英語考研寫作技巧總結(jié)(9頁)

1、此資料來自：精品資料網(wǎng)國(guó)叫.cnshu,cn)聯(lián)系電話班手機(jī)：13了26808999企業(yè)QQ；800003985國(guó)供50萬份管理資料下載卜萬集企業(yè)管理資料下載1300GB高清管理講座硬盤拷貝寫作A節(jié)（約100words答題紙上10行左右15分鐘左右）五種題型：Letter（近來都考書信其他了解一下結(jié)卞和寫法就好現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)揮）NoticeSummaryMemoReport一.Letter1 .格式：稱呼（寫給機(jī)構(gòu)用DearSirorMadam,或者ToWhomItMayConcern,寫給個(gè)人就用DearXXX）正文（一般分三段首段：自我介紹+寫作目的第二段：改寫提綱+原

2、因或情況尾段：表示感謝+期待回信）落款（Yourssincerely,LiMing）2 .分類的經(jīng)典句型：（最后三種個(gè)人認(rèn)為考的可能性比較小隨便看看吧）（1）道歉信a.Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyforb. Imustbegyourforgivenessforc. Youhaveeveryrighttobeannoyed/irritatedwithd. Iregretthatmycarelessnesshascausedyousomuchinconvenience.e. Iwouldliketoexpressmyapologiesfornotbeingabletoa

3、. Thefactisthatb. Mybehavioryesterdaywasinexcusable,andImusttellhowa. Ihopethissituationcanbeamendedtoeveryone'ssatisfaction.b. Iwillassoonas（2） 求職信a.I'mwritingtoapplyforthepostofb. Inanswertoyouradvertisementinforthepostof,Iwouldliketoapplyforc. I'velearnedfromofyouropening/vacancyfor，a

4、ndamthereforewritingtoapplyforthepost.a. OverthelastXyears,Ib. Enclosedistestimonialfrommyuniversityteacher.c. Ifthesemeetyourrequirement,pleasegrantmeaninterview.（3）辭職信a.Withregret,Isubmitthisletterofresignation.b. IneverimaginedthatIwouldhavetoleave，butdueto,Ihavetomakethedecisiontoc. Ihavedecided

5、tofurthermyeducationinpursuitofd. I'vedecidedtochangethecourseofmycurrentcareergoalsandwillpursueanewdirectionina. IwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudeandthanksforallthesupportIhavereceivedoverthelastXyears,andfortheenjoyableexperienceofhavingworkedyourcompany.b. Ihopeyouwillconsidermyrequest,a

6、ndIapologizeagainforanyinconveniencesImighthavecaused.c. MayItakethisopportunitytowishallofyoutheverybestforthefuture.d. IfImaybeofanyassistanceinthehiringprocessortrainingofmyreplacement,Iwouldgladlymakemyselfavailabletothiseffortduringthenextfourweeks.(4) 工作接受信a.ItiswithgreatpleasurethatIacceptyou

7、roffertojoinasb. I'mpleasedtotakeyourofferatthesalaryofannuallyc. Asweagreed,mystartingdatewillbed. Thankyouagain,Mr./Ms.X,forofferingmethiswonderfulopportunity,anddoletmeknowifIcandoanythinginadvance,orifthereareanyaspectsyoudlikemetopreparefor.(5) 感謝信a.Iappreciateyourtakingthetimetodob. Iappre

8、ciatethetimeandeffortyouexpendedonc. I'dliketoconveymydeepestadmirationtoyoufora.Asadirectresultofyourefforts,Ihavebeenabletothatwillproveinvaluabletob.couldnotexist/happenwithoutthegenerousandheartfeltsupportfromyou.c. Immostappreciativeofeverythingyoudidforme.d. Iwouldnothavemanageditwithoutyo

9、urhelp.e. Youweretheretomeetmyneedsinsensitiveandconsiderateways.a. IhopeIcanreturnthefavorsomeday.b. DocallmeifIcaneverreturnthefavor.(6) 詢問信a.Wouldyoupleasespendafewminutesansweringsomequestionsabout？b.Asweparticularlyinterestedin，weshouldbegratefulifyouwouldkindlya. Iappreciateyourtakingthetimeto

10、answerthesequestions.b. Iwouldappreciatereceivingyouranswerby(時(shí)間)(7) 投訴信a.ItiswithgreatreluctancethatImustinformyouthatb.Imustcomplainthata. I'mdisappointedbecausetheproduct/serviceb. Thishasputusintogreatinconvenience.c. Therefore,Iamreturningandwouldgreatlyappreciateitifyoucouldreplaceit.a. Iw

11、ouldbegratefulifthismatterwouldhaveyourimmediateattention.b. Withadmirationforyourexcellentreputation,I'msureyouwilldoeverythingpossibletoc. Ilookforwardtoyourreplyandaresolutiontomyproblem,andwillwaituntilbeforeseekinghelpfromaconsumerprotectionagency.(8)祝賀信a.I'msopleased/delighted/glad/thr

12、illedtohearthesplendidnewsthatb.Pleaseacceptmyheartiestcongratulationsona. Ireallythinkyoudeservethepositionafteryearsofexperienceyouhavehadina. Mayyouenjoymanymoresuccesseslikethisone.b. Mayyourfuturebeassuccessfulasyouhavealwaysbeen.(9)慰問信a.ItwaswithgreatdismaythatIlearnedofb. MayIexpressmysympath

13、yforyouinthelossofa. Ihardlyliketointrudeuponyouinyourgreatsorrow,butIcannotresisttellingyouhowmuchthatb. We'relookingforwardtoyourearlyreturnto(10)申請(qǐng)信a.I'mastudentin，expectingtograduatewithaBachelor'sdegreethissummer.b.I'mwritinginthehopethatImayobtainanopportunitytofurthermystudyin

14、a. EnclosedpleasefindacopyofrecordsofallsubjectsIhavecompletedattheuniversity.Attachedyouwillalsofindthreelettersofrecommendationbythreeofmysupervisors.b. Yourfavorableconsiderationofthismatterwillbegreatlyappreciated.(11)推薦彳言a.InreplytoX'srequestforaletterofrecommendation,Ihavegreatpleasuretowr

15、itethisletterinhisfavor.b.Inresponsetoyourrequestforinformationabout，Iwouldbehappytoa. IfirstbecameacquaintedwithXin，whenb. Sheisalwayspunctualandwillingtotakeonnewassignments.c. Herabilitytointeractwithcustomersandresolvethecomplaintsinapleasantmannergaveusasignificantadvantage.a. Wearereluctanttol

16、ethimgo,butwerecognizethatthispositionwouldbeanexcellentprofessionalopportunityforhim.b. Igavehermyhighestrecommendations,withoutconservation.c. Pleasecallmeifyouhavefurtherquestions.d. I'msureyouwillfindhimhonest,intelligent,hardworkinginthebestsenseofthewords,asIfoundhimhere.二.Notice1 .標(biāo)題（必須寫標(biāo)

17、題！一般為短語e.g.ContributionsWantedAnnouncement）2 .日期（一般需要注明！標(biāo)題下一行右對(duì)齊January15,2011）3 .正文（一般寫三段采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)or將來時(shí)）4 .署名（個(gè)人or單位后者的署名中實(shí)詞首字母大寫）P.S經(jīng)典開頭句型：Yourattention,please.IthasbeendecidedthatisrequesttonotethatUndertheauspicesof，areport/lecture/seminaronwillbegivenbyoninUndertheauspicesof，willorganize/holdamat

18、ch/competition/contestbetweenand三.Summary1 .標(biāo)題（必須寫標(biāo)題！大小寫規(guī)則：a.實(shí)詞首字母大寫，虛詞小寫b.首尾兩詞首字母均需大寫）2 .時(shí)態(tài)（第三人稱表達(dá)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)&現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)&一般過去時(shí)結(jié)合使用）3 .句型（不分段！先寫啥后寫啥要有邏輯順序盡量用短句慎用長(zhǎng)句）4 .重視短段落（中文原文中出現(xiàn)的一至二句短段落，應(yīng)引起高度重視，可能是總結(jié)、過渡、轉(zhuǎn)折，一般需要翻譯，般無需通讀全文，只需讀懂每段前兩句和尾句即可）四.Memo1 .寫作格式：Date：To：(AllFaculty)From：(LiMing)Subject:(FacultyM

19、eeting)2 .寫作特點(diǎn)：下面空一行開始寫正文；不寫稱呼、正文結(jié)尾、結(jié)束語、簽名。五.Report1 .寫作格式：To:From:Date:Subject:正文(類似memo)2 .寫作內(nèi)容：提出問題、解釋&分析、結(jié)論&建議3 .米取信函形式寫作B節(jié)（約160-200words答題紙上20行左右45分鐘左右可適當(dāng)多留點(diǎn)時(shí)間構(gòu)思作文閱讀快點(diǎn)做）通常寫成三段：一、圖畫或圖表描述段（3句其中可適當(dāng)議論一句）二、意義闡釋段（5句分析圖畫的意義or原因or表現(xiàn)）三、建議措施段（4句發(fā)表自己的議論或看法）下面分別分析：一、Introduction1. Generaldescriptio

20、n總體描述（人物/動(dòng)物/事物+動(dòng)作+環(huán)境）句型E.g.被動(dòng)Asisvividlyrevealed/illustrated/reflected/depictedinthecartoon/drawing/picture/photo,Itisvividlydescribedinthepicturethat主動(dòng)Thecartoon/drawing/picture/photovividlyreveals/illustrates/reflects/depicts2. Details挖掘細(xì)節(jié)句型E.g.Inonepicture,Onthecontrary,Inthefirstdrawing,Bycontra

21、st,3. Caption文字說明句型E.g.Thecaptionreads,“”二、Body1. Topicsentence：（一句文章中心symbolicmeaning）句型E.g.Thesymbolicmeaning/implicationistoshowusthat（意義）Thepurposeofthedrawingistoshowusthat（目的）Thepictureillustrates/conveysthemeaningthatThedrawinghassubtlyrevealed/reflectedaproblemthat（現(xiàn)象）Thefactthatindicatestha

22、t2. Argument（三句論證原因or解釋or例證）從五大角度考慮：Background（政、經(jīng)、文、社With，）Facts（Thereisnodenyingthefactthat）Otheropinions（欲揚(yáng)先抑）WhatthepictureconveysgoesfarbeyondInstead,itcarriesmeaningsTobeginwith,thepurposeofistoshowusthat，yetthesymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmoreseriouslyReasonsConsequences3. Summa

23、ry（小結(jié)-Brieflyspeaking,）三、Conclusion總結(jié)提出建議展望未來好詞好句積累Give an impetus to =play a pushing role = driving forcesFew would dispute that Call on the public to do A thought-provoking phenomenon/problemSpiritual nourishmentHappiness is more than pleasure without pain.A prevailing trendThe things that bring t

24、he greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.Capture the hearts and minds is the best policy 為上策Shaping factorsA faithful / loyal customerStrengthen the regulations and lawsPromote moral education makes up a growing percentage of 's populationWhat's more worrisome

25、 is thatCo-existence and integrationThough itself gives little cause for criticism, should do in a proper way.Curb the current evil phenomenon= reverse this disturbingtrendAppealtotheauthoritiesto；CultivatetheawarenessofthepeoplethatMoral=ethical道德的話題,資源問題Almostincomprehensively,themanisHedosenotsee

26、mtorealizewhatavaluablehewilllosewhenThispicturemayprovokedeepthoughtsonenvironmentalissues.Ahealthyenvironmenthasbeenessentialtohumankindforsocialandeconomicaldevelopment,buthumansseemtohaveforgottenthisbasicrule.Wrongutilizationoftheearthandnaturalresourceswillevenresultinathreattoourexistence.Weh

27、umanbeingsmustrethinkourrelationswithnatureandcomeupwitheffectivewaystopreservetheenvironment.,全球變暖Theglaciersinthepolarregionarerapidlymeltingowingtoglobalwarming.Globalwarmingleadstotheriseofsealevels,sothecoastalareaswillbeaffectedseverely.increasesthepossibilitiesandintensityofextremeweathersuch

28、ashurricanesandsnowstorms.Takingintoaccountthedevastatingeffectsofglobalwarming,wecandrawtheconclusionthatFacingthegrowingmenaceofglobalwarming,weshouldinalargescaletoturnthepresentsituationaround.Excessiveamountofcarbondioxideemissions,creatingadiversifiedeconomyandLaNinaphenomenalagdisorder.千里之行始于

29、足下Thebeginningseemstobehardandpainstaking,butitisanindispensiblestep.Nomatterwhatwearegoingtodo,westartwithouraction.Thoughplanninganddreamingisimportant,actionisessentialforoursuccess.Themostaccomplishedpeopleintheworldhavealwaysmadeperseveranteffortsbeforetheysucceed,asMadamCurieandEdisondidasscie

30、ntists,andBeethovenandBachdidasmusicians.有關(guān)環(huán)境的詞匯WildlifespeciesPromote/advocatelow-carbonliving.TheextinctionofwildlifeinhabitableareasPopulationexplosionextinct=vanishThedestructionofecologicalbalanceglaciersmeltingDesertificationcoastalcitiesDeforestationtheimpactofcarbondioxide閱讀A!（用時(shí)1小時(shí)每篇15分鐘自己適

31、當(dāng)調(diào)整這部分最多可延長(zhǎng)10分鐘）一.解題四步驟（如遇難題可以采用看一題、讀一段、做一題的方式）1 .掃描題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞2 .通讀全文（重點(diǎn)：首段、其余各段的段首段尾、轉(zhuǎn)折句思考：中心是啥？核心概念是啥？作者態(tài)度是啥？）3 .仔細(xì)審題，返回原文（兩大定位原則：關(guān)鍵詞定位&自然段定位）4 .重疊選項(xiàng)，得出答案二.宏觀閱讀法1 .靈活使用三種不同的閱讀方法：A. skimming略讀（可跳讀的信息有：例子、引用、數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)過程、冒號(hào)后的補(bǔ)充說明部分）B. scanning快速掃描C.Closereading細(xì)讀2 .首先看清文章有幾個(gè)自然段？每段之間是并列還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系？3 .把握五種結(jié)構(gòu)：

32、A總分總：把握首末段呼應(yīng)就等于確定中心B開門見山型：第一段直接亮出中心C花開兩朵型：把握兩個(gè)核心概念的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系D問題答案型：一般來說問題是中心，閱讀的目的是尋找答案E拋磚引玉型：第一段是引子，第二段亮出中心三.微觀閱讀法（標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用）1.兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是補(bǔ)充說明成分時(shí)，可以先不讀。2.分號(hào)表并列：語義上并列or結(jié)構(gòu)上并列。3 .冒號(hào)后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明前面的信息，冒號(hào)的前后有一個(gè)從抽象到具體的過程。4 .兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間是補(bǔ)充說明的成分，可以先不讀。5.引號(hào)：引用or反諷、諷刺6.括號(hào)：補(bǔ)充說明or解釋生詞四.具體題型1 .例證題（抓出論點(diǎn)）標(biāo)志：題干中出現(xiàn)example/illustrate

33、這些詞時(shí)返回原位找到該例證所在位置，80%向上20%向下搜索周圍區(qū)域，尋找例證支持的觀點(diǎn)（例子周圍概括性抽象表達(dá)）與四選項(xiàng)比較，得出選項(xiàng)中與該論點(diǎn)最一致的答案（錯(cuò)誤答案設(shè)置經(jīng)常是：就事論事混淆論點(diǎn)論據(jù)）注意：舉例的目的是支持論點(diǎn)，例子讀不懂沒關(guān)系2 .主旨題（串線、摘帽）標(biāo)志：Thebesttitle/mainlyabout/mainlydiscuss串線法：抓首段和其余各段首句，把它們的意思連結(jié)成一個(gè)整體，注意總結(jié)性提示詞和轉(zhuǎn)折詞錯(cuò)誤答案設(shè)置特征經(jīng)常是：局部信息（選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文章內(nèi)容）范圍過寬（選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文章內(nèi)容）主旨最常出現(xiàn)的位置：A段落中特別是首段中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)B作者有意識(shí)反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)C首段出

34、現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)一般就是中心D提出中心時(shí)的文字提示有：轉(zhuǎn)折、總結(jié)、最重要的3 .態(tài)度題（感情色彩+論述主線）一般來說作者整體態(tài)度的答案是客觀、樂觀、積極向上的選項(xiàng)，而biased、puzzling、indifferent、detached通常不是一般來說，含有過分強(qiáng)烈的或絕對(duì)化的表達(dá)通常不選，而持保留態(tài)度的比較客觀的選項(xiàng)通常是正確答案。要注意看清是作者的態(tài)度，而非作者引用別人的態(tài)度！4 .判斷題（選項(xiàng)聚焦）解題的關(guān)鍵是把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)聚焦到文中一兩個(gè)點(diǎn)中做題時(shí)先掃描四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，尋找選項(xiàng)中相同的詞或容易定位的詞5 .詞匯題（搜索代入）原則：A不論該詞多超綱，根據(jù)上下文都能得出其含義B不論該詞多熟悉，都必須通過

35、上下文得其特定含義答案經(jīng)常蘊(yùn)藏在原文該詞出現(xiàn)的附近，搜索時(shí)應(yīng)注意：同位語、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)、定語從句、前后綴6 .推理題（意相近，形相遠(yuǎn)）注意：不能想太多，推太遠(yuǎn)標(biāo)志：infer、suggest、imply、learn看可否通過題干或選項(xiàng)返回原文某一兩個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理先不要進(jìn)行推理，若有選項(xiàng)和原文意思完全相同，則該選項(xiàng)必然正確。正確答案有以下兩種類型：原文復(fù)述型（決不是照抄）文中未直接提出但意思由推想可以得出且含義緊貼原文上網(wǎng)查關(guān)于環(huán)境方面的詞匯！Protecttheenvironmentandconserveenergyareeveryone'sresponsibility.Theearthis

36、theonlyhomeforourhumanbeings.weallhavearesponsibilitytotakecareit,notonlyforus,butforouroffspring.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialage,wepeoplespeedupthepacetoaskformoreresourcesandenergyfromtheearth.Justlikethefossilfuels,wealmostexploitthemupjustinabout200yearsincontrasttheirformationisaboutmillion

37、sofyears.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplerecognizetheimportanceofprotectingtheearth.Measureshavebeentakenbymanygovernmentsandlawshvebeenmadetosaveourhomefromdestroying.InordertoProtectEnviromentandConserveEnergy,wepeoplecandomanythings.Forexample,wecanusecleanenergy,suchassolarpower、windpower、nuclearen

38、ergy、hydroelectricpowertosubstitutetraditionalenergyAftersomucheffortmadebyus,Ihopethattheearth,ourhomewillbebetterandbetter.SavetheEnergyResourcesAnotherroundofenergycrisisisknockingatthedoor.In2004,worldoilconsumptionreachedanewrecord,causingoilpriceintheinternationalmarkettoskyrocketamazingly.AsforChina,itwasreported