linux實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

1、燕山大學(xué)Linux技術(shù)上機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)燕山大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)一Linux系統(tǒng)安裝與簡(jiǎn)單配置一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?掌握Linux系統(tǒng)安裝的分區(qū)準(zhǔn)備。2掌握Linux系統(tǒng)的安裝步驟。3掌握Linux系統(tǒng)分區(qū)的掛載和卸載。4掌握Linux系統(tǒng)的啟動(dòng)和關(guān)閉操作。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容1. 安裝VMware虛擬機(jī)，設(shè)置光盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器，為L(zhǎng)inux系統(tǒng)安裝做準(zhǔn)備。2在虛擬機(jī)下安裝Linux操作系統(tǒng)（如Ubuntu桌面版本）。3配置Linux系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行環(huán)境。4利用空閑分區(qū)創(chuàng)建新的Linux系統(tǒng)分區(qū)。5. 將新的Linux系統(tǒng)分區(qū)掛載到系統(tǒng)中；卸載新掛載的分區(qū)，重新掛載到目錄樹中的其他位置。三、主要的實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1. 制定安裝系統(tǒng)的分區(qū)計(jì)劃。

2、2. 配置光驅(qū)引導(dǎo)鏡像文件iso,啟動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，開始安裝過(guò)程。3. 根據(jù)安裝計(jì)劃，對(duì)磁盤空間進(jìn)行分區(qū)設(shè)置。4. 根據(jù)系統(tǒng)安裝指導(dǎo)，完成Linux系統(tǒng)的安裝過(guò)程。5. 安裝成功后，退出系統(tǒng)，重新啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)，登陸Linux操作系統(tǒng)。6. 對(duì)Linux系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行配置，如網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備等。7. 利用磁盤使用工具和mount,將新創(chuàng)建的Linux系統(tǒng)分區(qū)掛載到系統(tǒng)中。將新掛載的分區(qū)卸載，并重新掛載到目錄樹的其他位置。實(shí)驗(yàn)二Linux常用命令使用一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?. 掌握Linux般命令格式。2. 掌握有關(guān)文件和目錄操作的常用命令。3熟練使用man命令。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容1. 熟悉cd、date、pwd、cal、who、ech

3、o、clear、passwd等常用命令。2. 在用戶主目錄下對(duì)文件進(jìn)行操作：復(fù)制一個(gè)文件、顯示文件內(nèi)容、查找指定內(nèi)容、排序、文件比較、文件刪除等。3. 對(duì)目錄進(jìn)行管理：創(chuàng)建和刪除子目錄、改變和顯示工作目錄、列出和更改文件權(quán)限、鏈接文件等。4. 利用man命令顯示date、echo等命令的手冊(cè)頁(yè)。5. 顯示系統(tǒng)中的進(jìn)程信息。三、主要實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1. 登陸進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)，修改個(gè)人密碼。helnetubuntu:$passedChangingpas&wordforhelmet.（匚urren七UNIXpassword;EnternewUNIXpassword:RetypenewUhllXpas&

4、;wordipassed;passwordupdated匚cessfullyheLnetubuntu:|2使用簡(jiǎn)單命令:date、cal、who、echo、clear等，了解Linux命令格式。Date：helmetubuntuidateJul105136:35PDT2015Cal:helnetubuntu:$calJuly2015SuMOTUNeThFSa2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031helrmetubuntihelnetubuntu:S<Cdl1616JanuaryFebruaryMarchSuMoTuNeTh

5、尸5aSuMoTuWeThFrSaSunoTuNeThFrSa12341123斗5675678910112345678891011121314121314151617189W1112131415151617181921192&21222324251617IS192021222223242526272826272829303123242526272829293031AprilMayJuneSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuUeThFrSa123斗1212g斗565678910113斗567897891011121312131415161718101112

6、13141516141516171819201923212223242S17181920212223212223242520272671282930242526272ft2930282939JulyAugustSeptembersumotuweThFrsasumotuweThFrsasumotuweThFrsa1234112345567E91011234567857891011121213141516171331011121314151314151617lfl191920212223Z425151718192021222021222324252626272829303123242526Z728

7、29272329303031OctoberNovemberDecember5LIMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWerhFrSaSuMoTuWerhFrSa12312345&7123qS斗507891089101112131斗07&91011121112131415IS171516171819202113H151617181918192021222324ZZ232425Z(52728202122232425262526272E2930312930272829303125Who、whoami:helnetubuntu;$helmethelmetpts/1helnetubunt

8、u;$helmetpts/1whowho2015-07-&12615-07-61ant2015-07-ai01:3801:4501:45（：0）（：0）（：o）Echo:connand.'匸onnand.helmetgubuntu:echo1ThisisqThistsaconnand.helmetgubuntu:-SechoThistsaThisisaconnand*Clear:協(xié)鼻簡(jiǎn)helmetJubuntu:-helmetgubuntui|3. 瀏覽文件系統(tǒng);運(yùn)行pwd命令，確定當(dāng)前工作目錄。helnetubuntuz$pwd/home/helnet運(yùn)行l(wèi)s-1命令，理解各

9、字段含義。helmetubuntu:$Is-1total72drwxr-xir-x2helmetheLme七4996Jul101dirwxLxrx2helnethelnet4996Jul101drwxrxirx2helmethelmet4096Jul101-rw-rw-r-1helnetheLmet16Jul102於rirw1helmethelmet9Jul102料r-1helnethelmet3989Jul100s=irw1helmethelmet0Jul101-rwrw-r-1helmethelmet6565Jul102iruHirw1helmethelnet54Jul102-rw-rw-

10、m-1helmethelnet54Jul102-rwxrwxr-x1helmethelmet7293Jut192dlrwxr-xr-x2helmethelnet4096Jul101dlrwxr-xrx2helmethelnet4996Jul101drwxr-XLX2.helnetheLmet4096Jul101drwxr-xrx2helnethelnet4996Jul191drwxr-xrx2helnethelnet4996Jul19138Desktop38Docunents38Downloads49example*c49examples-58examples.desktop51file-37

11、 fileio36fitec30file*c32file.out38 Music3EPictures38Public38Templates3EVideos運(yùn)行l(wèi)s-ai命令，理解各字段含義。helnetut)jntij:SLa-at151693153291SKanple.c395103.local131873b*153269exanplec-39S071Nustc153201”bashhistory151975exariples,desktop395972Pictures15197rbash_log0ut153283file-151972-profile151973,bashrc153287r

12、ileie395M9Public39S077.cache153293.ftleia.swp153284swp39S&74.config153288file.c395&&BTenplates395066Desktop153285filec-39S&73Vidcos153Z7S.dnrc153286ftle.out153Z79-Xauthority395070幻5陰*gconf153290+xsesslon-errors35067Downloads1S3282.ICEauthority使用cd命令，將工作目錄改到根（/）上。運(yùn)行l(wèi)s-l命令，結(jié)合教材中圖2.2，了解

13、各個(gè)目錄的作用。Ohelmetubuntu:/helnetgubuntu$cdl/helnetgubunitu:/SIs-1total92drwxr-xr-x2rootroot4096Jul101:13bindrwxr-xr-x3rootroot4096Jul101:17bootrlrwxrwxrx2rootgt4096Jul100:56cdrowdrwxr-xr-x15rootroot4180Jul101115devdrwxr-xr-x129rootroot12283Jul105：53drwxr-xr-x3rootroot4096Jul100:58homeLrwxrwxrwx1rootro&

14、amp;t33Jul101:12tftttrdimgiboot/tnitrcl*ing-3.13-0-24-genertcdrwxr-xr-x23rootroot4096Jul101：13libd測(cè)=2rootroot16384Jul1eo：48unddrwxr-xr-x3rootroot4096Apr162014nediadrwxr3rootroot4096ul1BineHntdrwMr-xr其2rootroot4096Jul181：17optdlr-xr-xr-x291rootroot0Jul101:15procdrwx2rootroot4096Apr162014rootdrwxr-xr&

15、#39;X23rootroot020ul101:38rundrwxr-xr-x2rootroot122S8Jut1Q1I16Gblndrwxr-xr-x2rootroot4096Apr162014srvdr-xr-xr-x13rootroot&Jul101:15晉rlrwxrwxrwt10rootgt4096Jul104:17drwxr-xr-x13rootroot4B96Apr162014usrdrwMrwxrwt10rootroot4096Jul194:17drwxr-xr-x10rootrootAp162014U5Tdrwxr-xrx13roQtroot4096Apr162014

16、varIrwxrwxrwK1rootrootS0Jul101：12vmlinuz->boot/vnltnuz-3.13.0-24-gineric直接使用cd,通過(guò)pwd指令驗(yàn)證目錄位置。helmetgubuntu:/$pd/helnetubuntu:/$cdhelmetubuntu:pwd/h&ne/helriBt用mkdir建立一個(gè)子目錄subdir。helmstubuntu:mkdir/hone/helnet/subdir將工作目錄更改到subdir。helmecd/hone/helmet/subdtrhelnetubuntu:-/subdirS|4文件操作：驗(yàn)證當(dāng)前工作目錄

17、在subdir。elnetubuntur-r/subdirjpwdhome/helmet/subdir運(yùn)行date>file1，然后運(yùn)行catfilel，看到什么信息?helFietubuntui/subdtr$date>file-lhelnetubuntur-/subdtrS匚廿tfilelwedJul105:56:14PDT2015運(yùn)行catsubdir，會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么結(jié)果？為什么？IuL-_二lu-u-jII利用man命令顯示date命令的使用說(shuō)明。榕壽骨helmetubuntu;/subdir&ATE(1)usercoma(idsdateNAMEdmtE-printor

18、setth已systemdEtEendtimeSYM0PS15date0P1I0Nj_FDRHMdateill応<7丨mWe廠汨IWDhhnnrKC1W1r.sslDESCHIPTIQHDisplaythecurrenttinetnthegivenformathorsetthesystendate*Mandatoryarqunentstolongoptionsarenandatarforshortoptionstoor-d,-date-STRINGdisplaytimedescribedbySTRING,not1now'6*-file=D<T£FlL£l

19、ike*dateonceforeachlineofcjatefile-ITINESPECH-iso-B6ai=TlJ1ESPEC1Qirtpiitdat屮Ineiniso8麗format.TIME5PEG1date1fordateMarudlpaufdate(1)line1(presshforhelporutoquit)運(yùn)行mandate>>file1，看到什么信息？運(yùn)行catfilel，看到什么信息？helnetutniDtu:-/subdtr$wnheInetubuntu:subdIr$catftlelMedJUi10S：S(5：14POT201SDATE(l)UserCann

20、andsDATE(l)NAMEdatu-printorsetthesystwmdateandtimeSYNOPSISddteOPTION.i-FORMATdate-u|-utc|-universalHHDDhhnHccYY.ssDESCRIPTIONDisplaythecurrenttineinthegivenFORMAT!orsetthesystemdate.Mandatoryargunentstolangoptionsaremandataryforshortoptionstoo-<At-date=STRINGdisplaytimedesciHtjecIbySTRING*not:1no

21、w'八fVLe=OATEFILE利用ls-lfilel，了解鏈接計(jì)數(shù)是多少？運(yùn)行Infilel./fa，再看看鏈接計(jì)數(shù)有什么變化？用cat命令顯示fa文件內(nèi)容。helFietuburitu:-/subdirSIs-Ifilel-rw-rw-r-1helmethelmet6594JuL105:59flLelhelnetgubuntu:/subdir$Lnfilel/憐helnetgubuntui/subdir$Is”1filel-rwrw-r-2helmethelmet6594JuL105iS9flLel(7)顯示filel的當(dāng)前10行，后19行。helmetubuntu:/subdir

22、$headfilelNedJjI105:56:14PDT2015DATE(l)UserCommandsDA.TE(1NAMEdate-printorsetthesystemdateandtineSYNOPSISdateOPTIOhl+FORMATVUl-n-L1-*-J"1_1IIIuIIJhelnet®ubuntu:/subdir$tail-n19ftleiCOPYRIGHTc&pyrtght2013FreesoftwareFoundation,inc.LicenseGPLV3-I-:gnuGPLwersian3arlateruhttp:/gnu.arg/ltc亡

23、nses/gpL.htElK*Thistsfreesoftware:youarefreetochangeandredtstrlbuteIt.ThereisNOWflRRANPftotheextentpermittedbylaw.SEEALSOThefulldocunentationfordateisnaintainedas&Textnfonanual-IftheInfoanddatepogramsareproperlyinstalledatyoursite,thetanmandirfocoreutils'dateirvocation1shouldgiveyouaccesstot

24、hecompletenanual.gnucoreuttls8,21March2014&ate(i)運(yùn)行cpfilelfile2，然后ls-l,看到什么信息？運(yùn)行mvfile2file3，然后ls-l,看到什么信息？運(yùn)行catf*,結(jié)果如何?flleiftle2-I6594JU116591JU11file2file3-I6591JUlL16594JU1105：59ftlelf>g;34ftl63helnietubiintu：/subclLr$cphelnetgubuntu;/subdir5Istotal16-rw-rw-rzhelmethelnet-rw-rm-r-1helneth

25、elmethelnetgubuntu/subdirSmvhelnetgubuntu:subdtrIstotal16-rw-rw-r-2helnethelnet-rw-rw-(-1helmethelmethelnetgubuntu:subdicatf*UedUni105:56:14PUT2ftiSATE(l)UserccunmandsDATEIW1Edate-printorsetthesystemdateandtineSYNOPSISdateOPTION.-+FORHATCOPYRIGHT匚opyright曾2013FreesoftwareFoundaittoApinc.LicenseGPLV1

26、+:GNUGPLversion3orlater<http:/gnu.oirg/li匚enses/gplhtpil>.Thisisfreesoftware:youarefreeto匚hangearndredistriiibuteit*ThereisMOWARRANTYptotheextenitperntttedbylaw*SIEIEALSOThefulldocumentationfordateisnaintainedasaTexinfomanual.Iftheinfosnddateprogramsareproperlyinstalledatyoursite,theconnandinf

27、ocoreutitsqdait已invo匚a七ion1shouldgiveyouaccesstothecomplet亡nanualGNUcoreutil生8.21Maruh2014DAJE(1>運(yùn)行rmfile3，然后ls-l，結(jié)果如何?helnetubuntu:/subdtr5rnftle3helnetubuntur/subdtr5l&-1total8-rw-rw-r-2helmethelmet6594Jul105:59ftLel(10)在/etc/passwd文件中查找合適你的注冊(cè)名的行。helmetubuntu:/subdtr$grep-Fhelmet/etc/passwd

28、helmet:x:1000:1000:helmett,f:/home/lelnet:/bin/bash(11)運(yùn)行l(wèi)s-l，理解各文件的權(quán)限是什么？helmet(3ubuntu:/subdir$Is-1total&-rw-rw-r-2helmsthelmet6594Jul105i59file!(12)用兩種方式改變filel的權(quán)限。helnetljubuntu:/subdir$chnoda+xfilelhelmetubuntui/subdtr$chmodu=r,ug=xfilel(13)統(tǒng)計(jì)file1文件的行數(shù)、字?jǐn)?shù)。helnetubuntu:/subdtr5wg-1-wftlel21

29、3842filel(14)運(yùn)行manls|more，顯示結(jié)果是什么？運(yùn)行catfile1|head-20|teefile5,結(jié)果如何？運(yùn)行catfile5|wc,結(jié)果如何?L5helnetgubuntu：/subdirjnanls|norels(1)usercommandsNAMEIs-Lt&tdirectorycontentsSYNOPSISIsOPTION.FILE.DESCRIPTIONListinfornationabouttheFILEsthecurrentdirectorybydefault).sortentriesalphabeticallytfnoneof-cftuv5

30、UKnor-sortisspecified.Mandatoyargumentstolongoptionsaremandatoryforshortopttonstoo*-At-alldanotignoreentriesstart!ngwith.-A,-almcist-alldonotli£tInpVLecI.日ndhelnetubuntu:/subdir$catfitel|head-20|teeftleShiedJul105:56:14PDT2015DflTECl)UserConnandsDATE(l)NAMEdate-prtntorsetthesystemdateandtine5&#

31、165;MOPSJSdateoption4.4-formatdate-u|-utc|-universalEMMDDhhnnfCCY¥.ssDESCRIPTIONtsplaythecurrentrtneInthegivenformat,orsetrhesystendate.Mandatorarqunentstolongoptionsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo.-df-date=STRINGdisplaytimedescribedbySTRirio,not'now1elnetubuntui-/subdir$catfiles|wc2062537實(shí)驗(yàn)

32、三vi編輯器的使用一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?. 學(xué)習(xí)使用vi編輯器建立、編輯、顯示及加工處理文本文件。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容1. 進(jìn)入和推出vi編輯器。2利用文本插入方式建立一個(gè)文件。3. 在新建的文本文件上移動(dòng)光標(biāo)位置。4. 對(duì)該文件執(zhí)行刪除、復(fù)原、修改、替換等操作。三、主要實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.進(jìn)入vi編輯器。htlmetubuntii:VIM-ViIMprovedversionC4+52byBranMoolenaaretal.MWinisopensourceandfreelydistributableBeconear

33、egisteredWnuser1type:helpregisterforinformationtype:qtoexittype:helpE.ciorforon-llmehelptype:helpversion?farversioninfoRunningtnVicompatiblenodetype:setnocp-EnlLr>forvtridefaultstype:helpcp-default-.：forinfoonthis2. 建立一個(gè)文件，如file.c。進(jìn)入插入方式，輸入一個(gè)C語(yǔ)言程序的各行內(nèi)容，故意制造幾處錯(cuò)誤。最后，將該文件存盤?；氐絪hell狀態(tài)下。¥file.cx/

34、thisisanxanple*/nainf)prntf(,rok!,r);|3.運(yùn)行g(shù)ccfile.c-omyfile，編譯該文件，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤提示。理解其含義。helne七catfile*c/*tht&isHnexample*/main()prntf("ok!°);helnetubuntu:5gccfile.c-ofILel/tmp/cc2f.MKI,o:Infunctionmairb':file*c;(-text+Oxll):undefinedreferenceto1prntf'collect:error:Idreturned1exitstatus

35、4. 重新進(jìn)入vi編輯器，對(duì)該文件進(jìn)行修改。然后存盤，退出vi編輯器。重新編譯該文件，如果編譯通過(guò)了，可以利用./myfile運(yùn)行該程序。劭鼻慘he(met>ubuntu:/*thtsisanexample*/nain()iprintf("ok!");helmetubuntu:catfile*c/*thisLsanexample*/nain()priritfC'ck!");helmetgubuntuigccfile.c-ofile.outhelnetubuntu:./file.outok!helnetubuntu:$|5.運(yùn)行mandate>f

36、ilelO，然后vifilelO。使用x,dd等命令刪除某些文本行。使用u命令復(fù)原此前的情況。使用c、r、s等命令修改文本內(nèi)容。使用檢索命令進(jìn)行給定模式的檢索。helnetubuntu:$nandate>filelOhelnetubuntur5vifilel-flX:©A©Ih&lmetubuntu:«3te(i)UserCommandsOATE(l)NAMEdate'printorsetthesystemdateandtimeSYNOPSISdateOPTION.-i-FORMATdate-u|-*utc|-universalMMDDhhm

37、mCCYYDESCRIPTIONDisplaythecurrenttinetrithegWenformat±orsetthesystendate.MandataryargumentstDlong0ptiansaremandatoryforshortopttanstoa+dd:MAMEdate-printorsetthesystemdateandtimeSYNOPSISdateOPTION+FORNATdate-u|-utc|-universalMMDDhhmccVYssDES匚RIPTIONDisplaythecurrenttimeinthegivenFORMATForsetthes

38、ystemdate-MandatoryargumentstoLongoptionsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo.-d,date=STRIMGdisplaytimedescribedbystringpnot'nowu:eCFhelmetubuntu:-Bte(iuserconnandsdate(i)NAMEdate-printorsetthesystemdateandtimeSYNOPSISdateoption.+fqrmattdateu|-utc|-universalMMDDhhnnGCY¥*ssDESCRIPTIONDisplaythecur

39、renttineinthegivenFORMAT*rsetthesystendate.Handatoryargunentstolangoptionsar亡nandataryformhoirtnptionstoo.-d,-date=STRiriGC:helnnettnubuntu:«NAMEdate-printorsetthesystemdateandtimeSYNOPSISdateOPTION*.FORMATdate-u|-utc|-universalMMDDhhnnLLccY¥|,ssDESCRIPTIONDisplaythecurrenttineinthegivenFO

40、RMAT,ors呂tthe&y&tenddteMandatoryargumentstolongopttonsaremandatoryforshortoptionstoo-helmetgtubuntj：«aaNAMEdate-printorsetthesystemdate日ndtineSYNOPSISdateOPTION.*+FMHATdate'u|utc|-universal.MMDDhhnnCCYYrssDESCRIPTIONDisplayco亡nttineinth亡gtw巳nFORMATd5巳tth亡R:userconnandsDATE(1)1勺helme

41、tEiubijntu:frTEd)date-prtntoirsetthesystendateandtimeSVNOPSISdateoption,.4-formatdate-u|-utc|universalrMDDhhmmCC¥YJssJDESCRIPTIONDisplaythecurrentttnetnthegivenFORMAT,orsetthesystendate.S:G®®helmetubuntu:-ssss55sssssATE(l)JserConnandsDATENAMEdate-printorsetthesystendateandtimeSYNOPSIS

42、date(OPTION.+FORMATdatei-u|r-utu|-uni蟻es目InrlDDhhEmQtYY*33檢索:haelrntEuibuntij-UserCommandsDATE(l)NAME目t匕'printorsetth£systemSlateandtine5W)P5I£實(shí)驗(yàn)四shell編程一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?了解shell的作用和主要分類。2掌握bash的建立和執(zhí)行方式。3掌握bash的基本語(yǔ)法。4學(xué)會(huì)編寫shell腳本。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容1shell腳本的建立和執(zhí)行。2shell變量和位置參數(shù)、環(huán)境變量。3bash的特殊字符。4一般控制結(jié)構(gòu)。5算術(shù)運(yùn)算及bas

43、h函數(shù)。三、主要實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1.利用vi建立一個(gè)腳本文件，其中包括date、cal、pwd、Is等常用命令。然后以不同方式執(zhí)行該腳本。雲(yún)骨helmet>ubuntu;BdlpwdIsdate"亡xanpLE.c"4Lin亡s,1丘czha日ct亡shelmetubunt:-$vtexample.cheLnetubunt:-$stexample.ccalpwdIsdatehelmetubunt:-$bashcexample.cJuly2015SuMoTuUeThFrSaE23斗5678910111Z1314151617181920212223242S2&272E29

44、初31/hone/helnetDesktopexamplecftie-fileroPicturesVideosDocumentsexamplehCfileioTtleoutPublicDownloadsexamples.desktopfile.cMusicTemplatesUedJul102:51:28PUT20152.運(yùn)行history命令，配置歷史命令環(huán)境。helnetubuntu:/subdir$history1Vi2nndatefilelO3vifilelfl4viexample*c56catexample.cbshexanpleoG7apdssvuddate9cal10el1611w

45、ho12whoamt13echo14gho'Thisisaconnsnd.'15echoThisisaconnandlficlear17pudISIs-I19Is-ai20cd/21Is-I22pwd23cd45mvfileZfilei46Is-147catf*48rnfile349Is-156grep-Fhelmet/etc/passwd51Is-152chmod廿十kfilel53chmodu=r,ug=xftlel54w匚-1-wfilel55nanIs|nore56catfilel|head-29|teefiles57匸廿七fileS|wc58history_3.體會(huì)bash的命令補(bǔ)全功能。命令開頭+Tab鍵。4. 對(duì)思考題4.8進(jìn)行編輯，然后執(zhí)行。£ffk4.fi>*I/bin/bashcount=$flcnd=echowhtle$count-gt0d-ocmd=M$cmd$countHcounts'expr$count-1d-aniee