesD、books2、（2013.重慶）Excuseme,wheredidyougetthebook?-Iborroweditformthe.A、cinemaB、libraryC、parkD、station3、（2013.濱州）一Doyouthinktheofthi

14、sskirtsuitsme?Ofcourse!Youalwayslookbeautifulinred.A、sizeBdesignCpriceDcolor4、 （2013.麗水）Beinghonestisthefirstifyouwanttomakefriendswithothers.AstepBtimeCjobDhand5、 （2013.麗水）Tommy,youcanneverletothersknowwhatIhavetoldyoutoday.-Don'tworry.Iwillkeepthe.6、（2012.泰州）-Thepeopleinwesterncountriescelebra

15、tebymarkingpumpkinlanternsandwearingspecialcostumeswithmasks.AChristmasBHalloweenCthanksgivingdayDNewYear'sDay7、 （2012.東營）一The3rdChina;sGotTalent（中國達(dá)人秀）givesthechildachancetoshowhisspecial.AabilityBbehaviorCeducationDbackground8、 （2012.昆明）-Mysisterhasapenpal.Sheisform.ACanadaBJapaneseCEnglishDAu

16、stralian9、（2012.六盤水）一Doyoulike?No.Ilikeblue.AorangeBapplesCflowersDmilk10、（2011.資陽）Therearesomanyoverthere.What'shappening?-Let'sgotohavealook.AflowerBcarCchildDpeople11. （2012.遵義）AlltheinourschoolenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8thbecauseitwastheirownholiday.A.MenteachersB.WomenteachersC.Womenteach

17、er12. （2013.濟(jì)源）Thankstohishard,LuXunproducedlotsoffamousinhislife.A.Work;worksB.works;workC.work;workD.works;works13. （2012.恩施）Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?It'sabouttwentywalk.A.minutes'sB.Minutes'C.Minutes14. （2012.桂林）Myskirtisonthechair.A.SistersB.SisterC.SistersD.Sister's15. （20

18、12.賀州）Mary'sskirtisthesaneasher.A.SistersB.BrotherC.BrotherD.Sister's16. （2011.安順）Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikeintime?A.50years'B.50year'sC.50-years'D.50-years17. （2013.東北）Whosecomputerdoesn'twork?,ithink.A.JohnhasB.JohndoesC.JohnD.John's18. （2013.德井I）A/ancanusehisdrawi

19、ngstotellaboutbeautifulmountains,theblueseaandmanyotherthings.A.ActorB.ScientistC.ArtistD.Doctor19. （2012.天津）It'ssaidthatmorethan100willattendthismeetinginShanghai.A.manteachersB.WomanteachersC.MenteachersD.Womansteachers20. （2013.長沙）Thewomanbehindthegirlsafamousactress.A.isB.areC.haveD.has三、綜合訓(xùn)

20、練（50個(gè)題目）A.選擇題：1. Tomorrowis.Let'sbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeacherDayB.Teacher'sDayC.Teachers'DayD.theTeachersDay2. Wehavetotalktohergrandpaloudlybecausethere'ssomethingwrongwiththeoldman's.A.eyesB.teethC.throatD.ears3. Whatdoesyourfatherdo,lily?Heis.Hisjobistomakesurethatdr

21、iversobeythetrafficrulers.A.AnactorB.apolicemanC.AwaiterD.Areporter4. MyEnglishteachervisitedAustralialastsummer.Whichcitydidhevisit?.A.ParisB.WashingtonCLondonD.Sydeney.5. WhynotgototheYellowMountainonNationalDay,Jim?I'mafraidit'snotagood.Ihavebeentheretwice.A.wayB.placeC.adviceD.idea6. Cou

22、ldyoutellmehowtoremembernewwordsquickly?Yes,Ithinkatreecanhelpyoualot.A.grammarB.equation.C.punctuationD.vocabulary7. Excuseme.What'stheusuallyusedfor?It'susedforprotectingpeoplefromtherain.A.raincoatB.mirrorC.shelf8. Didyouenjoythe?Yes,itwasdelicious.A.partyB.mealC.trip.9. Mr.LiregardsNingx

23、iaashissecondbecausehehasbeenhereforovertwentyyears.AfamilyBhouseCroomDhome10. TheylikeChineseA.foodandpeoplesB.foodandpeopleC.foodandpeopleD.foodsandpeoples11. Loudnoisemaycausehearingforashorttimeorevenforever.AresultsBquestionsCaccidentsDproblems12. Stopmakingsomush.Thechildrenaresleeping.A.voice

24、B.noiseC.Sound13. ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'sfarmandsawmanythere.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit.14. Oh,dear!Thereisn'tenoughforusinthelift.Nohurry.Let'swaitforthenext.A.floor.B.seatC.roomD.ground15. Thelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.Teeths16. Pleaseremembertogivethehor

25、sesometree.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave17. Hegaveusonhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice18. whosedeskisthis?Isitthe?Yes,itis.A.twinsTomandTony'sB.twin'sTom'sandTony'sC.twins'TomandTony'sD.twins'Tom'sandTony19. Mom,couldyoupassmesome?It'sdelic

26、ious.Ok,butonlyalittle.A.butterB.applesC.tomatoesD.sandwiches20. couldyougivemeonhowtolearnEnglishwell?A.anadviceB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.someadvices21. CanIhelpyou?I2likeformytwindaughters.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoeD.Twopairofshoes22. Hereissomeonthebestcitiesforyourstudyinga

27、broad.A.informationB.ideaC.suggestionD.exam23.Inourschool,thenumberofwomenteacherslargerandlarger.A.isB.areC.beD.been24.AwomanwithtwochildrenalongthestreetatthemomentA.iswalkingB.arewalkingC.walkD.walks25.Betweenthetwohillsadeepriver.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is26. Howsooncanyoufinishthisjob?Twodaysenoughfo

28、rme,.Ineedaweek.A.isn'tB.aren'tC.is27. Oneofmypetdogsplayingwithcats.It'sreallyastrangething.A.enjoysB.enjoyC.enjoyedD.enjoying28. Wecanseemanyandonthehill.A.horses;sheepB.horse;sheepC.horses;sheepsD.horse;sheeps29. Don'tbeangry.Heisonlyaboy.A.eight-year-oldB.three-year-oldC.two-year

29、s-old30. Theofmosttreeswillfallinautumn.A.leafB.leafsC.leavesD.leaveB.填空題:1. Therearethree(key)onthetable.2. Ihavealotof(作業(yè))統(tǒng)部everyday.3. His(褲子)arenew,butmineareold.4. Treesareplantedinmostofthemountainsbyv5. Therearetwooverthere,(vatch)6. Iliketaking(photo).7. Icanseeaandtwostandingthere.(man,woma

30、n).8. Lookatthose(child)9. Hedoesn'tlikethose(glass).10. Howmanycanyousee?(radio).11. Jione1ffLisDayallovertheworld12. TherearemoreandmoredriversinShanghainaw.(woman)13. Givemesome,please.(water)14. ExcusemeTareyuu?YesJamfrom.(Japan)15. Thelittleboyhastwobad(tooth),soheneedstoseethe(牙醫(yī))16. Someg

31、irlsliketowear(scarf)oncolddays.17. HeHk器(potato),buthedoesn'tlike(potato)noodles.13.MrBrownsufferedaserious(ill)15. Therearesome(different)betweenmytwinbrotherandme20. Moreandmore(tour)cometoChinaeveryyear.四、語篇選句填空Doyouliketotellstories?Doyouliketowrite?Sometimesthosequestionshavetwodifferentan

32、swers.1 However,itcanbehardtowritethemdownonpaper.2Everprofessionalwritersdonotwriteeverythingperfectlythefirsttime.Theyhavetorevisetheirwork.Whenyoureviseyourwriting,youlookforwaystochangeitthatwillmakeitbetter.3Youmakesurethatyouhaveusedcapitals,periodsandotherpunctuationmarksinthebestway.Youlookf

33、orwordsthatcanbetakenoutorchangedfordifferent,moreexcitingwords.Youmakesurethatyourwordshelpthereadergetapictureinhismindwhenhereadsthem.Writingisoneofthoseskillsthattakepractice.Thechangesyoumakecanturnboringwordsintoexcitingwords.4_Don"tbeafraidtomakechanges.Thefirsttimeyouwriteonatopic,youge

34、tyourideasdownonpaper.5_It'smakingitreadyforreaderstoenjoy.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選出五個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。答案E用“AB”表示，答案F用CD”表不。A. Youcheckyourspelling.B. Revisingyourwritingisimportant.C. ManychildrenlovetotellstoriesoutloudD. Revisingyourwritingiscleaningitup.E. Itcanmakeyourideascomealive.B.C.D.E.F.G五、閱讀表達(dá)Mum

35、,Ihateyou.Idon'tneedanewschoolbagorclothes.I'mnotafraidofbeinghitbyyou.Ionlywantyoutocomeback.”WhenChenJinyingreadherdaughter'sletter,shecouldn'thelpcrying.Chenandherhusbandarenowworkingfarawayfromtheirhometown.Theirdaughter,XiaoLi,islookedbyhergrandparents.LikeChen,manymigrantworker

36、s(夕卜來務(wù)工人員)aredreamingaboutabetterlife,sotheyhavetoleavetheirchildrenbehind.Accordingtoasurvey,therearenowabout61millionleft-behindchildren(留守兒童inpoorareasinChina.Thishasbroughtaboutmanyproblems.Thesechildrencarelittleaboutothers.Theydonotdowellatschool.Theylackconfidence.Luckily,manyChinesearenowthi

37、nkingaboutthelifeoftheleft-behindchildren,andactionshavebeentakentohelpsolvetheproblem.AcharityeventtookplaceinBeijingbeforeChildren'sDay.Itsaimwastoraisesocialawareness(意識(shí))ofleft-behindchildren.Theeventwasheldtoraisemoneyfrombusinessesandthepublictoprepare”lovebags”.Insidethebags,therearethings

38、forchildren,includingbooks,torches,andenvelopesandstampssothatchildrencanwritetotheirparents.TheeventwasstartedbyChenweihong,atelevisionhostinChina."Theleft-behindchildrendon'thaveenoughparentalloveandfamilycare.Theyneedtobeintouchwiththeirparents.Wehopeourlovebagswillhelpthemcommunicatewit

39、htheirparents,andmakethemhappier."hesaid.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問題：1 .WhoislookingafterXiaoLi?2 .Howmanyleft-behindchildrenarethereinpoorareasinChinaaccordingtoasurvey?3 .Haveactionsbeentakentohelpsolvetheproblem?4 .Wheredidthecharityeventtakeplace?5WhydidChenWeihongstartthecharityevent?.六、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用括號(hào)內(nèi)

40、所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，必要時(shí)可加助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。ThefirstchocolatewasenjoyedbythepeopleinCentralandSouthAmericahundredsofyearsago.Inthosedays,thecocoabean(可可豆)wasusedtomakeachocolatedrink.Muchlaterit(bring)toEurope.In1824,Mr.CadburyopenedasmallshopintheUnitedKingdom.Hesoldchocolatedrink.Mr.Cadburysaid,“WineisbadandIwant(e

41、ncourage)peopletodrinkchocolateinstead,soI(open)afactorytomakechocolatedrinkinthefuture."In1831,heopenedone.Afewyearslater,aman(invent)awaytomakechocolatebars(塊),andsopeoplehadthechancetoeatchocolateinsteadofonlydrinkingit.Atfirstonlydarkchocolatewasmade.Milkchocolatecamelateranditwasmadeby(add

42、)milktothechocolate.Mr.Cadburymadetheirfirstmilkchocolatebarin1897.Theirmostfamouschocolate,Cadbury'sMilkBarwasmadein1905.It(be)popularforover100years.TheCadbutyfactorystill-(馬克)chocolateintheUnitedKingdom,andthechocolateiseatenallovertheworld.Everyyear,thousandsofvisitorsgotothefactory(see)howc

43、hocolateismade...9.10.七、選詞填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語填空，使語意通順完整。每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只能使用一次，有兩項(xiàng)剩余。請將答案標(biāo)號(hào)寫在短文后面的橫線上。A.beB.tiringC.seaD.vacationE.differenceF.hurryG.usuallyH.riverI.butJ.almostK.tourL.visitEverysummerCarolhasatwo-weekvacation.Sheusuallytravelsalotbyherselfduringherandvisitsnewplaces.LastAugustshe

44、inEurope.Europewasverybeautiful,hervacationwasn'tverynice.Shewasonaoffourcountries,andshewasineachcountryonlyforthreedays.shetoomanymuseumsandwasalwaysina.Carolwasonatrainoronabuseveryday.Afterhervacationshewasandbored.Thissummersheisgoingtospendhervacationinaway.Sheisgoingtotravelwiththreefrien

45、dstoonecountryinAsiaandvisitonlyonecity.Theywillstaythereforsevendaysandtheyaregoingtochooseacitynearthesothattheycangoswimmingandhavepicnicsonthebeach.Itmustbeahappyexperience...9.10.八、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，在每個(gè)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)木渥?，使?duì)話完整、合乎情景。6.A:Hi,Tonl.Ididn'tseeyoulastSunday.Didyougoonthescho

46、oltrip?B:.Istayedathome.A: Oh,really?(2)?B: BecauseIhadalotofthingstodo.A: (3)?B: Icleanedmyroomanddidmyhomework.ThenIwatchedTVA:Notmuchfun,Ithink.B:Well,itwasn'tverybad.Iplayedbasketballthatafternoon.Wastheschooltripinteresting?A: (4).Wewenttotheparkandthezoo.Wehadaverygoodtime.B: (5)?A:Wecamebackata