英語語音復(fù)習

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語語音復(fù)習語言有語音、語法、詞匯三大部分，而語音又是首要的。只有學(xué)好了語音，才能聽懂別人說的話，也才能讓別人聽懂自己說的話。能聽能說，英語就學(xué)活了，否則就是“聾子英語”、“啞巴英語”。學(xué)好語音的要求有五條：一是要掌握好國際音標，做到發(fā)音基本正確、清晰；二是要掌握基本語調(diào)，做到語速適中，無太多的“卡殼”，使會話能順利地進行；三是要熟練掌握和運用基本的讀音規(guī)則，看見一個單詞不查字典就能基本準確地讀出來；四是要學(xué)會劃分意群，按意群停頓，掌握好抑揚頓挫，提高交流的效果；五是要掌握基本語調(diào)、音的高低和力度。Part 國際音標：1. 元音（20個）長元音/:/:/:/i:/u:

2、/短元音/e/e/a/ 雙元音/e/a/2. 輔音（28個）輕輔音/p/t/k/f/s/濁輔音/b/d/g/v/z/輕輔音/h/ts/t/tr/濁輔音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/半元音/j/ w/邊音/Part 音節(jié)說話時最小的語音單位叫音節(jié)，通常由一個元音加上一個或幾個輔音構(gòu)成，但是單獨一個元音也能成為一個音節(jié)。輔音 /l/, /m/, /n/ 在后面沒有元音時，也能和前面的輔音構(gòu)成一個音節(jié)。音節(jié)按形式可分為開音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)和r音節(jié)三種；按音量可分為重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)。1. 音節(jié)的種類開音節(jié)：以下兩種音節(jié)屬開音節(jié)。1） 以讀音的元音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)，如：go, me, flu。2） 以

3、“輔音字母（r除外）+ 不發(fā)音的e”為結(jié)尾的音節(jié)，如: blade, delete, slide, slope, mute。閉音節(jié)：以一個或幾個輔音字母（r除外）結(jié)尾而中間只有一個元音字母的音節(jié)，如：add, web, disc, dust, grasp。r音節(jié)：“元音字母 + r”的音節(jié)稱為r音節(jié)，如：starve, herd, girl, short, burn等。2. 音節(jié)的劃分：音節(jié)劃分的基本規(guī)則：1） 在兩個音節(jié)的分界線上如果只有一個輔音字母（r除外），這個字母歸右面的音節(jié)，第一個字母按開音節(jié)讀音。如：student, adopt, behave2) 分界線上有兩個輔音字母（第一個不

4、是r），這兩個輔音字母分別劃歸左右兩個音節(jié)，第一個音節(jié)按重讀閉音節(jié)讀音。如: channel, command, hostile3) 分界線上有兩個輔音字母，第一個是r，這兩個字母可分別劃歸左右兩個音節(jié)，第一個音節(jié)按重讀r音節(jié)讀音。如：corner, reporter, sharpen但是如果分界線上的兩個輔音字母是r，左邊的重讀音節(jié)按閉音節(jié)讀音。如：narrow, sorrow, sparrow, carrot等。Part 單詞重音重讀音節(jié)： 單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節(jié)。重讀符號為“ ”，標注在重讀音節(jié)前左上方，如：/tmru/，也可以直接在單詞里標注，如：tomorrow。次重讀符號“ ”，

5、標注在重讀音節(jié)前左下方，如：municipality。單音節(jié)詞單獨讀時都重讀。如：net, mouse, quit。雙音節(jié)詞的重音多數(shù)落在第一音節(jié)上。如: tennis, context, copper，但有前綴a-，be-，mis-，en-，ex-，im-，in-，re-等雙音節(jié)詞，重音一般落在第二個音節(jié)上。如：about, before, explain, report, mistake。以un-前綴開頭和有后綴-teen的雙音節(jié)詞通常有兩個重音。如：unfair, unknown, fourteen, thirteen。雙音節(jié)詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的多音節(jié)詞，重音一般在原詞根的重讀音節(jié)上。

6、如：unfriendly, requirement, officer。多音節(jié)詞的重音多數(shù)落在倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)上。如：immigrant, imperative次重音：在含有3個或更多音節(jié)的單詞中，有的除了有主重音還有次重音，次重音表示讀該音節(jié)時要弱于重音節(jié)而強于其他音節(jié)。如：international, responsibilityPart 元音字母的讀音1. 在中的讀音讀 音例 詞a/ei/pave, game, shapee/i:/free, see, beei/ai/life, mile, fileo/u/code, logo, hopeu/ju:/ / u:/use, mute, men

7、u2. 元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)中的讀音讀 音例 詞a/tag, black, packet e/e/seti/i/this, six, milko/box, log, clock u/nut, hub, lunch3. 元音字母在重讀-r音節(jié)中的讀音元音組合讀 音例 詞ar/:/bar, start, marketor/:/sport, short, porteriruror(w之后)/:/her, certainly, herbbird, first, shirtturn, nurse, purposeword, worse, worm4. 元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 讀 音例 詞a / /

8、e/i/ /a/, memorizeo/ /u/, maximum/ju(:)/注：u處在開音節(jié)位置，又在jlrs后面時，讀 /u(:)/ 音，例如：。5. 常見組合在中的讀音元音字母組合讀音例詞ai ayei ey/ei/ say, again, playeight, they, greyal/o:/ball, talk, wallea/i:/tea, teacher, pleaseee/i:/green, bee, threeoa/boat, coat, load oo/u:/noon, moon, food/look, book, cookouow/a/mouth, house, abo

9、uthow, brown, downoi oy/boy, toy, noisePart 輔音字母的讀音輔音字母的讀音都比較固定，除c, g, s, y外，字母和音標幾乎一一對應(yīng)。 c在e, i, y前讀 /s/，在其他情況下讀 / k /。例如：certify, circuit, cycle; cabinet, comedy g在e, i, y前讀 /，在其他情況下讀 /g /。例如：shortage, giant, gymnasium; gallon, global, graceful s在一般情況下讀/s/，在兩個元音字母之間讀/z/。例如：salary, structure; visib

10、le, suppose y在音節(jié)開頭、元音字母前讀 / j /，在其他情況下讀 /ai/ 或 /i/。 例如：yell, yield; satisfy, classify; copy, city。1. 輔音字母的讀音輔音字母讀 音例 詞b/b/board, bike, bluec/k/cake, card, cape/s/face, bicycle, cinemad/d/desk, disc, depthf/f/fine, fight, offg/orange, large, college/g/goods, bag, glassh/h/hello, hat, handj/jacket, jo

11、b, Junek/k/keyboard, like, bikel/l/yellow, life, lake apple, full, bottlem/m/morning, name, memoryn/n/novel, nice, needlep/p/grasp, happen, pleasurer/r/rose, rocket, respects/s/spell, thanks, silver/z/please, nose, exposet/t/what, white, tennisv/v/evening, invest, visiblew/w/woory, waitress, wellx/k

12、s/box, exercise, experiencey/j/you, yellow, youthz/z/zoo, zero, realize2. 常見輔音字母組合的讀音sh/English, shine, ship ch / tch/China, chess, matchth/thank, three, thrive/that, they, thereafterck/k/black, chick, checkph/f/phone, property, purposewh/w/what, white, whisper/h/who, whose, wholetr/tr/tree, trick,

13、tripdr/dr/dress, dragon, driverts/ts/cats, students, peasantsds/dz/beds, hands, cardsqu/kw/quite, quiet, questionExercises1. 利用開閉音節(jié)讀音規(guī)則拼讀下列單詞。blame bathegracespadegradeshapeskatesavewaveshaveblack snackpassivematchmatterchatcatchwatchsmashratmeter evebeepeterseeevileveneveningfevervehicleetneck pet

14、bet wetdesktopforgetneckinspectsectioninspectdive filehidehikeshinethrivesmileprovideslideknifedisc fishhabbitrabbitmissingtransmitpermitpictureknittissueslope globecodehopeholenoticenotebooksmokeexposeproposerock cockgossiprobberrocketshocksocketpocketstocktopicmute tubeusemuleusagenucleusuniversep

15、upildutycubicshut luckducknumberrubberpublicpuppyshuttlenumbconductsharp barkmarkparkmarkettargetstarvecarvebartercarpetsport dormnormportporketshortagestorageexporttransportpassportexpert exertinvertobservedirtyskirtshirtnursecurveburst2. 拼讀下列單詞（所選例詞均為四級詞匯，同時注意讀音與拼寫的關(guān)系）。ash absorb acquisition anthr

16、opologist beneficialbiology candidate community copyright currencydeadline deliberate disorder embarrass exaggerateexit feedback financial fortnight geometryhighlight honorable hydrogen inhabitant initiativejungle kneel lane moisture mythnightmare optical physician psychological qualificationresembl

17、e riddle shrink spit suicidetame tag thrive thumb tractorutility virtue waterproof widespread worshipcreation customer breeze champion ceremonycharter civilization container constitution destinationlayout lifetime musician nationality scholarshipexit graph decode define catalogdelete marker reserve

18、refile framePart 一些常見的語音現(xiàn)象1. 句子重音：實詞重讀，虛詞輕讀。句子重音體現(xiàn)句子的節(jié)奏感和韻律感，突出重點，使聽者更容易理解。在句子中，實詞（名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞）通常需要重讀，而虛詞(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反身代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞和系動詞be)往往不需要重讀。實詞在下列特殊情況下不需要重讀。1) 實詞第二次出現(xiàn)。例如： He thinks of that as a child thinks.2) 一個名詞被另一個名詞修飾。例如： I met her in the railway station. 3)

19、代替詞。例如Which book do you want? The small one.4) 感嘆詞中的 what 和how。例如： What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! 5) street 在專有名詞中。例如Wangfujing Street. 虛詞在下列特殊情況下需要重讀。1) 情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和系動詞be在句首，句尾和否定時。例如：Do you like it? Yes, I do. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I dont like this. He isnt a worker. 2) 情態(tài)動詞表示可能，

20、驚奇和肯定時。例如： They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. 3) 介詞在句首和句尾。例如： In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. 4) 引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。例如： If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him. 5) 反身代詞表示強調(diào)。例如：He couldnt come himself.Exercises朗讀下列句子。1.

21、There is a book on the desk.2. My sister put up a picture on the wall.3. John wants to see the teacher after class.4. She reads a lot about the country.5. An elephant is an animal.6. Understanding the culture helps language learning.7. The language is hard to learn, but its interesting.8. Dont tell

22、me about that! It sounds so great!9. What about you, Ken？Where are you planning to take your vacation?10. Just think, in a few days Ill be swimming every day, playing beach ball, lying in the sun and just taking it easy.2. 連讀在連貫地說話或朗讀時，在同一個意群(即短語或從句)中，如果相鄰的兩個詞前者以輔音音素結(jié)尾，后者以元音音素開頭，就要自然地將輔音和元音相拼，構(gòu)成一個音節(jié)

23、, 這就是連讀。連讀時的音節(jié)一般不重讀，只需順其自然地一帶而過，不可以加音，也不可以讀得太重。例如：在讀not at all這個短語時，聽起來就像是一個單詞。注意：連讀只發(fā)生在句子中的同一個意群中，在兩個意群之間即使有兩個相鄰的輔音和元音出現(xiàn)，也不可連讀。例如：Please take a look at it.這個句子中take a look at it是同一個意群，那么take與a可連讀，look與at可連讀，at與it可連讀。在There is a book in it.一句中book與in往往不連讀，因為book與in分別在兩個不同的意群中。Exercises朗讀下列句子，注意連讀。 1

24、. Take a look at it. 2. Ill be back in half an hour. 3. There is a pair of shoes. 4. She was away from her own country for a long time. 5. Shall we meet at ten oclock tomorrow morning? 6. Each of us had a sandwich and a cup of tea. 7. Is it very cloudy outside? 8. There are many books and notebooks

25、on the desk. 9. In our modern age, we use a lot of electricity. 10. Many of us will go out tonight.3. 停頓在說英語時，如果想要清晰、流利地表達你的意思，運用好停頓是非常關(guān)鍵的。同時，在朗讀英語時養(yǎng)成良好的停頓習慣，可以慢慢培養(yǎng)一種英語邏輯思維，從而更容易接受英語，掌握英語，并運用好英語。 在一個句子里語法關(guān)系非常密切，不能再分割的單位，叫一個意群。意群可以是一個單詞，也可以是一個詞組，但是一個意群里至少有一個重讀音節(jié)。每個意群中不能停頓，但意群之間可以作短暫的停頓。一個較長的句子，一口氣講完有

26、困難，或無法使對方明白自己的意思，通常會在每個句子成分后有一個停頓，如主語部分，謂語部分，賓語部分，狀語部分，從句子等。Exercises劃分意群并正確朗讀下列句子。1. The sky is blue and the sun is bright. 2. Im just wondering where you got that stupid idea. 3. Hes the one who breaks my heart and plunges me into depression.4. The passage tells us that last week there was bad wea

27、ther all the way from the East Coast to the West Coast.5. Last Sunday evening, most of my classmates went to Christmas party held by Mr. John.6. During the Spring Festival, as a rule, the Chinese people have a get-together or visit friends.7. The woman is sure that her son wont do all the things the

28、 man mentioned when he grows up.8. During summer when the holiday may last two or three months many students go to big cities for chances to find a job that will enable them to earn some money for their expenses in the new academic year.9. The menu that the waiter handed to the man gave the correct

29、price for each dish and each bottle wine; while the menu that he handed to the lady gave a much higher price.10. That also means weve had to cancel the session and anyone who signed up for it should now choose between the other two sessions which are running this afternoon.4. 失去爆破在單詞、短語或者句子里，如果爆破音 /

30、, /, /，/,/，/ 后面跟另一個爆破音或破擦音時，前面一個爆破音只作發(fā)音口形，短暫地停頓一下，隨即發(fā)出下一個爆破音或破擦音，這就是不完全爆破。例如：I don(t) think so, do(c)tor.Sto (p) talking.She too(k)goo(d) care of the children. As(k) Bob to si(t) behind me.Exercises朗讀下列句子，注意爆破音的讀法。1. He has a bad cold today.2. Have you read the book about that child。3. The girl in t

31、he red coat was on a black bike just now. 4. The big bus from the factory is full of people. 5. This is an old picture of a big car. 6. The old doctor has a cat, too. 7. What would you like, hot tea or black coffee? 8. You can put it down in the big garden. 9. I bought a cheap book, but its a good b

32、ook. 10. I went there alone at nine last night5濁化 清輔音跟著一個元音，前面又有一個 /s/ ，無論是在單詞的最前面還是中間，只要是在重讀音節(jié)或次重讀音節(jié)里，一般都讀成對應(yīng)濁輔音，如stand, strike, speak, sky 等等。 如果后面沒有元音，就不存在濁化的問題，如grasp，test，desk等，仍發(fā)清輔音。Exercises朗讀下列單詞。span speakspeedspickspit still stick step stem stack skid skim skip skit skull school screen scr

33、ew scribe script6. 弱讀 單詞在句中可以強讀，也可以弱讀，主要取決于上下文所表達的意思。有些英語單詞本身具有兩種或兩種以上不同發(fā)音。以單詞some為例，該詞在重讀或單獨出現(xiàn)時，其元音的發(fā)音與單詞sum完全一樣。但是，當some在句子中作為非重讀單詞時，其元音就顯得短而模糊。弱讀即元音音素的弱化，指一個單詞中的元音音素在口語中由于說話時語速快或在句子中處于次要位置而不被強調(diào)等原因，不能發(fā)一完全而標準的讀音，卻變?yōu)閺姸容^弱的其他元音的現(xiàn)象。例如元音音素/i:/有時會弱化為/I/，進一步還可弱化為/。7. 語調(diào)我們說話時可以隨意改變音高，使音調(diào)上升或下降。我們還可以像歌唱家那樣突然

34、抬高話語的音調(diào)。音調(diào)的這種上揚或下降叫語調(diào)。英語有兩種基本的語調(diào):升調(diào)和降調(diào)（分別用符號“”、“ ”表示）。升降的過程可以是急促的，也可以是緩慢的，還可以形成不同的組合。說話人可以通過語調(diào)準確地表達各種信息。 升調(diào):升調(diào)多用來表示“不肯定”和“未完結(jié)”的意思。常用于一般疑問句，語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)的祈使句，以及用陳述句子形式表示疑問的各類句子。如: a）Shall I tell him to come and seeyou? （一般疑問句的正常語調(diào)）b）You likehim?（用于陳述句形式的疑問句中，期待得到對方證實）c）What have you got there? （用于特殊疑問句中，語氣親切熱

35、情）d）Right you are. （用于某些感嘆句中，表示輕快、活潑、鼓勵等意義）e）She bought red，yellow，and green rugs. （用于排例句中，區(qū)別語義） 降調(diào):降調(diào)表示“肯定”和“完結(jié)”。一般用于陳述句、特殊疑問句、命令句和感嘆句中。例如: a）Swimming is my favourite sport. （用于陳述句表示肯定的意義）b）What did you find there? （降調(diào)用于特殊疑問句表示說話人濃厚的興趣）c）Tell me all about it. （語氣較強的命令） d）Have you got the tickets? （

36、降調(diào)用于一般疑問句表示說話人的態(tài)度粗率、不耐煩 或不高興） e）How nice! （用于感嘆句，表示感嘆） 英語中除了升調(diào)、降調(diào)這兩種最基本的語調(diào)外，還有降升調(diào)（）、升降調(diào)（）、升降升調(diào)（）、平調(diào)（-）等。英語語調(diào)或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短語或句子的最后一個重音上。Exercises利用所學(xué)的語音知識朗讀下列短文。Passage II am the director of a paper merchant. A paper merchant buys paper from paper mills and then sells it on to printers and publisher

37、s. We have a staff of 150 in offices and warehouses around the country but business has been very good recently, so we will be opening two more offices in the next three months.Passage IIAirplanes are such a common form of travel that its easy to forget just how recently they were invented. Today, e

38、ven a person in the middle of nowhere would not be surprised to see a plane in the sky. But before the Wright Brothers flew their plane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903, most scientists thought flight by heavier-than-air machines would never be achieved. Never. In fact, the word airplane didnt

39、 come into common usage until after 1945.Passage IIIA Strange Man John Farber is famous because he can eat metal and glass. He started when he was nine years old. First he ate small things and then he ate big things. He ate glasses, spoons, televisions and other things. He ate these things because h

40、e liked them. Its unbelievable, isnt it? Now he is famous. People pay to watch him and they call him Mr Eat All. He travels to many different countries in Europe, Asia and the Americas and eats many strange things. He can eat nine hundred grammes of metal in a day. He can eat a supermarket trolley i

41、n five days and he enjoys eating bicycles. His biggest meal was a two-seat aeroplane. He ate the aeroplane in Caracas, the capital of Venezuela in South America.Passage IVA Secretarys Desk Secretaries usually have an older computer and a telephone on their desk. The usually have an older computer be

42、cause the managers are often the first to receive the latest technological equipment. Secretaries desks are often tidy as they are usually tidier than the bosses. You will also find an agenda of some sort because secretaries need to make appointments for their bosses. Secretaries desks often have pi

43、ctures of their children and families that they look at from time to time during the day. In the past, secretaries were usually women. Today, however, more and more men are becoming secretaries as more and more women become managers and the workplace becomes more equal, which there are some industry

44、 magazines.Passage VComputer MonkeysA tourist walked into a pet shop and was looking at the animals on display. While he was there, another customer walked in and went over to a cage at the side of the shop and took out a monkey. He fit a collar and leash, handed it to the customer, saying, Thatll b

45、e $5000. The customer paid and walked out with his monkey. Startled, the tourist went over to the shopkeeper and said, That was a very expensive monkey. Most of them are only a few hundred dollars. Why did it cost so much? The shopkeeper answered, Ah, that monkey can program in C very fast, tight co

46、de, no bugs, well worth the money. The tourist looked at the monkey in another cage. That ones even more expensive $10,000! What does it do? Oh, that ones a C+ monkey; it can manage object-oriented programming, Visual C+, even some Java. All the really useful stuff, said the shopkeeper. The tourist

47、looked around for a little longer and saw a third monkey in a cage of its own. The price tag around its neck read $50,000. He gasped to the shopkeeper, That one costs more than all the others put together! What on earth does it do? The shopkeeper replied, Well, I havent actually seen it do anything,

48、 but it says its a consultant. 英語語音復(fù)習語言有語音、語法、詞匯三大部分，而語音又是首要的。只有學(xué)好了語音，才能聽懂別人說的話，也才能讓別人聽懂自己說的話。能聽能說，英語就學(xué)活了，否則就是“聾子英語”、“啞巴英語”。學(xué)好語音的要求有五條：一是要掌握好國際音標，做到發(fā)音基本正確、清晰；二是要掌握基本語調(diào)，做到語速適中，無太多的“卡殼”，使會話能順利地進行；三是要熟練掌握和運用基本的讀音規(guī)則，看見一個單詞不查字典就能基本準確地讀出來；四是要學(xué)會劃分意群，按意群停頓，掌握好抑揚頓挫，提高交流的效果；五是要掌握基本語調(diào)、音的高低和力度。Part 國際音標：1. 元音（2

49、0個）長元音/:/:/:/i:/u:/短元音/e/e/a/ 雙元音/e/a/2. 輔音（28個）輕輔音/p/t/k/f/s/濁輔音/b/d/g/v/z/輕輔音/h/ts/t/tr/濁輔音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/半元音/j/ w/邊音/Part 音節(jié)說話時最小的語音單位叫音節(jié)，通常由一個元音加上一個或幾個輔音構(gòu)成，但是單獨一個元音也能成為一個音節(jié)。輔音 /l/, /m/, /n/ 在后面沒有元音時，也能和前面的輔音構(gòu)成一個音節(jié)。音節(jié)按形式可分為開音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)和r音節(jié)三種；按音量可分為重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)。1. 音節(jié)的種類開音節(jié)：以下兩種音節(jié)屬開音節(jié)。3） 以讀音的元音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)，

50、如：go, me, flu。4） 以“輔音字母（r除外）+ 不發(fā)音的e”為結(jié)尾的音節(jié)，如: blade, delete, slide, slope, mute。閉音節(jié)：以一個或幾個輔音字母（r除外）結(jié)尾而中間只有一個元音字母的音節(jié)，如：add, web, disc, dust, grasp。r音節(jié)：“元音字母 + r”的音節(jié)稱為r音節(jié)，如：starve, herd, girl, short, burn等。2. 音節(jié)的劃分：音節(jié)劃分的基本規(guī)則：2） 在兩個音節(jié)的分界線上如果只有一個輔音字母（r除外），這個字母歸右面的音節(jié)，第一個字母按開音節(jié)讀音。如：student, adopt, behave4) 分界線上有兩個輔音字母（第一個不是r），這兩個輔音字母分別劃歸左右兩個音節(jié)，第一個音節(jié)按重讀閉音節(jié)讀音。如: channel, command, hostile5) 分界線上有兩個輔音字母，第一個是r，這兩個字母可分別劃歸左右兩個音節(jié)，第一個音節(jié)按重讀r音節(jié)讀音。如：corner, reporter, sharpen但是如果分界線上的兩個輔音