定語從句 (3)

1、GrammarGrammar一、一、概念概念 定語從句定語從句 在句中做定語，修飾一個名在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出 。關(guān)系代詞有：關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, who, whom, whose, that, whichthat, which等。等。關(guān)系副詞有：關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, whywhen, where, why等。等。二、二、用法用法 1 1、關(guān)

2、系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。保持一致。1 1）whowho( (主格主格) ), whom, whom（賓格）（賓格）, that, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：a) a) 他就是

3、他就是 我昨天見到的我昨天見到的 那個人。那個人。He is the man.He is the man.I saw him yesterday.I saw him yesterday.He is the man He is the man whomwhom I saw I saw yesterday.yesterday.b) b) 你認(rèn)識你認(rèn)識 站在那邊的站在那邊的 那個人嗎？那個人嗎？Do you know the man?Do you know the man?He is standing over there.He is standing over there.Do you know

4、the man Do you know the man whowho is is standing over there?standing over there?（ ） （ ）2 2）whose whose 用來指人或物。用來指人或物。 例如：例如：a) a) 小明，他的父親是工程師，是我們班級小明，他的父親是工程師，是我們班級里最好的學(xué)生。里最好的學(xué)生。（ ）Xiao Ming is the best student in Xiao Ming is the best student in our class.our class.His father is an engineer.His fa

5、ther is an engineer.Xiao Ming Xiao Ming whosewhose father is an father is an engineer is the best student in engineer is the best student in our class.our class.注意：注意：定語從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞的后面定語從句應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞的后面（即定語從句所修飾的詞）（即定語從句所修飾的詞）3 3）which, that which, that 所代替的先行詞是事物所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語

6、、賓語等。等。 例如例如 ：a) a) 這是這是 我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的 工廠。工廠。（ ）This is the factory.This is the factory.We visited it last year.We visited it last year.This is the factory which / that This is the factory which / that we visited last year.we visited last year.說明：說明：關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。以省略。b) b) 這是這是

7、去年建造的去年建造的 工廠。工廠。（ ）This is the factory.This is the factory.It was built last year.It was built last year.This is the factory which / that This is the factory which / that was built last year.was built last year. 2 2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。點或理由的名詞，在從句中

8、作狀語。 1 1）關(guān)系副詞）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why when, where, why 的含的含義相當(dāng)于義相當(dāng)于 “介詞介詞+ which” + which” 結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和常和“介詞介詞+ which”+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：a) a) 我仍然記得我仍然記得 我參軍的我參軍的 那一天。那一天。（ ）I still remember the day.I still remember the day.On that day I joined the army.On that day I joined the army.I still

9、remember the day I still remember the day whenwhen I I joined the army. joined the army. 或或I still remember the day I still remember the day on on whichwhich I joined the army. I joined the army. b) b) 這就是這就是 我們?nèi)ツ曜〉奈覀內(nèi)ツ曜〉?房屋。房屋。（ ）This is the house.This is the house.We lived in it last year.We lived

10、 in it last year.This is the house This is the house wherewhere we we lived last year. lived last year. 或或This is the house This is the house in whichin which we we lived last year. lived last year. 或或 This is the house This is the house whichwhich we we lived lived inin last year. last year. c) c)

11、你知道你知道 他遲到的他遲到的 原因嗎？原因嗎？（ ）Do you know the reason?Do you know the reason?He was late for that reason.He was late for that reason.Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy he he was late? was late? 或或Do you know the reason Do you know the reason for for whichwhich he was late? he was late?

12、 2 2）當(dāng)先行詞是指時間、地點或原因時，并）當(dāng)先行詞是指時間、地點或原因時，并非就用非就用when, where, why when, where, why 來引導(dǎo)定語來引導(dǎo)定語從句。從句。 例如：例如： 這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的地方。這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的地方。 這是我們?nèi)ツ旯ぷ鞯牡胤?。這是我們?nèi)ツ旯ぷ鞯牡胤健?a)a)vt.vt.vi.vi.This is the place This is the place which / thatwhich / that we visited last year.we visited last year.This is the place This is t

13、he place wherewhere we we worked last year.worked last year. 我仍然記得我入團(tuán)的那一天。我仍然記得我入團(tuán)的那一天。 我仍然記得我們一起度過的那一天。我仍然記得我們一起度過的那一天。b)b)I still remember the day I still remember the day when when I joined the League.I joined the League.I still remember the day I still remember the day that / that / whichwhich w

14、e spent together. we spent together. 3 3、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一：方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全 This is the mountain village This is the mountain village wherewhere I stayed last year. I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過的山村。這是我去年呆過的山村。取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞

15、；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：Ill never forget the days Ill never forget the days whenwhen I I worked together with you.worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記與你共事的日子。我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記與你共事的日子。 方法二：方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞。A. whereA. whereB. tha

16、tB. that C. on which C. on which D. the oneD. the one例例1.1. Is this the museum _ you Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?visited a few days ago?例例2.2. Is this museum _ you Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?visited a few days ago?A. whereA. whereB. thatB. that C. on which C. on

17、which D. the oneD. the oneB BD D 4 4、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 thatthat 的用法的用法 1 1）不用不用 that that 的情況的情況 介詞后不能用。介詞后不能用。例如：例如：We depend on the land We depend on the land from from whichwhich we get our food. we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。我們依賴土地獲得食物。We depend on the land We depend on the land that / that / whichwhich we

18、 get our food we get our food fromfrom. . 2 2）只能用只能用 that that 作為定語從句的關(guān)系代作為定語從句的關(guān)系代 詞詞的情況的情況a) a) 在在 there be there be 句型中，只用句型中，只用 thatthat，不，不 用用 whichwhich。b)b)不定代詞，如：不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, littlethe one, all, much, few, any, little等等作先行詞時，只用作先行

19、詞時，只用 thatthat，不用，不用 whichwhich 。c)c)先行詞有先行詞有 the only, the very the only, the very 修飾時，修飾時，只用只用 thatthat。d) d) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級等修飾先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級等修飾時，只用時，只用 thatthat。e) e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時先行詞既有人，又有物時 。1.1.His parents wouldnt let him His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was marry anyone _ famil

20、y was poor.poor.A. of whom B. whomA. of whom B. whomC. of whoseC. of whose D. whoseD. whose D D2.2.In the dark street, there wasnt In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could a single person _ she could turn for help. turn for help. A. thatA. that B. whoB. whoC. from whomC. from whom

21、 D. to whomD. to whom D D定語從句練習(xí)定語從句練習(xí)3.3.After living in Pairs for fifty After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where A. which B. where C. thatC. that D. whenD. when B B4.4.He

22、 lived in London for 3 months, He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he learned some during _ time he learned some English.English.A. thisA. this B. which B. which C. thatC. that D. sameD. same B B5.5.I had neither a raincoat nor an I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet thro

23、ugh.umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. ItA. Its the reason B. Thats the reason B. Thats whys why C. ThereC. Theres why D. Its why D. Its hows howB B6.6.I donI dont like _ you speak to t like _ you speak to her.her. A.the way that B.the way in thatA.the way that B.the way in that C.the way which D.the

24、 way of thatC.the way which D.the way of thatA A下面請看定語從句語法（二）下面請看定語從句語法（二）The Attributive ClauseThe Attributive Clauseboyboythe handsomethe handsomethe tallthe tallthe strong the strong the cleverthe cleverThe The boyboy is Tom.is Tom.The The boy boy whowho is handsome is handsome is Tom. is Tom.The

25、 The boyboy whowho is tall is tall is Tom. is Tom.The The boyboy who who is strong is strong is Tom. is Tom.The The boyboy whowho is cleveris clever is Tom is TomThe boy is Tom. The boy is Tom. The boyThe boy is smiling is smiling. . The boy The boy who who is smiling is smiling is Tom. is Tom. ( (主

26、語主語) )The boy is Tom. The boy is Tom. The boyThe boy has a round has a round faceface. .The boyThe boy whowho has a round facehas a round face is is Tom.Tom.The boy is Tom. The boy is Tom. HeHe sits in front of me sits in front of me. .The man The man whowho sits in front of mesits in front of me is

27、 Tom.is Tom. The woman got the job. The woman got the job. The womanThe woman can speak German can speak German. .The womanThe woman whowho can speak can speak GermanGerman got the job. got the job.The man is kind. The man is kind. Everyone likes Everyone likes himhim. . The man The man ( (whom)whom

28、) everyone likes everyone likes is kind.is kind. ( (賓語賓語) )The woman got the job. The woman got the job. We saw We saw herher on the street on the street. .The woman The woman ( (whom)whom) we saw on we saw on the streetthe street got the job. got the job.The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher

29、 will give us a talk. We met We met the teacherthe teacher yesterday yesterday. . The teacher The teacher ( (whom)whom) we met we met yesterdayyesterday will give us a talk. will give us a talk.The boy is in the lab. The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to You want to talk to himhim. .The boy The

30、 boy ( (whom)whom) you want to talk you want to talk toto is in the lab. is in the lab. 或或The boy The boy to whomto whom you want to you want to talktalk is in the lab. is in the lab.the redthe redthe greenthe greenthe smallthe smallthe bigthe bigappleappleThe apple The apple whichwhich is red is re

31、d is mine. is mine.The apple The apple whichwhich is green is green is yours. is yours.The apple The apple whichwhich is red is red is small. is small.The apple The apple whichwhich is green is green is big. is big.以上四句中的以上四句中的 which which 都可以用都可以用 that.that.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. Mrs. C

32、lark is angry with the goat. The goatThe goat is eating her flowers. is eating her flowers.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which which is eating her flowers.is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book? Can you lend me the book? You talked about You talked about

33、 it it last night last night. .Can you lend me the book Can you lend me the book (which)(which) you talked about last night. you talked about last night. 或或Can you lend me the book Can you lend me the book about about whichwhich you talked last night? you talked last night? Do you find the pen? Do y

34、ou find the pen? I wrote with I wrote with it it just now just now. .Do you find the pen Do you find the pen (which)(which) I I wrote with just now? wrote with just now? Do you find the pen Do you find the pen with whichwith which I I wrote just now?wrote just now?whichwhich 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可

35、省作賓語可省略略, 如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) 介詞提前時只能用介詞提前時只能用which which 而不能用而不能用 t thathat(1)(1) The scientist is very famous in The scientist is very famous in the world. the world. We met her yesterday.We met her yesterday. The scientistThe scientist we met yester- we met yester- day is very famous in the world

36、. day is very famous in the world. The scientistThe scientist whomwhom we met yes- we met yes- terday is very famous in the world. terday is very famous in the world. The scientistThe scientist whowho we met yes- we met yes- terday is very famous in the world. terday is very famous in the world. The

37、 scientistThe scientist thatthat we met yes- we met yes- terday is very famous in the world. terday is very famous in the world. (2)(2)This is the best film. This is the best film. I have I have ever seen this film.ever seen this film.This is the best film This is the best film thatthat I have I hav

38、e ever seen.ever seen. This is the best film This is the best film I have I have ever seen.ever seen. 定語從句專項練習(xí)定語從句專項練習(xí)1.1.This is all _ I know about the This is all _ I know about the matter. matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whetherA.that B.what C.who D.whether2.2.Is there anything else _ you Is there

39、anything else _ you want? want? A.which B.that C.who D.whatA.which B.that C.who D.what3.3.The last place _ we visited The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.itA.which B.that C.where D.itA AB BB B4.4.He talked happily about the men He talked happi

40、ly about the men and books _ interested him and books _ interested him greatly in the school. greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whomA.which B.that C.it D.whom5.5.There is no dictionary _ you There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. can find everything. A.that B.which C.where D.in

41、 thatA.that B.which C.where D.in that6.6.This is one of the best books _. This is one of the best books _. A.that have ever been written A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written C.that has written D.that have writtenD.that have writte

42、nB BA AA A7.7.He wrote a letter to me, telling He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _ he saw on the me everything _ he saw on the way to the Paris. way to the Paris. A.what B.that C.which D.whereA.what B.that C.which D.where8.8.Is oxygenIs oxygen（氧氣）（氧氣） the only gas the only gas _ helps f

43、ire burn? _ helps fire burn? A.that B. / C.which D.itA.that B. / C.which D.it9.9.Is there anything _ to you? Is there anything _ to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belongC.which belongs D.that belongB BA AB B10.10.The scientist and his

44、achieve- The scientist and his achieve- mentsments（成就）（成就）_ you told me _ you told me about are admired by us all. about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whoseA.which B.that C.who D.whose11.11.Which of the books _ were Which of the books _ were borrowed from him is the best? borrowed fr

45、om him is the best? A.which B.what C.that D.whoseA.which B.what C.that D.whoseB BC C 先行詞有下列情況或附有下列修飾語時，先行詞有下列情況或附有下列修飾語時，通常用關(guān)系代詞通常用關(guān)系代詞 thatthat。1)1)先行詞是先行詞是 all, no, none, everyone, all, no, none, everyone, something, much, littlesomething, much, little等。等。2)2)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞前有序數(shù)詞, ,形容詞最高級或形容詞最高級或 the

46、the last, the onlylast, the only等。等。3)3)如果先行詞中既含有表示人的名詞又有表如果先行詞中既含有表示人的名詞又有表示物的名詞時。示物的名詞時。4)4)若主句中有疑問代詞若主句中有疑問代詞 who, which who, which 為了為了避免重復(fù)避免重復(fù), , 關(guān)系代詞不要再用關(guān)系代詞不要再用who, which.who, which.結(jié)論結(jié)論: :1.1.Do you know who lives in the Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well? building _ the

47、re is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of A.in front of it B. in front of whose C.in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which D.in front whichwhich2.2.Ill never forget the day _ I Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League. joined the League. A. on which B. in which A. on which B.

48、 in which C. which D. at whichC. which D. at which3.3.The woman _ my brother The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. spoke just now is my teacher. A.who B.to whom C.to who D.whomA.who B.to whom C.to who D.whomC CA AB B4.4.Jeanne was her old friend, _ Jeanne was her old friend, _ she bor

49、rowed a necklace. she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whomC. to that D. to whom5.5.His glasses, _ he was like a His glasses, _ he was like a blind manblind man（盲人）（盲人）, fell to the , fell to the ground and broke its leg. ground and broke its le

50、g. A. which B. with which A. which B. with which C. without which D. thatC. without which D. thatB BC C7.7.He built a telescopeHe built a telescope（望遠(yuǎn)鏡）（望遠(yuǎn)鏡）_ he could study the skies. _ he could study the skies. A. in which B. with that A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by itC. through w

51、hich D. by it8.8.Do you know the reason _ he Do you know the reason _ he was late? D. for which was late? D. for which A. that B. which C. for whatA. that B. which C. for whatC CD D9.9.I have bought two ball-pens, _ I have bought two ball-pens, _ writes well. writes well. A.none of which B.neither o

52、f A.none of which B.neither of whichwhich C.none of them D.neither of themC.none of them D.neither of them10.10.This is the very knife_I used This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. to cut apples yesterday. A. that B. by which A. that B. by which C. which D. with whichC. which D. with

53、 which11.11.The book, _ which he paid 6 The book, _ which he paid 6 yuanyuan, is worth reading., is worth reading.B BA Aforfor 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇，方法一是看關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇，方法一是看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞（習(xí)慣搭從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞（習(xí)慣搭配），再則可以通過整個句子整體含配），再則可以通過整個句子整體含義來判斷義來判斷,結(jié)合生活實際來判斷。結(jié)合生活實際來判斷。 結(jié)論結(jié)論: :Is this the factory _ you Is this the factory _ you visited last year? visited last year? Is this factory _ you visited Is this factory _ you visited last year?last year?1.1.a. that b. where a. that b. where c. in which d. the onec. in which d. the one2.2.All