高考完形填空解題技巧課件(2)

1、How to do cloze tests?高考總體要求高考總體要求 完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、閱讀完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、閱讀理解能力和總體語(yǔ)言水平。理解能力和總體語(yǔ)言水平。 解題過(guò)程是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇中的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)、解題過(guò)程是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇中的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)、推斷、驗(yàn)證的過(guò)程，通常我們可以推斷、驗(yàn)證的過(guò)程，通常我們可以借助語(yǔ)篇借助語(yǔ)篇的上下文線索以及文化背景知識(shí)等的上下文線索以及文化背景知識(shí)等進(jìn)行解題。進(jìn)行解題。Brief introduction Step1 Skip(跳讀跳讀) the passage to get the general idea and pay attentio

2、n to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence (首句首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(.(完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進(jìn)入完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進(jìn)入語(yǔ)境）語(yǔ)境）Skip the following passage and try to get the general idea of it. The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease s

3、ince the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century. Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 2 holding the baby. “What we know is that its goo

4、d for the 3 if men and women share the burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 4 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 5 day off work. Experts fear that the tendenc

5、y for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers 6 to give young women the permanent（永久的）（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (產(chǎn)假產(chǎn)假). In January, Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave, with a warming: use it or 7 it. Kindlund admits that men

6、are under 8 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “Its not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But its good for the father and for the child if they can 9 a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 10 policy has worked wonders. 70% of

7、 dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe. General idea:In European countries, the birthrate has decreased. So the governments are taking measures to encourage parents to create more babies.Step2 Reread and choose the best a

8、nswer for each blank by using some methods. 在把握語(yǔ)篇大意的基礎(chǔ)上，借助于在把握語(yǔ)篇大意的基礎(chǔ)上，借助于 一些恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案。一些恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案。Discuss:What are your methods of doing cloze tests?Four methods( (四種常用的方法四種常用的方法) )：1、context 上下文語(yǔ)境上下文語(yǔ)境2、word distinctions or collocations 詞詞語(yǔ)辨析和固定搭配語(yǔ)辨析和固定搭配3、information given in the passage 利利用文

9、章中的信息（原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義用文章中的信息（原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等）詞等）4、cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常識(shí)文化背景和常識(shí) 1、Information given in the passage 利用文利用文章中的信息章中的信息( (原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等）原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等） (1) Miss Brown said, “ May I 17 (correct) a small mistake that you made, Miss Dike? Columbus crossed the 18 in the 15th ,

10、 not the 16th century. He 19 (discovered) America in 1492. Sir Francis Drake was a great sailor in the 16th century. You 20 (might have crossed) the Atlantic ocean with him. A. Pacific B. Indian C. Arctic D. Atlantic (2) I remember as a child I said something 40 about somebody, and my father said, “

11、Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, its a reflection of you.” (NMET2005山東山東) A. unkind B. unnecessary C. unimportant D. unusual (3) Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. 2007上海）上海） A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. socia

12、bleDAB2、Word distinctions or collocations詞詞語(yǔ)辨析和固定搭配語(yǔ)辨析和固定搭配(1) Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their 4 (subjects) . Many people learn English because it is 5 (useful) in their work. Some young people learn English 6 (for) their higher studies because some of their books are

13、 7 English. A. in B. with C. at D. of (2) With such a credit card, you can travel and entertain when and where you 15 (want) . The world s leading hotels, motels and resorts（勝（勝地）地）welcome the Card. You can charge nearly everything, including golf and tennis 16 . A. money B. fares C. tickets D. fees

14、AD3、Context 上下文語(yǔ)境上下文語(yǔ)境(1) The ancient Greeks were very interested in the nature of the world around them and put forward many interesting theories to explain things. Sometimes they were right, 1 very often they were wrong. A. and B. so C. but D. for (2) Are your table manners much better when you ar

15、e eating at a friends home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, 1 (because) you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. You take special pains when you are eating 2 . (2005上海上海) A. in public B. at home C. at ease D. in a hurryCA4、Cultural background and comm

16、on sense文化背景和常識(shí)文化背景和常識(shí)(1) the mother was holding their baby daughter, Ally. The little girl had some food stuck in her throat, and could hardly breathe. Mr. White drove them to . The ambulance was running very fast along the road. A. the best hospital B. the biggest hospital C. the nearest hospital

17、D. the Childrens Hospital(2) People of Burhngton are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 26 have made up their minds to 27 (ring) the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest （抗議）（抗議） against heavy trucks which

18、 run 28(day and night) through the narrow High Street.(NMET1999) A. college B. village C. town D. church CDStep3 Read the passage again and checkthe answers.（將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查）查） Tips:1、the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate（時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主謂語(yǔ)在上下文時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主謂語(yǔ)在上下文的中是否一致）的中是否一致

19、）2、grammar and collocations（語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用法的（語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否邏輯上一致）搭配在上下文中是否邏輯上一致）3、the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫)4、the meaning of the whole passage（整體上檢查（整體上檢查結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)義及邏輯是否一致，上下文的銜接是否合理）結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)義及邏輯是否一致，上下文的銜接是否合理）Step1 Skip the passage to get the general idea

20、and pay attention to the first sentence.（跳讀掌握大意，注意首句）（跳讀掌握大意，注意首句）Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.（借助于一些恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案）（借助于一些恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案）Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（復(fù)讀檢查）（復(fù)讀檢查）Three stepsSum up（總結(jié)）（總結(jié)）1、context 上下文語(yǔ)境上下文語(yǔ)境2、word distin

21、ctions or collocations 詞語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)辨析和固定搭配辨析和固定搭配3、information given in the passage 利用利用文章中的信息（原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義文章中的信息（原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等）詞等）4、cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常識(shí)文化背景和常識(shí)Four methods Do a cloze test and think about the methods. The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 196

22、0s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century. Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 2 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 3

23、if men and women share the burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 4 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 5 day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women

24、to use most of the parental leave could make employers A BACD 6 to give young women the permanent（永久的）（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (產(chǎn)產(chǎn)假假). In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months paid leave, with a warming: use it or 7 it. Kindlund admits that men are u

25、nder 8 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “Its not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But its good for the father and for the child if they can 9 a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 10 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads

26、 in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe.DDCBBHow many methods are used when you do this cloze?Discuss:The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decreas since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are pr

27、oviding great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century. Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1(in spite of) cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 2 (left) holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 3(birth-rate) if men and women share the

28、burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry.4 (Even though) Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n)5 (single) day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employerscontext (上下