定語(yǔ)從句(完整版限制性定語(yǔ)從句)

1、Grammar說(shuō)明說(shuō)明本章內(nèi)容可用兩種學(xué)習(xí)方法。本章內(nèi)容可用兩種學(xué)習(xí)方法。1.學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊空白處學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊空白處學(xué)習(xí)。2.可用點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)，例如，可點(diǎn)擊可用點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)，例如，可點(diǎn)擊 來(lái)進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。來(lái)進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。3.圖標(biāo)圖標(biāo) 是供奧班學(xué)生或有能力的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。是供奧班學(xué)生或有能力的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。Attributive clause (限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句) 先行詞和關(guān)系詞先行詞和關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞的使用方法關(guān)系代詞的使用方法 定語(yǔ)從句中需注意事項(xiàng)定語(yǔ)從句中需注意事項(xiàng) 附加部分附加部分習(xí)題習(xí)題 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、

2、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞分詞、不定式不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)為例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 在英語(yǔ)中，修飾名詞名詞或代詞代詞的句子句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.先行詞和關(guān)系詞先行詞和關(guān)系詞q先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

3、q關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。q先行詞、關(guān)系詞先行詞、關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞對(duì)等對(duì)等 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 bikeq關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，又在定關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，又在定 語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句q普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sisterI have a sis

4、ter who/that works in Shanghai.q普通代詞普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例只起代替的作用（如上例she)q關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞： （如上例（如上例who/which） 1. 除了除了代替代替先行詞外，先行詞外，2.它還在定語(yǔ)從句中它還在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任擔(dān)任一定的一定的成分成分，3. 同時(shí)同時(shí)連接連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 （把主句和從句連起來(lái)）（把主句和從句連起來(lái)） 說(shuō)明如下說(shuō)明如下vThe building is our school.+The building stands by the river.= The building whi

5、ch/that stands by the river is our school. 先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 從句從句 which、that 是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞the building, 同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語(yǔ)，也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語(yǔ)，也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接 起來(lái)。起來(lái)。v 關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，定語(yǔ)從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況

6、下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的而且它的 人稱(chēng)、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句主句) The woman is my mother(從句從句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.主語(yǔ)是單數(shù) The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. (主句主句)The women are famous scientists. (從句從句)Th

7、e women are speaking at the meeting.主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù) 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞判判 斷斷 步步 驟驟 :v 首先，要辨別出先行詞。首先，要辨別出先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用關(guān)系詞可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用關(guān)系詞可能用which或或thatv 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表先行詞 主格 賓格 所有格 人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of whichv 最后

8、，要確定關(guān)系代詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)最后，要確定關(guān)系代詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)(請(qǐng)看以上例句請(qǐng)看以上例句)v注意注意q 定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(敘述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)敘述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (從句從句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yesterday表示過(guò)去時(shí)間表示過(guò)去時(shí)間)v定語(yǔ)從句的辨認(rèn)（定語(yǔ)從句的辨認(rèn)（思考步驟）思考步驟） 找

9、出先行詞找出先行詞 a.確定在從句中關(guān)系代詞的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和性。確定在從句中關(guān)系代詞的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和性。 b.確定定語(yǔ)從句的位置確定定語(yǔ)從句的位置 確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關(guān)系代詞的格確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關(guān)系代詞的格 確定從句的時(shí)態(tài)確定從句的時(shí)態(tài) （定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)都不受主句的限制）（定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)都不受主句的限制）關(guān)系代詞的使用方法關(guān)系代詞的使用方法定語(yǔ)從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 that多指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。（that/which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can fl

10、y. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost? 2. which 指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)不可省略;

11、作賓語(yǔ)可以省略。 ( which 與that 指物時(shí)可以互相代替，that 更常見(jiàn)。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonder

12、ful. 3. who 指人(既它的先行詞必須是人),在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。但whom 是賓格,只能作賓語(yǔ)。(that有時(shí)也指人.代替who,whom,可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)) 1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. 2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met y

13、esterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.4.whose 是代詞的所有格形式是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。q I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.qIll call a person. His father knows you. Ill call a person whose father knows you.qPlease show me the book . Its cover

14、is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She

15、is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意: 固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前介詞不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at v關(guān)系代詞與介詞關(guān)系代詞與介詞 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用which代物代物, 和和whom代人代人。(介詞在末尾時(shí)介詞在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略關(guān)系詞可以省略) 3 )The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in whic

16、h I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the

17、picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for. 定語(yǔ)從句中需注意事項(xiàng)定語(yǔ)從句中需注意事項(xiàng)v 有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)或或序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí),只能用只能用that引導(dǎo)從句引導(dǎo)從句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The f

18、irst meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行詞是先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything不定代詞不定代詞時(shí)時(shí),只能用只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行詞既有先行詞既有人人也有也有物物時(shí)時(shí),只能用只能用that引出從句引出從句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(th

19、at) I see.4.先行詞是先行詞是one of,the one, 或用或用little,few, no, all,any 作修飾，用作修飾，用that Is it the one that you want ?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.當(dāng)當(dāng)主句主句已有已有疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞 who或或which時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v從例句中看出，從例句中看出，who、that

20、在許多情況下可以在許多情況下可以通用通用，但，但有時(shí)宜用有時(shí)宜用 用用who,而而不用不用that1.先行詞是先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在在there be 句型中，先行詞指人句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用關(guān)系詞用who There is an old man who wants to see

21、you.There are many young men who are against him.附加部分附加部分 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有 數(shù)種作用。數(shù)種作用。o 在從句中代替先行詞。在從句中代替先行詞。o在句中在句中作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。o連接作用，把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。連接作用，把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有有三種三種： where:在從句中作在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代地點(diǎn)指代地點(diǎn). ( on/in/atwhich) when: 在從句中

22、作在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代時(shí)間。指代時(shí)間。(on/ inwhich) why: 在從句中作在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ),指代原因。指代原因。 關(guān)系副詞的用法：關(guān)系副詞的用法： 1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞）先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 關(guān)系詞

23、略關(guān)系詞略we stayed at wasnt clean . at the hotel. We stayedthere.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞從句從句從句從句共有五個(gè)共有五個(gè)不同的句不同的句子來(lái)表達(dá)。子來(lái)表達(dá)。2.when的用法：的用法： （先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞）先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞） Ill never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)) Ill never forget the day on whic

24、h I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.從從句句3.why的用法：的用法： ( 表示原因的名詞表示原因的名詞) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party 略 在口語(yǔ)中,關(guān)系副詞where、w

25、hen、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。 Exerc sesI.Rewrite the sentencesII.Choose the best answersIII.TranslateI.把下列單句合并成含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen.2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike?3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing

26、 under the tree.4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now.5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.The little girl whose money had been sto

27、len was crying on the street.Have you seen the bike whose colour is green.The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us.Where is the man who talked with you just now?The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice. The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday is very interes

28、ting. The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher8. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. 9. Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese” 10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.11.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many ap

29、ple trees.12.This is the room. We lived in it last year.13.The children are very healthy. She is looking after them.14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend. Im reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese” He works in a school ne

30、ar which there is a big store .This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year.This is the room in which /where we lived last year.The children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.I know the boy who/that can speak English wellHe used to live in a house in front of which grew many

31、 apple trees15.The season is summer.It comes after spring.16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it. 18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.19.This is the town.He was born in the town. 20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?The seaso

32、n which comes after spring is summer.The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterday was American.The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.I cant find the house (which /that) my friend lives in.I cant find the house in which /where my friend lives.I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for.Th

33、is is the town (which/that) he was born in.This is the town in which/where he was born.Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on?Do you remember the day on which we arrived here?Do you remember the day when we arrived here?II.單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it

34、 D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who5. What is t

35、he animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.which6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very use

36、ful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D/10.The man_is smoking is a tailor. A.whom B.who C.which D.what _ACBDBCCAAB11Which animal is your favourite? The one _has a long neck. A.which B.that C.it D.who12.Is

37、this the factory _produces colour TV sets? A.what B./C.which D.where13.The high building _is a big hotel. A.that he is looking B.which he is looking C.we are looking at D.at that we are looking14Is there anyone _ can answer this question? A.which B.whom C.who D.he15.In the afternoon well visit the h

38、igh school _is very famous here. A.which B.where C.it D./16.The fox _ the chickens were killed was shot. A.that B.which C.for that D.by which17.The computer _can store a lot of information is widely used today. A.in which B.that C.with which D.where18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday? A.t

39、hat B.where C.in which D.the one19.Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _ran after each other on the road. A.who B.which C.that D.as20.Shanghai is the place in _he was born. A.which B.what C.whose D.thatBCCCADBACA21.Do you know the man _is painting the house? Of course.Hes my uncle. A. whom B.who

40、C.which D.whose22.The hospital _was built last year will open soon. A.where B.which C.who D./23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot. A.who B.that C.its D.whose24.The hospital _his father works in is a new one. A.that B.in that C.in which D.where26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the poli

41、ce. A.his B.who C.whos D.whose27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be found. A.which,in B.which ,with C.that ,by D.that ,for28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cover is broken ？ A.which B.that C.who D.whose 29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked ？ A.who B.whom C.that D.whose30.This is the book_Im looki

42、ng for. A./ B.which C.that D.all the aboveBBDADBDBD31This is the only book _I bought last year. A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B32.All_Im going to do is good. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital. A.whose B.which C.whos D.at which34.This is the best

43、book_I have read. A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B35.This is the school_ I worked seven years ago. A.in which B.in that C.which D. that36.All the books_I put on the desk are yours. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth. A.which B.the one C that D. the

44、 one what38.Is this the river_I can swim? A.which B.that C.in which D.the one39.Watch the old lady and her dog_are crossing the street. A. which B. that C .who D.they40.Can you lend me the dictionary_the other day? A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it BAAAAABC

45、BA41.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago. A.where B.which C.what D.in which42.Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south? A.whose B.which C which of D.its43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree44This is the last time _Ill give you a lesson. A.when B.that C.what D.as45.I dont think the number of people_ this happen