(完整版)氧化還原反應(yīng)方程式大全

1、非金屬單質(zhì)（F2,CI2,02,S,N2,P,C,Si）1,氧化性：F2+H2=2HFF2+Xe（過量）=XeF22F2（過量）+Xe=XeF4nF2+2M=2MFn（表示大部分金屬）2F2+2H20=4HF+022F2+2Na0H=2NaF+0F2+H20F2+2NaCI=2NaF+CI2F2+2NaBr=2NaF+Br2F2+2NaI=2NaF+I2F2+CI2（等體積）=2CIF3F2（過量）+CI2=2CIF37F2（過量）+12=2IF7CI2+H2=2HCI3CI2+2P=2PCI3CI2+PCI3=PCI5CI2+2Na=2NaCI3CI2+2Fe=2FeCI3CI2+2FeCI

2、2=2FeCI3CI2+Cu=CuCI22CI2+2NaBr=2NaCI+Br2CI2+2NaI=2NaCI+I25CI2+I2+6H20=2HI03+10HCICI2+Na2S=2NaCI+SCI2+H2S=2HCI+SCI2+S02+2H20=H2S04+2HCICI2+H202=2HCI+02202+3Fe=Fe30402+K=K02S+H2=H2S2S+C=CS2S+Fe=FeSS+2Cu=Cu2S3S+2AI=AI2S3S+Zn=ZnSN2+3H2=2NH3N2+3Mg=Mg3N2N2+3Ca=Ca3N2N2+3Ba=Ba3N2N2+6Na=2Na3NN2+6K=2K3NN2+6Rb

3、=2Rb3NP2+6H2=4PH3P+3Na=Na3P2P+3Zn=Zn3P22還原性S+O2=SO2S+O2=SO2S+6HNO3（濃）=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4HNO3（稀）=3SO2+4NO+2H2ON2+O2=2NO4P+5O2=P4O10（常寫成P2O5）2P+3X2=2PX3（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2）PX3+X2=PX5P4+20HNO3（濃）=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OC+2F2=CF4C+2Cl2=CCl42C+O2（少量）=2C0C+02（足量）=C02C+CO2=2COC+H2O=CO+H2（生成水煤氣）2C+SiO2=Si+2CO（制得粗硅）Si

4、（粗）+2CI=SiCI4（SiCI4+2H2=Si（純）+4HCI）Si（粉）+O2=SiO2Si+C=SiC（金剛砂）Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H23，（堿中）歧化CI2+H2O=HCI+HCIO（加酸抑制歧化，加堿或光照促進(jìn)歧化）CI2+2NaOH=NaCI+NaCIO+H2O2CI2+2Ca（OH）2=CaCI2+Ca（CIO）2+2H2O3CI2+6KOH（熱，濃）=5KCI+KCIO3+3H2O3S+6NaOH=2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O4P+3KOH（濃）+3H2O=PH3+3KH2PO211P+15CuSO4+24H2O=5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15

5、H2SO43C+CaO=CaC2+CO3C+SiO2=SiC+2CO二，金屬單質(zhì)（Na,Mg,AI，F(xiàn)e）的還原性2Na+H2=2NaH4Na+O2=2Na2O2Na2O+O2=2Na2O22Na+O2=Na2O22Na+S=Na2S(爆炸)2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H22Na+2NH3=2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCI4(熔融)=4NaCI+TiMg+Cl2=MgCl2Mg+Br2=MgBr22Mg+O2=2MgOMg+S=MgSMg+2H2O=Mg(OH)2+H22Mg+TiCI4(熔融)=Ti+2MgCI2Mg+2RbCI=MgCI2+2Rb2Mg+CO2=2MgO+C2Mg+Si

6、O2=2MgO+SiMg+H2S=MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H22AI+3CI2=2AICI34AI+3O2=2AI2O3(鈍化)4AI(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O=2(AI2O3.xH2O)+4Hg4AI+3MnO2=2AI2O3+3Mn2AI+Cr2O3=AI2O3+2Cr2AI+Fe2O3=AI2O3+2Fe2AI+3FeO=AI2O3+3Fe2AI+6HCI=2AICI3+3H22AI+3H2SO4=AI2(SO4)3+3H22AI+6H2SO4(濃)=AI2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(AI,Fe在冷，濃的H2SO4,HNO3中鈍化)AI+4HNO(稀)=AI(N

7、O3)3+NO+2H2O2AI+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAIO2+3H22Fe+3Br2=2FeBr3Fe+I2=FeI2Fe+S=FeS3Fe+4H2O(g)=Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCI=FeCI2+H2Fe+CuCI2=FeCI2+CuFe+SnCI4=FeCI2+SnCI2(鐵在酸性環(huán)境下,不能把四氯化錫完全還原為單質(zhì)錫Fe+SnCI2=FeCI2+Sn)三，非金屬氫化物(HF,HCI,H2O,H2S,NH3)1,還原性:4HCI(濃)+MnO2=MnCI2+CI2+2H2O4HCI(g)+O2=2CI2+2H2O16HCI+2KMnO4=2KCI+2MnCI2+5CI2+8H

8、2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7=2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O2H2O+2F2=4HF+O22H2S+3O2（足量）=2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2（少量）=2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4（濃）=S+SO2+2H2O3H2S+2HNO（稀）=3S+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4=Cr2（SO4）3+K2SO4+3S+7H2OH2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=Na2SO4+6NaOH2NH3+3CuO=3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2=N2+

9、6HCl8NH3+3Cl2=N2+6NH4Cl4NH3+3O2（純氧）=2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O2=4NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO=5N2+6HO（用氨清除NO）NaH+H2O=NaOH+H24NaH+TiCl4=Ti+4NaCl+2H2CaH2+2H2O=Ca（OH）2+2H2H2S+Fe=FeS+H22NH3+2Na=2NaNH2+H2（NaNH2+H2O=NaOH+NH3）4，不穩(wěn)定性：2HF=H2+F22HCl=H2+Cl22H2O=2H2+O22H2O2=2H2O+O2H2S=H2+S2NH3=N2+3H2四，非金屬氧化物低價(jià)態(tài)的還原性：2SO2+O2=2SO32SO2+O2

10、+2H2O=2H2SO4（這是SO2在大氣中緩慢發(fā)生的環(huán)境化學(xué)反應(yīng)）SO2+Cl2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HClSO2+Br2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HBrSO2+I2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HISO2+NO2=SO3+NO2NO+O2=2NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO2（用于制硝酸工業(yè)中吸收尾氣中的NO和NO2）2CO+O2=2CO2CO+CuO=Cu+CO23CO+Fe2O3=2Fe+3CO2CO+H2O=CO2+H2氧化性：SO2+2H2S=3S+2H2OSO3+2KI=K2SO3+I2NO2+2KI+H2O=NO+I2+2KOH（不能用淀粉KI溶液鑒別溴蒸氣和N02）

11、4NO2+H2S=4NO+SO3+H2O2NO2+Cu=4CuO+N2CO2+2Mg=2MgO+C（C02不能用于撲滅由Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,K等燃燒的火災(zāi)）SiO2+2H2=Si+2H2OSiO2+2Mg=2MgO+Si五,金屬氧化物1, 低價(jià)態(tài)的還原性:6FeO+O2=2Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3=Fe（NO3）3+NO2+2H2O2, 氧化性:Na2O2+2Na=2Na2O（此反應(yīng)用于制備Na2O）MgO,AI2O3幾乎沒有氧化性，很難被還原為Mg,Al.一般通過電解制Mg和AI.Fe2O3+3H2=2Fe+3H2O（制還原鐵粉）Fe3O4+4H2=3Fe+4H2O3,與水的作用:2

12、Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2（此反應(yīng)分兩步:Na2O2+2H2O=2NaOH+H2O2;2H2O2=2H2O+O2.H2O2的制備可利用類似的反應(yīng):BaO2+H2SO4（?。?BaSO4+H2O2）MgO+H2O=Mg（OH）2（緩慢反應(yīng)）2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2六,含氧酸1,氧化性:4HCIO3+3H2S=3H2SO4+4HCIHCIO3+HI=HIO3+HCI3HCIO+HI=HIO3+3HCIHCIO+H2SO3=H2SO4+HCIHCIO+H2O2=HCI+H2O+O2（氧化性:HCIO>HCIO2>HCIO3>HCIO4,但濃，熱的HC

13、IO4氧化性很強(qiáng)）2H2SO4（濃）+C=CO2+2SO2+2H2O2H2SO4（濃）+S=3SO2+2H2OH2SO4+Fe（Al）室溫下鈍化6H2SO4（濃）+2Fe=Fe2（SO4）3+3SO2+6H2O2H2SO4（濃）+Cu=CuSO4+SO2+2H2OH2SO4（濃）+2HBr=SO2+Br2+2H2OH2SO4（濃）+2HI=SO2+l2+2H2OH2SO4（?。?Fe=FeSO4+H22H2SO3+2H2S=3S+2H2O4HNO3（濃）+C=CO2+4NO2+2H2O6HNO3（濃）+S=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O5HNO3（濃）+P=H3PO4+5NO2+H2O6HNO

14、3+Fe=Fe（NO3）3+3NO2+3H2O4HNO3+Fe=Fe（NO3）3+NO+2H2O30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe（NO3）3+3N2O+15H2O36HNO3+10Fe=10Fe（NO3）3+3N2+18H2O30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe（NO3）3+3NH4NO3+9H2O2,還原性:H2SO3+X2+H2O=H2SO4+2HX（X表示Cl2,Br2,I2）2H2SO3+O2=2H2SO4H2SO3+H2O2=H2SO4+H2O5H2SO3+2KMnO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2OH2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O=H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl七，堿低價(jià)

15、態(tài)的還原性：4Fe（OH）2+O2+2H2O=4Fe（OH）3與酸性物質(zhì)的作用：2NaOH+SO2（少量）=Na2SO3+H2ONaOH+SO2（足量）=NaHS032NaOH+SiO2=NaSiO3+H2O2NaOH+Al2O3=2NaAlO2+H2O2NaOH+Cl2=NaCl+NaClO+H2ONaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2ONaOH+H2S（足量）=NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S（少量）=Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+AlCl3=Al（OH）3+3NaClNaOH+Al（OH）3=NaAlO2+2H2O（A1C13和Al（OH）3哪個(gè)酸性強(qiáng)？）NaOH+NH4Cl=NaCl+NH3+H2OMg（OH）2+2NH4Cl=MgCl2+2NH3.H2OAl（OH）3+NH4Cl不溶解八,鹽1,氧化性:2FeCl3+Fe=3FeCl22FeCl3+Cu=2FeCl2+CuCl2（用于雕刻銅線路版）2FeCl3+Zn=2FeCl