專業(yè)英語(yǔ)完整版資料

1、一、詞匯1. 英譯中1 、engine發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)2、piston活塞3、crankshaft曲軸4、clutch離合器5、chassis底盤6、automobile汽車7、body車身8、lightvehicle輕型車9、heavycommercialvehicle重型商務(wù)車10、truckdeck行李箱蓋11、hood（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）罩12、powerunit動(dòng)力裝置13、compressionstroke壓縮行程14、transmission變速器15、camshaft傳輸凸輪軸16、propellershaft傳動(dòng)軸17、powertrain傳動(dòng)系18、carburetor化油器19、washer

2、墊圈20、steeringsystem轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)21、suspensionsystem懸架系統(tǒng)22、 brakingsystem剎車系統(tǒng)23、torqueconverter變矩器24、 timinggear正時(shí)齒輪25、finaldrive主減速器，后橋26、differential差速器27、internalcombustionengine內(nèi)燃機(jī)28、 、electricalequipment電氣設(shè)備29、driveshaft傳動(dòng)軸30、brakeshoe制動(dòng)蹄31、flywheel飛輪32、steeringcolumn轉(zhuǎn)向柱33、leafspring鋼板彈簧34、coilspring螺旋簧3

3、5、waterjacket水套36、airbag氣囊37、oxygensensor氧氣傳感器38、overhead-camshaft頂置凸輪軸39、multiplexbus多路傳輸總線40、throttlevalve節(jié)氣門41、exhaustpipe排氣管42、torsionbar扭桿43、differentialgear差動(dòng)齒輪44、distributor分電器45、toe-in輪胎前束46、sungear太陽(yáng)輪47、planetarygear行星齒輪48、regulator調(diào)節(jié)器49、axleshaft半軸50、valvetiming氣門正時(shí)51、frontsuspension前懸架52、

4、intakevalve進(jìn)氣門53、kineticenergy動(dòng)能54、retardingbraking緩速移動(dòng)55、connectingrod連桿56、engineblock發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體57、gasolineengine汽油機(jī)58、drumbrake鼓式制動(dòng)器59、servicebraking行車制動(dòng)60、combustionchamber燃燒室61、 steeringwheel轉(zhuǎn)向輪62、aircooling空氣冷卻63、sparkplug火花塞64、starter起動(dòng)機(jī)65、alternator交流發(fā)電機(jī)66、 valvesystem閥門系統(tǒng)67、valveclearance氣門間隙68、

5、valvetiming氣門正時(shí)69、valvetrain氣門傳動(dòng)70、gearratio傳動(dòng)比71、inlineengine直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)72、distributedsystem分布系統(tǒng)73、variedcylindercount可變的氣缸數(shù)74、excess-airfactor過量空氣系數(shù)75、air-fuelratio空燃比76、dieselengine柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)77、parkingbraking駐車制動(dòng)78、discbrake盤式制動(dòng)79、fuelpump燃料80、thermostat節(jié)溫器81、 air-fuelmixture混合空氣燃料82、steeringbox轉(zhuǎn)向器83、shocka

6、bsorber減振器84、sweptvolume有效容積85、clearancevolume余隙容積86、intakemanifold進(jìn)氣總管87、cylindersleeve氣缸套88、pistonring活塞環(huán)89、crankcase曲軸箱90、universaljoint萬(wàn)向節(jié)91、liquidcooling液體冷卻92、cylinderhead氣缸蓋93、weakmixture稀混合氣94、richmixture濃混合氣95、inductionstroke進(jìn)氣行程96、compressionstroke壓縮行程97、powerstroke做功行程98、exhauststroke排氣行程

7、99、enginelubrication發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)潤(rùn)滑100、compressionratio壓縮比101、filter濾清器102、sliding-meshtransmission滑動(dòng)嚙合變速器103、controllerareanetwork(CAN)控制器局域網(wǎng)104、constant-meshtransmission常嚙合變速器105、synchro-meshtransmission同步嚙合傳動(dòng)106、windscreenwiper風(fēng)窗刮水器107、seat-belt座椅安全帶108、continuouslyvariabletransmission無(wú)級(jí)變速器109、frontwheeldr

8、ive前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)110、anti-theftsystem防盜系統(tǒng)111、brakeby-wire線控制動(dòng)112、fault-tolerant容錯(cuò)113、enginecapacity發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)容量114、steeringsystem轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)115、chargingsystem充電系統(tǒng)116、passengerinertialrestraintsystem慣性約束系統(tǒng)2、英文縮寫1汽油直接噴射GDI2廢氣再循壞EGR3自動(dòng)變速器AT4防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)ABS5多用途汽車MPV6上止點(diǎn)TDC7前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)FWD8電子穩(wěn)定性程序ESP9車輛識(shí)別號(hào)VIN10電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向EPS11液力助力轉(zhuǎn)向HPS12多點(diǎn)燃油噴射 M

9、PI 1316全輪驅(qū)動(dòng) AWD手動(dòng)變速器MT 1417 電子控制模塊運(yùn)動(dòng)型多用途車SUV 15 下止點(diǎn) BDCECM8診斷故障代碼DTC19牽引力制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)TCS 20三元催化轉(zhuǎn)換器TWC 21車載診斷裝置OBD 22 電子式氣閥控共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng)電子式氣閥控制渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)頂置凸輪軸氣閥傳動(dòng)化油器式燃油系統(tǒng)三元催化轉(zhuǎn)化器廢氣再循環(huán)制動(dòng)液貯存箱蒸發(fā)排放控制制EVC23無(wú)級(jí)變速器CVT24電液制動(dòng)EHB25機(jī)電制動(dòng)EMB26控制器局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)CAN27曲軸箱強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)PCV28汽車工程學(xué)會(huì)SAE29智能型可變配氣正時(shí)和氣門升程VTEC30電子控制燃油噴射EFI31怠速控制ISC32歧管絕對(duì)壓力MAP33專

10、業(yè)維修工具SST34車輛控制模塊VCM5內(nèi)部局域網(wǎng)LAN36汽車工程師協(xié)會(huì)SAE37空調(diào)AC38絕對(duì)壓力傳感器APS39電控制動(dòng)力分配EBD40電子點(diǎn)火提前角ESA41無(wú)線遙控門鎖RKE42國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機(jī)構(gòu)ISO43全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)GPS44混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車HEV45低排放汽車LEV46發(fā)光二極管LED47液晶顯示器LCD48原裝設(shè)備制造廠OEM49頂置凸輪軸OHC50頂置氣門OHV51輔助約束系統(tǒng)SRS3.連線1) .CommonRailInjectionSystem2) .Electronicvalvecontrol3) .TurboChargerSystem4) .0verheadCamsh

11、aftValveTrain5) .CarburetorFuelSystem6) Three-wayCatalyticConverter7) .Exhaust-gasrecirculation8) .brakefluidreservoir9) .EvaporativeEmissionControl10) .fail-safemode失效安全模式二、判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)( )1.Automobilepartscanbegroupedintothreemajorcategories:body,engineandchassis.( )2.BDCisthepositionofthecrankandpositionw

12、henthepistonisfartherfromthecrankshaft.( )3.Enginecapacityisthesweptvolumeofallthecylinders.( )4.Boreistheinternaldiameterofthecylinder.( )5.Gasolineengineiscalledacompression-ignitionengine.( )6.Dieselandgasolineenginearebothinternal-combustionengines.( )7.Thethreemostharmfulemissionsarehydrocarbon

13、s,carbondioxideandnitrogenoxides.( )8.Inenginestherearetwomethodsofcooling:aircoolingandliquidcooling.( V)9.Alternatorinthevehicleonlyproduceselectricitytooperatethevariouselectricalcircuits.( )10.Whenthedriverturnsthesteeringwheel，thesteeringgeariscentered.( )11.StrokeisthedistancebetweenBDCandTDC.

14、( )12.Ifenginecombustionoccurswithinthepowerchamber,theengineiscalledanexternalcombustionengine.( )13.TDCisthepositionofthecrankandpistonwhenthepistonisfartherawayfromthecrankshaft( )14.Dieseliscalledacompression-ignitionengine.( )15.Dieselenginehashighercompressionratiothangasolineengine.( )16.Thee

15、ngineactsasthepowerunit.( )17.Thevehicleisclassifiedasrear-wheeldrivefront-wheeldrive,four-wheeldriveorall-wheeldrive.( )18.Whenavehicleiscorneredtheaxleshaftcanmaintainsitsdrivingaction.( )19.Exposedtotheair,drumbrakesradiatetheheattotheairbetterthandiscbrakes.( )20.Therearetwotypesoftransmissions-

16、manualandautomatic.( )21.Inanautomobile,theelectricalvoltageiscreatedbychemicalactioninthestoragebatteryandbymagneticinductioninthealternator.( )22.Thechassisincludesthepowertrain,steering,suspension,andbrakingsystem.( )23.SweptvolumeisthevolumebetweenTDCandBDC.( )24.Clearancevolumeisthevolumeofthes

17、paceabovethepistonwhenitisatTDC.( )25.Compressionratio=(sweptvolume+clearancevolume)/(clearancevolume).( )26.Thespark-ignitionengineoperatingstrokesareinductionstroke,compressionstroke,powerstrokeandexhauststroke.( )27.Thepurposeofthelubricationsystemistocirculateoilthroughtheengine.( )28.Rear-wheel

18、drivehasadvantagesoverfront-wheeldrive.( )29.Inordertoreducethespeedofthevehicle,thebrakeshavetoconvertthekineticenergytochemicalenergy.( )30.Since1976,allcarshaveuseddiscbrakesonthefrontwheels.( )31.Non-powerbrakesrelyonthedriversfootpressuretooperate.( )32.Therearsuspensionismorecomplicatedthanthe

19、frontsuspension.( )33.Whendischarging,PbOandPbintheLead-acidbatteryreactwithHSOtoformPbSO.( )34.Thechargingsystemusesthemechanicalenergyoftheenginetogenerateelectricity.( )35.Passengerrestraintsystemsconsistofairbagandseat-belttighteningsystem.三、語(yǔ)句英譯中1. Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisob

20、tainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasolineanddiesel.內(nèi)燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)最常用的，它是通過燃燒發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸內(nèi)的液體燃料獲得動(dòng)力。有兩種類型的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)：汽油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。2. Apowertraincanincludeaclutchformanualtransmissionoratorqueconverterforautomatictransmission,atransmission,adriveshaft,finaldriveanddifferential

21、gearsanddrivingaxles.動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系包括一個(gè)供手動(dòng)傳輸?shù)碾x合器或自動(dòng)傳輸?shù)牧剞D(zhuǎn)換器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸、主減速器和差速器、驅(qū)動(dòng)軸。3. Thechargingsystemprovideselectricalenergyforalloftheelectricalcomponentsonthevehicles.Themainpartsofthechargingsysteminclude:thebattery,thealternator,thevoltageregulator,achargingwarningandwiring.充電系統(tǒng)為車輛上的所有電氣元件提供電能。充電系統(tǒng)主要包括：

22、電池、交流發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、電壓調(diào)節(jié)器，充電報(bào)警指示燈和形成電路的導(dǎo)線。4. Theenginehashundredsofotherparts.Themajorpartsofengineareengineblock,engineheads,pistons,connectingrods,crankshaftandvalves.Theotherpartsarejoinedtomakesystem.Thesesystemsarethefuelsystem,intakesystem,ignitionsystem,coolingsystem,lubricationsystemandexhaustsystem.發(fā)動(dòng)

23、機(jī)有數(shù)百個(gè)零件。主要零件有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸蓋、活塞、連桿、曲軸和閥。其他的零件也形成了這一系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)是燃料系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)、點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)、潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)和排氣系統(tǒng)。5. Theengineblockisthebasicframeoftheengine.Allotherenginepartseitherfitinsideitorfastentoit.Itholdsthecylinders,waterjacketsandoil-galleries.Theengineblockalsoholdsthecrankshaft,whichfastenstothebottomoftheblock.發(fā)動(dòng)

24、機(jī)缸體是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。所有其他發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)零件要么裝在缸體內(nèi)，要么固定在缸體上。它承裝氣缸、水套和油道。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體還承裝固定于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)體的底部的曲軸。6. Thepistonisanimportantpartofafour-strokecycleengine.Mostpistonsaremadefromcastaluminum.Thepiston,throughtheconnectingrod,transferstothecrankshafttheforcecreatedbytheburningfuelmixture.活塞是四沖程循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的重要組成部分。大多數(shù)活塞是用鑄鋁制造的。通過連桿，活塞把

25、燃燒燃料混合氣產(chǎn)生的力傳遞到曲軸上。7. Anelectronicvalvecontrolsystemreplacesthemechanicalcamshaft,controllingeachvalvewithactuatorsforindependentvalvetiming.TheEVCsystemcontrolstheopeningandclosingtimeandliftamountofeachintakeandexhaustvalvewithindependentactuatorsoneachvalve.電子氣閥控制系統(tǒng)替代機(jī)械凸輪軸，用執(zhí)行器控制每一個(gè)氣閥使它能獨(dú)立的氣閥正時(shí)。電子

26、閥控制系統(tǒng)用每個(gè)氣閥上的獨(dú)立執(zhí)行器控制進(jìn)氣閥和排氣閥的打開和關(guān)閉時(shí)間和提起量。8. Thedieselisusedforthemajorityofheavevehiclesandtheexcellentfueleconomymakesitanattractivealternativetothepetrolengineforlightcommercialvehicles,deliveryvansandtaxis.柴油用于大多數(shù)重型汽車，極好的燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性使它成為一個(gè)吸引人的替代品相對(duì)于輕型商務(wù)車、和出租汽車。9. Adieselenginehasnodistributor,sparkplugs,o

27、rsparkplugs.Thefuelisignitedbyheatproducedbycompressingtheairinthecylinders.Forthisreason,thedieseliscalledacompression-ignitionengine.柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)沒有分電器、火花塞或火花塞線。燃油通過氣缸內(nèi)壓縮空氣產(chǎn)生的熱點(diǎn)火。因此，柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)又叫做壓縮點(diǎn)火發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。10. Thefinaldifferencebetweenthegasolineanddieselenginesisinthewaythefuelisinjected.Thefuelinjectionsystemis

28、themostimportantpartofthedieselengine.汽油和柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)之間的最后的差別在于燃油的噴射方法。燃油噴射系統(tǒng)是柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的最重要部分。11. Someformofcoolingmustbeprovidedtotakeawaytheheatfromthecylinderandworkingpartsofanengine.Thisheatcomesfromcombustionofthefuelandfromfrictionbetweenrubbingparts.某些形式的冷卻裝置必須被提供用來帶走發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸或者工作部件產(chǎn)生的熱量，這些熱量來自燃料的燃燒和活動(dòng)部件的摩

29、擦。12. Liquidcoolingsystemconsistsofseveralinterdependentpartsthatfunctiontogethertomaintainproperenginetemperatures.Thepartsinclude:radiator,fan,coolantrecoverysystem,coolantpump,waterjacket,thermostat,pressurecap,softplugs.液體冷卻系統(tǒng)包括一些互相依存的部分一起工作去維持發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)合適的溫度。這些部分包括:散熱器、風(fēng)扇、冷卻劑回收系統(tǒng)、冷卻泵、水套、節(jié)溫器、壓力感應(yīng)器、軟塞。1

30、3. Thepurposeofthelubricationsystemistocirculateoilthroughtheengine.Anenginemusthaveagoodlubricationsystem.Withoutit,thefrictionheatfromthecontactofthemovingpartswouldwearthepartsandcausepowerloss.潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)是保證潤(rùn)滑油在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)循環(huán)，一個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一定要有好的潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)。沒有它，活動(dòng)部件之間的摩擦生熱會(huì)損害部件和引起動(dòng)力損失。14. Thefunctionofthepowertrainofanauto

31、mobileistoprovidetheforcesnecessaryforlocomotion.TheforcesareproducedbytheconversionintheICengineofthechemicalenergyinliquidfuelsintotheenergyofmotion.汽車傳動(dòng)系的功能是為運(yùn)動(dòng)提供必要的動(dòng)力。動(dòng)力通過內(nèi)燃機(jī)內(nèi)部液體燃料的化學(xué)能向運(yùn)動(dòng)能量的轉(zhuǎn)變而產(chǎn)生。15. Adryclutchperformstwotasks:1)itdisengagestheenginefromthetransmissiontoallowforgearchanging,2)it

32、isameansforgraduallyengagingtheenginetothedrivingwheels.干摩擦離合器執(zhí)行兩個(gè)任務(wù)：1.它使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)從變速器中脫離出來來允許齒輪的改變，2.它使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)逐漸與驅(qū)動(dòng)輪嚙合。16. Tostarttheengine,thedrivermustdepresstheclutchpedal.Thisdisengagesthetransmissionfromtheengine.Tomovethecar,thedrivermustreengagethetransmissiontotheengine.為了起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，駕駛員必須踩離合器踏板，這使變速器從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中

33、脫離出來，為了使汽車運(yùn)動(dòng)，駕駛員必須使變速器和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)重新嚙合。17. Anautomatictransmissionisadevicethatprovidesgearreduction,withresultingmultiplicationoftorque.Thegearrangesareautomaticallyselectedtoprovidethemostefficientoperationandthebesttorqueoutput.自動(dòng)變速器是一個(gè)提供齒輪減速，用乘法改變扭矩的設(shè)備。齒輪范圍是被自動(dòng)的選擇用來提供最有效的操作和最好的扭矩輸出。18. Automatictransmis

34、sionshavethreebasicsystemsatorqueconverter,agearsystemandahydraulicsystem.Thesefittogetherinaunitthatfastensdirectlybehindtheengine.自動(dòng)變速器有三個(gè)基本系統(tǒng)變矩器，齒輪系統(tǒng)和液壓系統(tǒng)。這些被安裝在同一裝置中且被直接固定在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后面。19. Whenavehicleiscorneredtheinnerwheelmovesthroughashorterdistancethantheouterwheel.Thismeansthattheinnerwheelmustslo

35、wdownandtheouterwheelmustspeedup.當(dāng)車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，內(nèi)輪移動(dòng)的距離相對(duì)于外部的車輪更短。這意味著內(nèi)部的車輪必須減速外部的車輪必須加速。20. Theservicebrakingsystemandtheparkingbrakingsystemhaveseparatecontrolandtransmissiondevices.Theservicebrakingsystemisnormallyfoot-operated,whiletheparkingbrakingsystemishand-operated.行車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和駐車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)有單獨(dú)的控制和傳動(dòng)裝置。行車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)正常

36、用腳操作，而駐車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)則用手操作。21. Electrohydraulicbrakingsystemsaredesignedtoallowelectroniccontrolofvehiclebrakingwhileretainingareducedhydraulicsystem.電液制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)出來允許電子控制汽車制動(dòng)然而保留了液壓系統(tǒng)。22. TheABSpreventsthewheelsfromlockingwhenthevehicleisoverbraked.Thevehiclethereforeretainsitsdirectionalstabilityandsteerabilit

37、yevenunderemergencybrakingonaslipperyroadsurface.ABS預(yù)防車輪被鎖死當(dāng)車輛過度制動(dòng)時(shí)，汽車會(huì)因此保留它的方向穩(wěn)定性和可控制性即使在滑的路面的緊急制動(dòng)的情況下。23. Whilethesteeringsystemmaylookcomplicated,itworksquitesimply.Whenadriverdrivesacarstraightdowntheroad,thesteeringgeariscentered.Thegearholdsthelinkagecenteredsothatthewheelsandtirespointstraigh

38、tahead.盡管轉(zhuǎn)向系看上去很復(fù)雜，但它工作相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單。當(dāng)駕駛員駕駛車輛直行時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)向齒輪居中。該齒輪保持中位，車輪向前直行。24. Thesteeringsystemmustguaranteeeasyandsafesteeringofthevehicle:itmustbepossibletoturnthefrontwheelsintothepositioncorrespondingtoaturningcirclewitharadiusof12mwithinamaximumof6s.轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)必須保證車輛容易地和安全地轉(zhuǎn)向：它要能夠盡可能的使前輪在最多6秒之內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑為12米的圓的相應(yīng)位置。

39、25. Thepurposeofthesuspensionsystemistopreventlargeshocks,causedbythewheelsstrikingbumpsintheroad,beingpassedtothevehicleoccupantsandcomponents;otherwisediscomfortanddamagewouldoccur.懸架目的是防止車輪撞擊路上障礙物時(shí)，傳到乘客和車輛組件的巨大震動(dòng)。不然，不舒適感和危害將會(huì)出現(xiàn)。26. Thefrontsuspensionismorecomplicatedthantherearsuspension.Thisisbe

40、causethefrontwheelsmustmoveinseveraldifferentdirections.Thewheelsmustmoveupanddownwiththesuspensionandtumlefttorightwiththesteering.前懸架比后懸架更加的復(fù)雜，這是因?yàn)榍拜喰枰驇讉€(gè)不同的方向移動(dòng)。車輪必須隨著懸架上下移動(dòng)，并且伴隨著轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)左右轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。四句子中譯英1 汽車的主要組成部分包括車身、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤和電氣設(shè)備。Themainpartsofthevehicleincludingengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalequipment.

41、2 底盤包括傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，懸架，轉(zhuǎn)向部分以及制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)Thechassisincludesthepowertrain,suspension,steeringandbrakingsystems.3 如果發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒發(fā)生在汽缸內(nèi)，該氣缸稱為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)燃機(jī).Ifenginecombustionoccurswithinthepowerchamber,theengineiscalledaninternalcombustionengine.4 活塞本身,它的環(huán)和活塞銷一起稱為活塞總成.Thepistonitself,itsringsandthepistonpinaretogethercalledthepistona

42、ssembly.5 現(xiàn)代的汽油汽車的壓縮比大概為9：1.Moderngasolineenginehavecompressionratiosofabout9:1.6 柴油汽車的壓縮比在18：1到22：1之間.Dieselcarengineshavecompressionratiosbetween18:1and22:1.7 四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作循環(huán)包括四個(gè)活塞行程Fourstrokeenginecycleconsistsoffourpistonstrokes.8 柴油機(jī)稱為壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。Thedieseliscalledacompression-ignitionengine.9 汽油機(jī)稱為點(diǎn)燃式發(fā)動(dòng)

43、機(jī)。Thegasolineiscalledaspark-ignitionengine.10有兩種類型的冷卻方式：空冷和液體冷卻。Therearetwomethodsofcooling:aircoolingandliquidcooling.11 有兩種類型的變速器：手動(dòng)和自動(dòng)。Therearetwotypesoftransmissions-manual(MT)andautomatic(AT).12 傳動(dòng)軸將變速器主軸輸出的動(dòng)力傳遞給主減速器的小齒輪。Thepropellershafttransmitsthedrivefromthetransmissionmainshafttothefinaldr

44、ivepinion.13 當(dāng)前使用的三種類型的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)：行車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，駐車制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)以及額外的緩速制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。Thethreetypesofbrakingsystemsareinusetoday:servicebrakingsystem,parkingbrakingsystemandadditionalretarding-brakingsystem.14 現(xiàn)代轎車采用兩種類型的制動(dòng)器：鼓式制動(dòng)器和盤式制動(dòng)器。Twotypesofbrakesareusedinmoderncars:drumbrakesanddiscbrakes.15 .在制動(dòng)時(shí)，防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)能夠避免車輪抱死。ABScanpreve

45、ntwheelsfromlockingupduringbraking.16 大多數(shù)重型商用車采用循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器。Mostheavycommercialvehiclesusetherecirculatingballtypeofsteeringgear.17現(xiàn)代轎車采用獨(dú)立前懸架。Moderncarsuseanindependentfrontsuspension.18后懸架的作用是支撐后部的重量。Thepurposeoftherearsuspensionistosupporttheweightoftherearofthevehicle.19 .現(xiàn)代許多轎車采用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置前驅(qū)布置方式。Manymod

46、erncarshavefront-enginefront-drivelayouts.20 在汽車懸架系統(tǒng)中，有三種基本類型的彈簧：螺旋彈簧，鋼板彈簧和扭桿彈簧。Therearethreebasictypesofspringsinautomobilesuspension-coilspringleafspringandtorsionbars.五.段落英譯中1.EngineOperatingPrinciplesMostautomobileenginesareinternalcombustion,reciprocating4-strokegasolineengines,butothertypeshav

47、ebeenused,includingthediesel,therotary(Wankel)the2-srtoke,andstratifiedcharge.Reciprocatingmeansupanddownorbackandforth,itistheupanddownactionofapistoninthecylinderblock,orengineblock.Theblockisanironoraluminumcastingthatcontainsenginecylindersandpassagescalledwaterjacketsforcoolantcirculation.Theto

48、poftheblockiscoveredwiththecylinderheadwhichformsthecombustionchamber.Thebottomoftheblockiscoveredwithanoilpanoroilsump.Powerisproducedbythelinearmotionofapistoninacylinder.However,thislinearmotionmustbechangedintorotarymotiontotumthewheelsofcars.Thepistonisattachedtothetopofaconnectingrodbyapin,cal

49、ledapistonpinorwristpin.Thebottomoftheconnectingrodisattachedtothecrankshaft.Theconnectingrodtransmitstheup-and-downmotionofthepistontothecrankshaft,whichchangesitintorotarymotion.Theconnectingrodismountedonthecrankshaftwithlargebearingscalledrodbearings.Similarbearings,calledmainbearings,areusedtom

50、ountthecrankshaftintheblock.Thediameterofthecylinderiscalledtheenginebore.Displacementandcompressionratioaretwofrequentlyusedenginespecifications.Displacementindicatesenginesize,andcompressionratiocomparesthetotalcylindervolumetocompressionchambervolume.Thetermstrokeisusedtodescribethemovementofthep

51、istonwithinthecylinder,aswellasthedistanceofpistontravel.Dependingonthetypeofenginetheoperatingcyclemayrequireeithertwoorfourstrokestocomplete.The4-strokeengineisalsocalledOttocycleengine,inhonoroftheGermanengineer,Otto,whofirstappliedtheprinciplein1876.Inthe4-strokeengine,fourstrokesofthepistoninth

52、ecylinderarerequiredtocompleteonefulloperatingcycle.Eachstrokeisnamedaftertheactionitperformsintake,compression,power,andexhaustinthatorder.l.IntakestrokeAsthepistonmovesdown,thevaporizedmixtureoffuelandairentersthecylinderthroughopenintakevalve.Toobtainthemaximumfillingofthecylindertheintakevalveop

53、ensabout10beforeTDC,giving20overlap.Theinletvalveremainsopenuntilsome50afterBDCtotakeadvantageofincomingmixture2.CompressionstrokeThepistonturnsup,theintakevalvecloses,themixtureiscompressedwithinthecombustionchamber,whilethepressurerisetoaboutiMpa,dependingonvariousfactorsincludingthecompressionrat

54、io,throttleopeningandenginespeed.Nearthetopofthestrokethemixtureisignitedbyasparkwhichbridgesthegapofthesparkplug.3. PowerstrokeTheexpandinggasesofcombustionproducesariseinpressureofthegastosome3.5Mpaandthepistonisforceddowninthecylinder.Theexhaustvalveopensnearthebottomofthestroke.4. ExhauststrokeT

55、hepistonmovesbackupwiththeexhaustvalveopensome50beforeBDC,allowingthepressurewithinthecylindertofallandtoreducebackpressureonthepistonduringtheexhauststroke,andtheburnedgasesarepushedouttoprepareforthenextintakestroke.Theintakevalveusuallyopensjustbeforetheexhauststroke.This4-strokecycleiscontinuous

56、lyrepeatedineveryaslongastheengineremainsrunning.A2-strokeenginealsogoesthroughfouractionstocompleteoneoperatingcycle.However,theintakeandthecompressionactionsarecombinedinonestroke,andthepowerandexhaustactionsarecombinedintheotherstroke.Theterm2-strokecycleor2-strokeispreferredtotheterm2-cycle,whic

57、hisreallynotaccurate.Inautomobileengines,allpistonsareattachedtoasinglecrankshaft.Themorecylindersanenginehas,themorepowerstrokesproducedforeachrevolution.Thismeansthatan8-cylinderenginerunsmoresmoothlybecausethepowerstrokesareclosertogetherintimeandindegreesofenginerotation.Thecylindersofmulti-cyli

58、nderautomotiveenginesarrangedinoneofthreeways.1. Inlineenginesuseasingleblockofcylinder.Most4-cylinderandany6-cylinderenginesareofthisdesign.Thecylindersdonothavetobevertical.Theycanbeinclinedeitherside.2. V-typeenginesusetwoequalbandsofcylinders,usuallyinclined60degreesor90degreesfromtheeachother.MostV-typeengineshave6or8cylinders,