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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上小升初英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 (1) 一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds(2) 以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches(3) 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries(4) 以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives wolf-wolves(5) 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)
2、數(shù):man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Janpanese-Japanese不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2、名詞所有格(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:a) 單數(shù)后加 s ,如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ,如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 s,
3、如: childrens shoes并列名詞中,如果把 s加在最后一個(gè)名詞后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mikes car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加s Toms and Mikes cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車(2)表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞通常用“ of 名詞”來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系:如:a picture of the classroom , a map of China3、冠詞:不定冠詞、定冠詞基本介紹:a) 不定冠詞:a / an (元音因素開(kāi)頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an)注意: a unit / an uncle an egg / an apple /
4、 an orange / an eraser / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an art lesson /b) 定冠詞:the the egg the plane定冠詞的用法:a. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. b. 復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.c. 談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.d. 在序數(shù)詞前: Jo
5、hns birthday is February the second.e. 用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠詞的情況:a. 專有名詞前:China is a big country. b. 名詞前有定語(yǔ):this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.c. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.d. 在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sund
6、ay.e. 一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.f. 球類 棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但樂(lè)器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.g. 學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.h. 在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.i. 固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus4、代詞:人稱代詞、物主代詞人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格第一人稱單數(shù)I(我)memy(我的)復(fù)數(shù)we(我
7、們)usour(我們的)第二人稱單數(shù)you(你)youyour(你的)復(fù)數(shù)you(你們)youyour(你們的)第三人稱單數(shù)he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)itits(它的)復(fù)數(shù)they(他們/她們/它們)themtheir(他們的/她們的/它們的)5、數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞(1)1-20one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(
8、2)21-99:先說(shuō)“幾十”,再說(shuō)“幾”,中間加連字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one序數(shù)詞(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加theg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)不規(guī)則變化eg.onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加theg.twen
9、tytwentieth, fortyfortieth, ninetyninetieth基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣:基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty將y變成i,th前面有個(gè)e.若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來(lái)后用序。6、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等表示時(shí)間的介詞:1.at表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。 at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午) 2on 表示具體日期。 注:a) 關(guān)于在周末的幾種表示法: at(on)the weekend在周末-
10、特指 at(on)weekends在周末-泛指 over the weekend在整個(gè)周末 during the weekend在周末期間 b) 在圣誕節(jié)期間,應(yīng)說(shuō)at Christmas而不說(shuō)on Christmas 3in 表示時(shí)段、時(shí)期In 1988在1998年,in December在12月,in the 21th century在21世紀(jì),in Summer 在夏天In the morning 在早上表示位置的介詞:1. in 表示“在里面,在某區(qū)域內(nèi),在一個(gè)空間的內(nèi)部”in the classroom, in the room, in the bag, in the desk2.
11、on 表示“在上面(表面有接觸)”O(jiān)n the road, on the tabble, on the desk3. at 表示在某地點(diǎn),強(qiáng)調(diào)在某個(gè)位置點(diǎn)(點(diǎn)位置)at the shool gate在校門口 ,at home 在家 , at school在學(xué)校4. under 表示“在的正下方”,指垂直上下方under the tabble, under the bed , under the tree, under the bridge5. over 表示“在垂直的上方”,與under相對(duì)over the river, over our head6. between 表示“在之間”,用于兩者
12、之間He sits between Jack and Lily.7. behind 表示“在后面”,表示靜態(tài)的位置There is an apple tree behind the house.8. In front of 表示“在前面”,指靜態(tài)的位置There is a garden in front of my window. *in the front of 表示“在前部(內(nèi)部的前面)” The teacher is in the front of the classroom.(在教室內(nèi)部的前面)9. after 與 beforeafter表示“在后面”,表示動(dòng)態(tài)的位置,也表示先后次序。
13、before表示“在前面”,表示動(dòng)態(tài)或靜態(tài)的位置。 The dog is running after a hare. 那條狗正在追趕一只野兔。 Spring comes after winter. 冬去春來(lái)。 He sat before me. 他坐在我前面。10. beside 表示“在旁邊”She sits beside me. 她坐在我旁邊7、形容詞與副詞(1) 形容詞:用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞,描述人或物的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)等,一般放在名詞前。如:beautiful, little, small, lovely。 a beautiful girl, a little boy, a tall t
14、ree(2) 副詞:一般放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后面,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的前面,修飾動(dòng)詞,修飾動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式,頻率等等。如:quietly, loudly, happily。shout loudly, smile happily, walk quickly形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律:a. 在形容詞后面直接加ly,如:loud-loudly, quiet-quietly, quick-quickly, careful-carefullyb. 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,變y為i加ly, 如:happy-happilyc. 不規(guī)則變化:early-early, hard-hard, late-late, h
15、igh-high, far-far8、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?;蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句,動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s(動(dòng)詞第三單形式),主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句,動(dòng)詞用原形。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesnt),一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does,句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù),否定句用do+
16、not (dont),一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加do,句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則:(1)一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks(2)以s, x, sh, ch, o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes, do-does(3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies9、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作??隙ň浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ) + be + 動(dòng)詞ing + 其他.否定句:主
17、語(yǔ) + be + not + 動(dòng)詞ing +其他.一般疑問(wèn)句:Be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing + 其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing + 其他?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則(1)一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting(3)如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母(重讀閉音節(jié)),雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping.10、一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去
18、時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。(1) Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化:a) am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as (was not=wasnt)b) are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere (were not=werent)c) 帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。(2)句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí):肯定句:主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 +其他.否定句:主語(yǔ) + didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他. 如:Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句:Did + 主語(yǔ) +
19、 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他?如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問(wèn)句:a) 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他? 如: What did Jim do yesterday? b) 疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):特殊疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他?如:Who went to home yesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則:1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的
20、,變y為i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swa
21、m, sit-sat11、一般將來(lái)時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu):be going to + do; will+ do I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitti
22、ng , getting12、感嘆句What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:1)What + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) ?。ê竺娴闹髡Z(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)可省略)What a great dream it is!What an interesting story it is!2)What + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) ?。ê竺娴闹髡Z(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)可省略)What beautiful flowers they are!3)What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) !(后面的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)可省略)What delicious food it is!What nice fo
23、od it is !How引導(dǎo)的感嘆詞:How + 形容詞/副詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) ?。ê竺娴闹髡Z(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)可省略)How beautiful the city is!How happily the children are playing!13、祈使句祈使句表示請(qǐng)求或命令別人做某事或不要做某事,是表示命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告或建議等的句子。祈使句的第二人稱主語(yǔ)you通常省略,并以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭,祈使句的句尾可用句號(hào)或感嘆號(hào),一般用降調(diào)。(1) 肯定祈使句:主語(yǔ)為第二人稱的祈使句:Open the door, please! 請(qǐng)把門打開(kāi)!Close the door, please! 請(qǐng)關(guān)上門!Be ca
24、reful!主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的祈使句: Let me have a look. 讓我看一看主語(yǔ)為第三人稱的祈使句: Let + 第三人稱名詞或代詞(him,her,it,them) + 其他。 Let him go there. Let her answer the question.(2) 否定祈使句祈使句的否定形式是在動(dòng)詞前面加dont.Dont sleep here.Dont cross the road now.14、陳述句陳述句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)的句子,主要功能是傳遞信息、提供情況。陳述句的結(jié)構(gòu)是通常是主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后,讀降調(diào),句末用句號(hào)。陳述句有肯定形式和否定形式。肯定句:主語(yǔ) +
25、 謂語(yǔ) .I like apples.I want to buy some apples.否定句:(1) 句中含有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后直接加not。結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ) + be + not . 主語(yǔ) + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 .She is an English teacher. She is not an English teacher.I can swim. I can not swim.(3) 句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞dont,doesnt或didnt,原來(lái)的動(dòng)詞改為動(dòng)詞原形。結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ) + do / does / did + no
26、t + 動(dòng)詞原形 .She likes apples. She doesnt like apples.(4) 否定縮略形式:is not = ist are not = arent was not = wasnt were not = werent can not = cant could not = couldnt do not = dont does not = doesnt did not = didnt will not = wont15、疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題或詢問(wèn)情況的句子,根據(jù)功能可分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。一般疑問(wèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句是可以用yes和no
27、來(lái)回答的句子。其形式一般是將句子中的be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞放到句首,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成動(dòng)詞原形。一般疑問(wèn)句的回答有兩種,肯定回答用Yes,否定回答用No。Are you an English teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.(No, Im not.)Can she swim? Yes, she can. / No, she cant.Is there any water in the bottle? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt.Does he like apples? Yes, he does. / No, he does
28、nt.陳述句變一般疑問(wèn)句:(1) 含有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),將be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放到句首。結(jié)構(gòu):Be動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) ? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 ?I am an Engllish teacher. Are you an English teacher?She can swim. Can she swim?(2) 句中無(wú)be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。結(jié)構(gòu):Do / Does / Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 ?Her mother bought her a bike. Did her mother buy her a bike?T
29、hey went to the park yesterday afternoon. Did they go to the park yesterday afternoon?She likes apples. Does she like apples?They like dogs. Do they like dogs?16、特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句是由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的,詢問(wèn)具體情況,比如詢問(wèn)某人做了什么事、事情發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間或什么地點(diǎn)等等,句尾通常用降調(diào)。特殊疑問(wèn)詞: who(誰(shuí)), what(什么), which(哪個(gè)), whose(誰(shuí)的), when(什么時(shí)候), where(哪里), how
30、(怎么), why(為什么)(1) 特殊疑問(wèn)詞做主語(yǔ)(對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)),用陳述句語(yǔ)序。What makes our park so dirty?Who is standing over there?Whose car is this?What is in your hand?(2) 對(duì)其他部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。Why did you call me yesterday?Where do you live?特殊疑問(wèn)句的回答根據(jù)疑問(wèn)句的具體問(wèn)題來(lái)回答。對(duì)人進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用Who; Who is your cousin?對(duì)物品所屬進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用Whose; Whose car is this?對(duì)東西進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用What; What is this? / What makes our city dirty?對(duì)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用Whatdo? What do you want to do in the future?對(duì)方式進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用How; How do you go to school every day?對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用When; When will the party begin?對(duì)地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用Where; Where do you live?對(duì)原因進(jìn)行提問(wèn),用Why; Why are
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