大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)匯總

1、三級(jí)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)歸納一 虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. if 句中虛擬形式if 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句（純粹假設(shè)或發(fā)生的可能性不大）：條件 從句 主句與現(xiàn)在相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do與將來(lái)相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do與過(guò)去相反 had done would/ should/ might/ could have done例句If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time.If they hadnt gone on vacation, the

2、ir house wouldnt have been broken (break) into.2. 原形虛擬：a. 表命令、決定、要求、建議等詞語(yǔ)之后的that-分句中，用動(dòng)詞原形。suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire that (should) do例如 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggestion is that we should tell him.b. It is (was) 形

3、容詞/名詞that (should) do/例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.3. 一些句型中的虛擬形式：1. Its (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) 例如 Its time we left. 例如 It is time we went to bed.2 would rather/sooner 寧愿 as if/ though 好像would rather/sooner 謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí) 與現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)相反as if/ though

4、謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí) 與過(guò)去相反4練習(xí)1. I _ try it again if I_you.A. will； am B. should； am C. would； were D. would； had been2. If it _ not for the water， the plants _live.A. were； would not B. is； could not C. were； could D. did； could not3. If I _ that chance to show my ability, I _the president of this school.A. hav

5、e not had； could not become B. had not had； would not have become C. did not have； could not become D. doesnt have； will not become4. He _ by that burglar if you _ to save him.A. might have been killed； hadnt come B. will be killed； didnt comeC. may be killed； didt come D. could be killed； havent co

6、me5. If it _for your help， I _that hard time with so little money.A. were not； would not spend B. is not； can not spendC. had not been； would not have spent D. have not been； will not spend6. Where _ you go if war _?A. will； breaks out B. do； will break outC. would； were to break out D. will； is to

7、break out7. She wishes she _ that humiliating thing.A. doesnt do B. didnt do C. havent done D. hadnt done8. The chairman suggested that the meeting _ put off.A. can be B. be C. is D. will be9. It is vital that he _ immediately.A. should go B. must go C. goes D. went 10. It is time we _do our homewor

8、k.A. begin to B. can begin to C. began to D. will begin to答案：1.選C。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(指現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)) (譯文; 如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次)2選A。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(指現(xiàn)在的假設(shè))。(譯文：要是沒(méi)有水，植物就不能存活。)3. 選B。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。4 A。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。(譯文：要不是你來(lái)救他，他早就被那個(gè)竊賊殺了。)5. C。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。(譯：要沒(méi)有你幫忙，我那點(diǎn)兒錢是無(wú)法度過(guò)那段艱苦歲月的。)6.選C。表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。(譯文：要是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了，你會(huì)上哪兒去？)7.選D。虛擬語(yǔ)

9、氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句。(譯文：她真希望自己沒(méi)有做過(guò)那件丟臉的事情。)8. 選B。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示“建議”等意義的動(dòng)詞后。(譯文：主席建議會(huì)議延期舉行。)9. 選A。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句(It is was + 形容詞 + that 引導(dǎo)的分句)。10. 選C。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句It is time (that).句型。(譯文：我們?cè)撻_(kāi)始做作業(yè)了。)二動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1. 各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本變形一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(is,am,are) do/does現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be (is/am/are)+ doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/wer

10、edid過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing 一般將來(lái)時(shí)will do 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will do 將來(lái)完成will have done將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would do 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)would have done過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing 2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的搭配一定的時(shí)態(tài)往往和一定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。always ,usually, sometimes, 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does am is

11、arelast week, yesterday, a few days ago 一般過(guò)去時(shí) did was/ were next week, tomorrow, in a week, this year 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will donow, at present, at this moment 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be +doingso far, up to now, by the time, since的主句 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) has/have done3. 練習(xí)，用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He _ (be) eighteen next year.2. It _ (rain) every day so fa

12、r this month.3. Mozart _ (write) more than 600 pieces of music.4. If it _ (rain) tomorrow，well have to stay at home.5. How fast _ he _ (drive) when the accident happened?6. By the time Mr. Smith left school，he _ (teach) that course for twenty-five years.7. Perhaps he _ (finish) reading the book by t

13、his time tomorrow.1. 填will be。 next year為表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 2. 填has rained。so far是“到目前為止”的意思，常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配使用。3. 填wrote。Mozart (莫扎特)是已去世的音樂(lè)家，故應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)。4. 填rains。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情。5. 填was.driving。 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。6. 填had taught。句中有by the time Mr. Smith left school，主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。7. 填will have finished。

14、句中有by this time tomorrow，主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。三 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)主動(dòng)do am/is/are doingdidwas/were doingwill dowould dohas/have donehad donehas/have been doingwill have done被動(dòng)am/is/are doneam/is/are being donewas/were donewas/were being donewill be donew

15、ould be donehas/have been donehad been done will have been done1. The construction of the library_ before the end of next month.A. must have completed B. must have been completedC. must be completed D. must complete 2. The subject of these lectures _ by the lecture committee.A. announces B. hav

16、e been announcedC. announced D. has been announced3. My pictures _ until next week.A. wont develop B. arent developingC. dont develop D. wont be developed4. They _ so that we wouldnt recognize them.A. costumed B. disguised C. were disguising D.were disguised 5. All the apparatus (器械) _ before the ex

17、periment began.A. had been prepared B. were prepared C. had been prepared D. had prepared6. The worlds supplies of copper _ .A. have been gradually being exhausted B. has gradually exhaustedC. are gradually exhaustedD. are being gradually exhausted7. The goods _ when we arrived at the airport.A. wer

18、e just unloading B. were just being unloaded C. had just unloaded D. were just been unloaded 8. Tom _ the best student in his class.A. regards B. regards as C. has regarded as D. is regarded as9. The sports meeting _ because of the bad weather.A. put off B. was put off C. was putted off D. has put o

19、ff1. C。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done。(譯：到下月底圖書(shū)館的修建必須完工)2.D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：have been+done (譯：講座的課題已由講座委員會(huì)宣布了。)3. D。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：will be+done，其否定形式為：will not be +done 4.D一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為was/were+過(guò)去分詞(譯:為了不讓我們認(rèn)出來(lái),他們偽裝了起來(lái))5. C。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為：had been+過(guò)去分詞。6. D現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：are/is/am being+過(guò)去分詞。(譯:世界的銅資源正逐漸被耗盡)7.B。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被

20、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：waswere being+過(guò)去分詞。(譯:我們到機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)正在卸貨物。) 8. D。 (譯文：湯姆被認(rèn)為是班里最好的學(xué)生。)9. B。(譯文：運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)因天氣不好被取消了。)四 定語(yǔ)從句1.定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常緊跟在先行詞后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。 關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。例題：The Social Security Retirement Program is made

21、 up of two trust funds，_ could gopenniless by next year.A. the large one B. the larger of whichC. the largest one D. the largest of which選B。因?yàn)榍懊嬗衪wo，所以不能選D， A沒(méi)有連接手段，也不能選。三級(jí)試題中定語(yǔ)從句的考題： 1、I tried to get of the business _ I found impossible to carry on. A) why B)which C)what D)where 2、Once more I have

22、to leave Beijing , _ I have been living for eight years. A) that B)where C)which D)as 3、This book is designed for the leaners_native languages are not English. A)whose B)which C)who D)what 4、She got to know the young man very well_she had worked for so long. A)to whom B)in whom C)whom D)with whom 5、

23、The hotel_during the vacation was rather poorly managed. A)as I stayed B)where I stayed C)which I stayed D)what I stayed 6、There are so many dresses there that I really dont know_to choose. A)whether B)when C)which D)why 7、I think that Anna is_far the most active member in our group. A)with B)at C)a

24、s D)by五倒裝1. 當(dāng)only 放在句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用倒裝例：Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Only yesterday did I finish the book. 到昨天我才讀完那本書(shū)。2. 具有否定意義的副詞或詞組用于句首，要用倒裝。常見(jiàn)的否定詞有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not until, by no means, not only, neither, no sooner, hardly等。例句：Never shall I f

25、orget the days when you were with us. 1、Olny when we had finished all the work_that it was too late to take a bus home. A)did we realize B)informing C)informed D)to inform 2、Not until the day before yesterday_to give a speech at the meeting. A)he agreed B)does he agree C)he agrees D)did he agree 3、Y

26、oung_he is, he has proved to be an able sale sman. A)that B)who C)as D)which 4、Not until yesterday_anything about the project that will be completed soon. A)did I learn B)have I learnt C)I learnt D)that I learnt 5、He is used to flying by air and on no occasion_frightened. A)he has ever felt B)he ever feels C)ever does he feel D)has he ever felt 6、So_after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night. A)excited the mother was B)was the mother excited C)the mother was excited D)excited was the mother 7、So lo