上課英語語法——代詞的用法

1、 英語代詞的用法英語代詞的用法一、定義與分類一、定義與分類l代詞是代替名詞及起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。代詞根據(jù)其意思和用法可分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞九類。不定代詞一直是英語的重點(diǎn)。二：人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞二：人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞l這三種代詞都有人稱（一、二、三人稱）的變化、數(shù)（單、復(fù)數(shù)）的變化，以及性（陰性、陽(yáng)性、中性）的變化。其中，人稱代詞除了這三種變化外，還有格（主格、賓格）的變化。l物主代詞又包括兩種形式：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。l特別注意：形容詞性物主代詞its沒有相應(yīng)的名詞性物主代詞。人稱

2、人稱單復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù)主主 格格賓賓 格格形容詞性形容詞性物主代詞物主代詞名詞性名詞性物主代詞物主代詞反身代詞反身代詞第一第一人稱人稱單單 數(shù)數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二第二人稱人稱單單 數(shù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三第三人稱人稱單單 數(shù)數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits無無itself復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves這這三種代詞的形式三種代詞的形式變化表如下變化表如

3、下 三、人稱代詞的用法三、人稱代詞的用法l 1) 定義定義：人稱代詞是用來指代人、動(dòng)物或事物的代詞。它必須在人稱(第一人稱、第二人稱、及第三人稱)、數(shù)（單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)）以及性（陰性、陽(yáng)性、中性）三方面與被指代的名詞一致。l 如：I am a student. l Tom is a boy, and he is a student.l Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.l The boys are students, and they are in the room.l The doy is small. It is Toms.l2）人稱代詞的句法

4、功能）人稱代詞的句法功能l人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分：主格用作主語，賓格用作賓語（賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者）。lB) 人稱代詞的主格形式在在句中作主語和表語（表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于連系動(dòng)詞（be, become, appear, seem等）之后）。 l如: I like music(主語). She is a teacher.(主語)lShe and I are good friends(主語).lNeither she nor I am student.lI saw

5、the boys this morning.lAre you sure it was they(表語)?lIt might have been she.lC) 人稱代詞的賓格在句子作動(dòng)詞的賓語，或者介詞的賓語。l如：I saw him at the party(賓語).lI havent seen them recently.(賓語)lI bought a book for them.(作介詞賓語)l=I bought them a book.(間接賓語)四、物主代詞的用法四、物主代詞的用法l 1）定義）定義：l 物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞在句中只用作定語（定

6、語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。），相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，不能單獨(dú)使用；名詞性物主代詞則不能用作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組，可以單獨(dú)使用，在句中用作主語、賓語、表語、和介詞of連用。如：l Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容詞性物主代詞） l My sister lost her bicycle. （形容詞性物主代詞） l Is that coffee yours or hers? (名詞性物主代詞)l 2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能名詞性物主代詞的句法功能 l a. 作主語l 如： May I use your pen? Yours works

7、 better. l b. 作賓語l 如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours. l 我愛我的祖國(guó)就像你愛你的祖國(guó)一樣深。l c. 作介詞賓語l I am writing with your pen, not with mine.l d. 作表語l 如：My life is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命屬于你，屬于你，屬于你。l 3） 形容詞性物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞的用法l A) 形容詞性物主代詞與形容詞一起修飾名詞時(shí),其順序是:形容詞性物主代詞+形容詞+名詞。如:l my new bike

8、我的新自行車l her young son 她年幼的兒子l B) 形容詞性物主代詞所修飾的名詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。如:l my pen 我的鋼筆l his books 他的書l C) 形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨(dú)使用,它后面必須跟名詞,即在名詞前作定語。l 如: 這是我的鋼筆.l 誤This pen is my.l 正This is my pen.lD) 當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞性物主代詞修飾時(shí),不能再用冠詞a, an或the來修飾名詞。如:l那是我的自行車.l誤That is my a bike. / That is a my bike.l正That is my bike.lE）當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞性

9、物主代詞修飾時(shí),不能再用指示代詞this, that, these或those來修飾名詞。l如:他們的電腦在這兒。l誤Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.)l正Their computers are here. 注意注意：l A) 名詞性物主代詞后不能跟名詞，或代詞one。它總是單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)在句中。l 如：The umbrella is mine.l He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. l B) 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 l 為避免重復(fù)使用名詞，有時(shí)可用

10、“名詞性物主代詞”來代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。 l 如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. l 為避免重復(fù)使用bag，可寫成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. l C) 名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的 -s屬格結(jié)構(gòu).l 如： Jacks cap 意為 The cap is Jacks. l His cap 意為 The cap is his. l D) 可以說 a frie

11、nd of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friends；但是不能說 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。l E) 有時(shí)同一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)用不用物主代詞會(huì)導(dǎo)致含義的變化。如：l Dont lose heart. 別灰心l She lost her heart to Jim. 她愛上了吉姆。五、反身代詞的用法五、反身代詞的用法l 1）定義：）定義：l 如人稱代詞一致，反身代詞的人稱和數(shù)以及性要和它所指代的名詞或代詞一致。l 2）反身代詞的句法功能）反身代詞的句法功能l 反身代詞可用作賓語、同

12、位語、表語等。用作同位語時(shí)，主要用于加強(qiáng)被修飾詞的語氣，可緊放在被修飾名詞后或句末。l 如：l He himself was a doctor. (同位語)l =He was a doctor himself.l She is too young to look after herself. （賓語）l I dont blame you, I blame myself(賓語).l He cut himself when he was cooking.(賓語)l That poor boy was myself.（表語）l 那個(gè)可憐的孩子就是我自己。注意注意： l反身代詞用于 be, feel,

13、 seem, look 等后作表語表示身體或精神所處的狀態(tài)。如：lIll be myself again in no time. 我一會(huì)兒就會(huì)好的。lHe doesnt feel himself today.lIm not quite myself these days. 我近來身體不大舒服。 六指示代詞的用法六指示代詞的用法l1）指示代詞分單數(shù)（this / that）和復(fù)數(shù)（these / those）兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞，例如：l 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)l 限定詞：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.l 代 詞：This is Mar

14、y. Those are my teachers.l 2）指示代詞的句法功能）指示代詞的句法功能l 指示代詞主要有四個(gè)，即this, that, these 和 those。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z、賓語、表語、定語等。l This is my book.(主語)l I want that.(賓語)l My book is that.(表語)l I like that dress.(定語)七、不定代詞的用法七、不定代詞的用法l 1）定義：）定義：l 不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。l 2）種類：）種類：l 英語中不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，someon

15、e，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。1.both,all,either,any,either,none的用法的用法都都任何任何都不都不兩者兩者botheitherneither三者或三者以上三者或三者以上allan

16、ynoneall 與 both 的用法均表示都，但 all 表示三者以上的人或物， both 則表示兩個(gè)人或物。二者都表示肯定意義，如果與 not 連用時(shí)，則表示部分否定。neither 與 either 的用法都可用于表示兩個(gè)人或物。 neither 表否定意義，意為（兩者中的每一個(gè)）都不；而 either 表肯定意義，意為（兩者中的每一個(gè)）都。都可單獨(dú)使用，也可同介詞 of 連用。如：Both teams were in hard training； neither willing to lose the game.Do you want tea or coffee？Either. I r

17、eally dont mind.l 2 . some 與 any 的用法l 1. some 用于肯定句以及表示建議或期待得到肯定回答的問句。修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為某個(gè)。如：l I have some questions about the assignment.l Would you mind buying me some sweet？l （希望得到肯定答復(fù)）。l 2. any 用于否定句和疑問句時(shí)，表示一些。用于肯定句時(shí)，只和單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用，表示任何。如：l The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chem

18、ists.辨析lsomething 某事，某物 lsomebody 某人，有人 lsomeone 某人，有人lsomewhere 某地lanything 任何事lanybody 任何人lanyone 任何人lanywhere 任何地方辨析leverything 每一件事leverybody 每一個(gè)人leveryone 每一個(gè)人leverywhere 每一個(gè)地方lnothing 沒事 lnobody 誰也不，沒有人lno one 沒有人lnowhere 任何地方都不 l3 . each 與 every 的用法l1. each 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè)，在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語和

19、同位語。如：lThere are trees and flowers at each side of the road.l2. every 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，表示三者或三者以上中的每一個(gè)，只能作定語，不能說 every of them ，要說 every one of them .如：lEvery student in our class works hard.l 4 . no one(nobody), none與nothing的用法l 1. no one 意為沒有人，只能指人，不能指物，不可與介詞 of 連用，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，回答 who 引導(dǎo)的問句。如：l -Who is in the cla

20、ssroom？l -No one.l 2. none 既可指人，也可指物，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，意為一點(diǎn)也不，一個(gè)也不；謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)；常與 of 連用，通常指三者以上的人或物中沒有一個(gè)，回答 how much 和 how many 引導(dǎo)的問句。如：l -How much money do you have?l -None.l 3.nothing只能指物，?；卮饂hat引導(dǎo)的疑問句。如：l -What are you doing now?l -Nothing.5 . one, another, the other, some, others ,the others的用法的用法一個(gè)一個(gè)/一些一

21、些另外一個(gè)另外一個(gè)/一些一些剩余的一個(gè)剩余的一個(gè)/一些一些單數(shù)單數(shù)oneanotherthe other復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)someothersthe others6.many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法的用法多多少少加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞manyFew加不可數(shù)名詞加不可數(shù)名詞muchlittle肯定肯定否定否定加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞a few幾個(gè)幾個(gè)few少少加不可數(shù)名詞加不可數(shù)名詞a little一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)little少少英語語法代詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)及答案英語語法代詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)及答案1.The teacher gave the books to all

22、 the students except_who had already taken them. A.ones B.some C.the ones D.the others 2.Our manager allowed_to take a holiday next week. A.you and I B.yourself and me C.I and you D.you and me 3.-I feel a bit thirsty. -Why dont you have_water? A.some B.a C.any D.little 1-3 CDA 4.I have two cats and

23、I like_. A.all of them B.them both C.every one of them D.them each 5.My father said that he would take_for dinner when he came next time. A.all us out B.out all us C.all out us D.us all out 6.Peter didnt attend the party_. A.the last week B.the week before now C.this past week D.the week past 7.Some

24、 of my students study very hard._just dont care. A.Anothers B.The other C.Others D.Some other 4-7 BD CC 8-11ABD C 8.-Did you feed the baby? -No,he can_. A.eat by himself B.feed for himself C.feed by himself D.eat for himself 9.My brother is a man of_words. A.little B.few C.less D.fewer 10.There is_h

25、ope for the work to be finished in such short time. A.much B.small C.few D.little 11.Some old buildings were put down,but_new ones have been built. A.much more B.no more C.many more D.any more 12-15ADBA 12.When they met,they stopped and said hello to_. A.each other B.each another C.the other each D.

26、each one 13.-Which of the two French films do you like better? -_,because they are meaningless. A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither 14.-The US is certainly an interesting country. -Yes,you can find just about_there. A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything 15.After everyone took_place,the meeting

27、began. A.his B.their C.there D.the 16-19 CCAD 16.Although the city is small,its library is as complete_. A.as a large city B.like a large city C.as that of a large city D.like in a large city 17.A few of_are planning to drive to New York during spring break. A.we boys B.boys we C.us boys D.boys 18.T

28、hat man is a friend of my_. A.brothers B.brother C.brothers D.brothers 19.Of all the problems,_is so difficult as this one. A.not one B.either C.neither D.none 20.Im sorry I cant give you_advice. A.a B.an C.any D.some 21.The old man feels lonely with_to look after him. A.someone B.no one C.anyone D.none 22.His leg was hurt._is why he didnt come. A.It B.Which C.That D.There 23.-What does John do in China? -I hear_teaches English. A.she B.him C.his D.he 20-23CBCD 24-27 CB AD 24.There were only_people who could get_money for the work. A.few;many B.little;many C.a few;much D.a l