英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解及歷年高考真題訓(xùn)練

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解及歷年高考真題訓(xùn)練.精品文檔.虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣第一節(jié) 語(yǔ)氣 英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣（Indicative Mood），祈使語(yǔ)氣(Imperative Mood)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。 第二節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。 NOTE：

2、使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)： 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整 If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了 在條件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式 If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 第四節(jié)

3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用 一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 （should可以省略）例如：It s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 這類(lèi)的形容詞還有advisable（可取的），appropriate（適當(dāng)?shù)模?，compulsary（必須的），crucial（關(guān)鍵的），de

4、sirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（極為重要的）等。 B Itis demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型，表示愿望，建議，請(qǐng)求等主觀意愿等。 It is demanded that we should w

5、ork out a plan. C.It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder proposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that句型中從句也常用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型,表示建議，命令，請(qǐng)求，道歉，懷疑，驚奇等。 It s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于賓語(yǔ)從句 用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request

6、, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist 表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意 He insisted that all of us be there on time by any me

7、ans. 他堅(jiān)持要求我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián) 三、用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形” should可以省略 My advice is that you should practice speaking English a

8、s often as possible. 我的建議是你要盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每個(gè)人都接受由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金這一建議。 第五節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略 It s high time we went to the laboratory. 該是我們?nèi)?shí)驗(yàn)室的時(shí)候了。 2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（

9、要是該有多好啊；但愿)； 2.1 表示與現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望。用過(guò)去時(shí)或would/could+動(dòng)詞原形表示； If only you listened to us!要是你聽(tīng)我們的話該多好?。?2.2 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如： If only I had listened to the doctor s advice! 我要是聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的話就好了。 3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 從句 也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示寧愿、但愿之意。這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示的不是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而是一種尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 3.

10、1 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況：在上述詞后+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： I would rather you left today.我寧愿你今天走。 I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。 I would prefer he didn t stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在這兒待得太久。 3.2 表示過(guò)去的情況，在上述詞后+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如： I would rather I hadn t seen that film yesterday. 我寧愿昨天沒(méi)有看那場(chǎng)電影。 4. a

11、s if ( as though) 看起來(lái) even if ( even though)即使 常用虛擬形式，其構(gòu)成形式與wish后賓語(yǔ)從句里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成形式相同，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反（從句意上判斷），用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式 (had done)，would/could +動(dòng)詞原形。例如： The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷們經(jīng)常就像瘋了似的。（act與were發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間平面上） He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had b

12、een there發(fā)生在talkes之前) 他常常談起倫敦，就好像他去過(guò)那里似的。 She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 發(fā)生) 她常常講起來(lái)沒(méi)完沒(méi)了。 5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"may(might)動(dòng)詞原形"或"should動(dòng)詞原形"。在以lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"

13、should動(dòng)詞原形"。例如： He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。 He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套給孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。 6.wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中， 一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為： 表現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去時(shí)

14、(表示與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在或先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞存在的與事實(shí)相反的愿望) I wish I were a bird. （were 與wish 發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間平面上） 表過(guò)去 過(guò)去完成時(shí) （從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生或存在，(that)+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞） I wish you had come to our Christmas party. 表將來(lái) would, might, could動(dòng)詞原形 （從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生或存在） I wish that the rain could stop soon.虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí) 1. Jack wishes that

15、 he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studied B. had been studying C. study D. had studied 2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practical value by the time they were finished. A. had lost B. would lose C. would have lost D. should have

16、lost 3. It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible. A. must be sent B. are sent C. will be sent D. be sent. It is important that the hotel receptionist _ that guests are registered correctly. A. has made sure B. must make sure C. made sure D. make sure 5. It was essenti

17、al that the application forms _ back before the deadline. A. must be sent B. be sent C. would be sent D. were sent 6. It s necessary _ the dictionary immediately. A. that he will return B. that he return C. that he returned D. that he has to return7. It is important that enough money _ to fund the p

18、roject. A. be collected B. was collected C. must be collected D. can be collected 8. I don t think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. be assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned 9. The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by every

19、one. A. would present B. present C. ought to present D. presents 10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. A. be put off B. should put off C. was put off D. is to put off 11. You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A. shouldn t have been following B. mustn t follow C.

20、 couldn t have been following D. shouldn t follow 12. The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office. A. does not work B. had not worked C. not to work D. did not work 13. Wouldn t you rather your child _ to bed early? A. go B. would go C. went D. goes 14. I d rather you _ make any comme

21、nt on the issue for the time being. A. don t B. didn t C. wouldn t D. shouldn t 15. Mike s uncle insists _ in this hotel. A. staying not B. that he would not stay C. not to stay D. that he not stay 16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense. A.

22、 had been taken B. be taken C. would be taken D. to be taken 17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _ after 11:00 p.m. A. not to play loud music B. don t play loud music C. shouldn t play loud music D. couldn t play loud music 18. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of a

23、ny change in plans. A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed 19. He suggested _ to tomorrow s exhibition together. A. us to go B. we shall go C. we went D. we go 20. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place. A. be living B. would live C. were living D. would have lived2

24、1. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. might have slept C. slept D. have slept 22. Jean doesn t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldn t be able to see her friends very often. A. has to get B. had g

25、ot C. were to get D. could have got 23. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. had not been planned C. has not been planned D. were not planned 24. Had he worked harder, he _ the exams. A. must have got through B. would get thr

26、ough C. would have got through D. could get through 25. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive 26. _ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. Were

27、 she to leave C. If she leaves D. If she had left 27. _ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been 28. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. Had it not been B. Weren t it C. It were not D.

28、Had not it been 29. If it _ too much trouble, I d love a cup of tea. A. isn t B. weren t C. wasn t D. hadn t been 30. If I hadn t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now. A. wouldn t be smiling B. won t smile C. couldn t have smiled D. didn t smile 31. We didn t know his telepho

29、ne number; otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. would telephone C. must have telephoned D. had telephoned 32. He must have had an accident, or he _ then. A. would have been here B. should be here C. had to be here D. would be here 33. Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying

30、 home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made 34. We _ to start our own business, but we never had enough money. A. have hoped B. had hoped C. would hope D. should hope 35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell

31、 lest he _ himself. A. injure B. injured C. had injured D. would injure 36. "You are very selfish. It s high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world", Edgar said to his boss angrily. A. realized B. realize C. have realized D. should realize 37. It s already 5 o c

32、lock now. Don t you think it s about time _ ? A. we are going home B. we went home C. we go home D. we can go home 38. If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A. approve B. can approve C. will approve D. would approve39. Look at the terrible situation I

33、am in! If only I _ your advice. A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 40. I m sure he is up to the job _ he would give his mind to it. A. if only B. in case C. until D. unless 虛擬語(yǔ)氣歷年高考題 1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. hav

34、e had B. had had C. have D. had 2. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 3. We _ the difficulty together, but why didn t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 4. We

35、lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 5. Grace doesn t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldn t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live

36、 C. having asked D. were to live 6. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don t think we _ it without you. A. can manage B.

37、 could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 8. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 9. - Do you mind if I open the window? - _ I feel a bit cold. A. Of course not. B. I d rather you

38、didn t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not? 10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 11. What would have happened _, as far as the river

39、bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 12. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 13. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed

40、, he wouldn t suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 14. Without the air to hold some of the sun s heat, the earth at night _ , too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 15. You didn t let me drive

41、. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didn t get B. drove; wouldn t get C. were driving; wouldn t get D. had driven; wouldn t have got 16. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 17. Jane s pale

42、 face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 19. _ it rain t

43、omorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 20. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have be D. had been 21. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. Arained

44、B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 22. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they d never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. get 23. - Don t you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will no

45、t be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energyAwould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved 25. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would ha

46、ve gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 26. - The weather has been very hot and dry. - Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _.A. wouldn t die B. didn t die C. hadn t died D. wouldn t have died 27. George is going to talk about th

47、e geography of his country, but I d rather he_more on its culture. A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 28. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 29. - Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. - I

48、_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 30. Where are the children? The dinner s going to be completely ruined I wish they _ always late A. weren t B. hadn t been C. wouldn t be D. wouldn t have been答案與解析 1. D 譯文：杰克寧愿在大學(xué)學(xué)

49、的是商務(wù)而不是歷史。 本句是wish 后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在wish 后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。 其主要形式有三種： 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式； 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞； 表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形。 2. C 譯文：數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的相關(guān)計(jì)算，如果由人工操作的話，到計(jì)算完成時(shí)早已失去其實(shí)用價(jià)值。 本句是條件句中與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。由省略if 的從句(had they been done by hand)中的時(shí)態(tài)可知，C為正確答案。 3. D 譯文：這些申請(qǐng)表盡快寄出是極其必要

50、的。 本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。在It is important/necessary/ that-clause 結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。這一結(jié)構(gòu)是否用虛擬語(yǔ)氣取決于主句It is important/ that 中的形容詞（如本句中的important ）。 4. D 譯文：旅館接待員必須確保旅客登記正確，這點(diǎn)是很重要的。 本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。 5. B 譯文：申請(qǐng)表務(wù)必在截止日期之前寄回。 本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。 6. B 譯文：他必須馬上歸還字典。 本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。 7.

51、A 譯文：重要的是募集足夠的錢(qián)，為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。 本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。 8. B 譯文：湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不合適的。 本句涉及復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。在以it 為形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬用法主要取決于作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞 advisable。 9. B 譯文：大家都接受了讓市長(zhǎng)發(fā)獎(jiǎng)的建議。 本句涉及同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。英語(yǔ)中在表示命令、建議、勸告、愿望、要求等詞后所接的同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。常用

52、的這類(lèi)詞有suggestion, advise, order, recommendation, requirement, command, proposal等名詞。 10. A 譯文：我們都支持你提出的推遲討論的建議。 本句涉及同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。 11. A 譯文：你本不該跟他跟得這么緊；你本該保持一定距離的。 本句涉及-暗含虛擬句?！皊hould/ought not+ have+ 過(guò)去分詞”表示“本不應(yīng)該做某事，但卻做了”，含有某種責(zé)備的口氣?！皊hould/ought to+have+過(guò)去分詞”表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，卻未做”。 例如：You should have returned the book last week. 你本來(lái)應(yīng)該上周就該歸還這本書(shū)。（但上周并未還） 12. D 譯文：經(jīng)理寧愿他女兒不和他在同一個(gè)辦公室上班。 本句涉及賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在would rather,would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的從句中，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿”、“但愿”。其形式為： “would rather ( would sooner ）