初中英語八下Unit1單詞知識梳理詞匯句式精講

1、初中英語八下Unit1單詞知識梳理詞匯句式精講Unit1 What's the matter?Unit 1單詞 （音標）matter mæt v. 重要，要緊，有關(guān)系Whats the matter? 怎么了？出什么事了？sore s:(r) adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的have a cold 感冒stomach 'stmk n. 胃，腹部stomachache 'stmkek n. 胃痛，腹痛have a stomachache 胃痛foot(復數(shù)feet) fu:t n. 腳neck nek n. 頸，脖子throat rt n. 喉嚨fever 'f

2、i:v n. 發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱lie la v. 躺，平躺lie down 躺下rest rest n. 剩余部分，其余；放松，休息cough kf n. & v. 咳嗽X-ray 'eksre n. X光，X射線toothache tu:ek n. 牙痛take one's temperature 量體溫headache hedek n. 頭痛have a fever 發(fā)燒break brek n. & v. 休息，暫停；打破take breaks (take a break） 休息hurt h:t v. 傷害，損害，使受傷，疼passenger 'p

3、30;snd n. 乘客，旅客off f adv. prep. 離開（某處）；從去掉get off 下車to one's surprise 使驚訝，出乎意料onto nt prep. 向，朝trouble trbl n. 麻煩，煩擾，問題hit hit n. & v. 碰撞，打，打擊right away 立即，馬上get into 陷入，參與herself h:self她自己，她本身（she的反身代詞）bandage 'bændd n. & v. 繃帶；用繃帶包扎sick sk adj. 患病的，不適的knee ni: n. 膝蓋nosebleed n

4、zbli:d n. 鼻出血breathe bri:ð v. 呼吸sunburned snb:nd adj. 曬傷的ourselves :selvz我們自己（we的反身代詞）climber klam(r) n. 登山者be used to 習慣于 適應于risk rsk n. & v. 風險，危險；冒險take risks (take a risk) 冒險accident æksidnt n. 意外事件；事故situation sitjuein n. 狀況，形式，情況kg=kilogram klgræm n. 公斤，千克rock rk n. 巖石run ou

5、t (of) 用盡，耗盡knife naif n. 刀，餐刀cut off 切除blood bld n. 血mean mi:n v. 意味著，意思是，意欲get out of 離開，從 出來importance mp:tns n. 重要性decision d'sn n. 決心，決定，抉擇control kn'trl v. 控制，支配，操縱be in control of 掌管，管理spirit 'sprt n. 勇氣，意志death de n. 死亡give up 放棄nurse n:s n. 護士Judy 朱迪（女名）Nancy 南希（女名）Mandy 曼迪（女名）A

6、ron Ralston 阿倫·羅爾斯頓Utah 尤他州（美國）Unit1 知識梳理【重點單詞】matter mæt v. 重要，要緊，有關(guān)系Whats the matter? 怎么了？出什么事了？sore s:(r) adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的have a cold 感冒stomach 'stmk n. 胃，腹部stomachache 'stmkek n. 胃痛，腹痛have a stomachache 胃痛foot(復數(shù)feet) fu:t n. 腳neck nek n. 頸，脖子throat rt n. 喉嚨fever 'fi:v n. 發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱

7、lie la v. 躺，平躺lie down 躺下rest rest n. 剩余部分，其余；放松，休息cough kf n. & v. 咳嗽X-ray 'eksre n. X光，X射線toothache tu:ek n. 牙痛take one's temperature 量體溫headache hedek n. 頭痛have a fever 發(fā)燒break brek n. & v. 休息，暫停；打破take breaks (take a break） 休息hurt h:t v. 傷害，損害，使受傷passenger 'pæsnd n. 乘客，旅

8、客off f adv. prep. 離開（某處）；從去掉get off 下車to one's surprise 使驚訝，出乎意料onto nt prep. 向，朝trouble trbl n. 麻煩，煩擾，問題hit hit n. & v. 碰撞，打，打擊right away 立即，馬上get into 陷入，參與herself h:self pron. 她自己，她本身（she的反身代詞）bandage 'bændd n. & v. 繃帶；用繃帶包扎sick sk adj. 患病的，不適的knee ni: n. 膝蓋nosebleed nzbli:d

9、n. 鼻出血breathe bri:ð v. 呼吸sunburned snb:nd adj. 曬傷的ourselves :selvz pron. 我們自己（we的反身代詞）climber klam(r) n. 登山者be used to 習慣于 適應于risk rsk n. & v. 風險，危險；冒險take risks (take a risk) 冒險accident æksidnt n. 意外事件；事故situation sitjuein n. 狀況，形式，情況kg=kilogram klgræm n. 公斤，千克rock rk n. 巖石run ou

10、t (of) 用盡，耗盡knife naif n. 刀，餐刀cut off 切除blood bld n. 血mean mi:n v. 意味著，意思是，意欲get out of 離開，從 出來importance mp:tns n. 重要性decision d'sn n. 決心，決定，抉擇control kn'trl v. 控制，支配，操縱be in control of 掌管，管理spirit 'sprt n. 勇氣，意志death de n. 死亡give up 放棄nurse n:s n. 護士【重點短語】1.have a fever 發(fā)燒2.have a coug

11、h 咳嗽3.have a toothache 牙疼4.talk too much 說得太多5.drink enough water 喝足夠的水6.have a cold 受涼;感冒7.have a stomachache 胃疼8.have a sore back 背疼9.have a sore throat 喉嚨痛10. take risks 冒險11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶12.see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片14.take one s temperature 量體溫15.put some medicine on sth

12、. 在上面敷藥16. give up 放棄17. sound like 聽起來像18. all weekend 整個周末19. in the same way 以同樣的方式20. go to a doctor 看醫(yī)生21. go along 沿著走22. on the side of the road 在馬路邊23. shout for help 大聲呼救24. without thinking twice 沒有多想25. get off 下車26. have a heart problem 有心臟病27. to one s surprise 另某人驚訝的是28. thanks to 多虧了

13、；由于29. in time 及時30. make a decision 做出決定31. get into trouble 造成麻煩32. right away 立刻；馬上33. because of 由于34. get out of 離開;從出來35. keep on doing sth. 繼續(xù)或堅持做某事36. put a bandage on sth. 用繃帶包扎37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到惡心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割傷他的膝蓋41. put her head back 把她的頭向后仰42.

14、have problems breathing 呼吸困難43. mountain climbing 登山運動44. be used to doing sth. 習慣做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用盡46. so that 以便47. so.that. 如此以至于.48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在閑境中【重點句型】1. What's the matter with you?= What'the trouble with you?= What's wrong with you?

15、你怎么了？2. What should she do? 她該怎么辦呢？3.Should I take my temperature? 我應該量一下體溫嗎？4.You should lie down and rest. 你應該躺下休息一會兒。5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你認為它是來自報紙還是書呢？6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同樣的姿勢一動不動地坐得太久了。7. She said that the man had a h

16、eart problem and should go to the hospital. 她說這個人有心臟病應該去醫(yī)院。詞匯講解1. have a coldhave a cold是動詞短語，意為“患感冒，傷風”，也可以說成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病，得病”，不能用于進行時態(tài)，但可與一段時間連用，表示狀態(tài)；而catch/get a cold則表示瞬時動作，不能同一段時間連用。例如：I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。此句也可以表達為：I had/caught/got a cold th

17、ree days ago.【拓展】表示人體某部位“痛”時的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）have a + 身體部位名詞后加-ache構(gòu)成。例如：have a headache 頭痛have a toothache 牙痛have a stomachache胃痛（2）have a sore + 身體部位名詞。例如：have a sore throat 喉嚨痛have a sore arm 胳膊痛have a sore foot 腳痛（3）身體部位 + hurt/ache。例如：My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。My legs ache. 我腿疼。（4）have a pain in/ on + the + 身

18、體部位。例如：I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。（5）There is something wrong with + ones + 身體部位。例如：There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。2. rest（1）rest作及物動詞，意為“使休息”，作不及物動詞，意為“休息”。例如：You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading.在大量閱讀之后，你應該休息一下你的眼睛。Im tired, and I want to rest. 我累了，我想休息。（2）rest也可以

19、作名詞，常用搭配have a rest，表示“休息一下”。例如：You have a cold，and should have a rest.你感冒了，應該休息一下。3. break（1）break作不及物，意為“弄碎，破碎”。break的過去式為broke，過去分詞為broken。例如：Glass is easily broken. 玻璃容易破碎。（2）break作及物動詞，意為“弄碎，弄斷”。例如：Li Ming broke his left leg last night. 昨晚李明摔斷了左腿。（3）break作及物動詞，意為“不遵守”。例如：As a student, you shoul

20、dnt break school rules.作為學生，你不該違反學校規(guī)則?！就卣埂?1) break down 意為“(機器)壞了”。例如：We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.我們很抱歉到晚了，因為車拋錨了。（2）break into 表示“破門而入”。例如：I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧見兩個人想闖入我的辦公室。(3）break out 表示“（戰(zhàn)爭、瘟疫、火災等）爆發(fā)”。例如：World War II broke out in Septem

21、ber 1939. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1939年9月。4. hurt（1）hurt作及物動詞，意為“使受傷，使弄痛”，過去分詞和過去式都是hurt。例如：He hurt his right knee. 他傷了右膝。I hope you havent hurt yourself. 但愿你沒有受傷。(2) hurt 既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害。例如：You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat.你說她胖，傷害了她的感情了。I dont mean to hurt you. 我并非有意傷害你。（3）hurt作不及物動詞，意為“疼痛

22、”。例如：My feet hurt when I walk. 我走路時腳疼。I caught a cold and my head hurt. 我感冒了而且頭痛。5. freefree作及物動詞，意為“使自由”。例如：Can you free me for half an hour？ 你能讓我自由一個小時嗎？【拓展】（1）free作形容詞，表示“自由的；空閑的”。例如：You are free to ask questions. 你可以請隨便問。Are you free tomorrow？你有空嗎？（2）free還可作“免費的”。例如：Are the drinks free? 這飲料是免費的嗎

23、?The books are given away free. 這些書是免費贈送的。（3）free的副詞freely可表示“自由地，隨便地等”，可位于動詞之前或之后。例如：You may speak freely. 你可以直言。He could write freely about it now. 他可以自由地寫這個事了。6. mean（1）mean作及物動詞，表示“打算，意味著”，后接名詞，動詞不定式短語或從句。例如：The red light means “Stop”. 紅燈表示停止。I mean to go shopping. 我的意思是去購物。The sign means that t

24、he road is blocked. 這個標志表示此路不通。（2）mean的名詞形式是“meaning”，表示“意思、含義”。例如：Whats the meaning of the word？這個單詞的是什么意思？（3）What do / did you mean by.? 該句型的意思是“你是什么意思?” 例如：What do you mean by acting like this? 你這樣做是什么意思?7. lielie是動詞，意為“躺”，過去式和過去分詞分別為lay和lain，現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。例如：I found he was lying on the ground. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他

25、躺在地上?！就卣埂?1) lie有“位于”的意思。例如：A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺廟位于山頂之上。(2) lie作動詞時，也可意為“撒謊”，過去式和過去分詞是規(guī)則的，均為lied。lie也可用作名詞，意為“謊言”。例如：Dont lie to me.不要向我撒謊。The boy told a lie to me. 這個男孩向我撒了謊。原形詞義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie躺；位于laylainlyinglie說謊liedliedlying (3)英語中，部分以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞的-ing形式必須改ie為y再加-ing。例如：die d

26、ying tie tying lie lying8. breathebreathe可以作不及物動詞也可以作及物動詞，意為“呼吸”。例如：The old man is breathing hard.這位老人呼吸困難。Its good to breathe fresh air. 呼吸新鮮空氣有好處?！就卣埂勘嫖鯾reathe和breath這兩個詞都是表示“呼吸”的意思，但詞性不同。breath 是名詞；breathe 是動詞。例如：He has run himself out of breath他跑得上氣不接下氣。Its healthy to breathe deeply in the morni

27、ng早上做深呼吸對身體有益。breath的常用短語：take a deep breath 深呼吸；out of breath上氣不接下氣9. ourselvesourselves是反身代詞，意為“我們自己”。表示“某人自己”的代詞，叫反身代詞，也叫自身代詞。反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語、表語和同位語，需要注意反身代詞與所指代的名詞或代詞在人稱、性別和數(shù)上保持一致。反身代詞的構(gòu)成是：第一人稱和第二人稱是“形容詞性物主代詞-self/selves”。例如：myself（我自己），ourselves（我們自己），yourself（你自己），yourselves（你們自己）第三人稱是“賓格代詞-self

28、/selves”；單數(shù)形式是加-self，復數(shù)形式是加-selves。例如：himself（他自己），herself（她自己），itself（它自己），themselves（他們自己）注意：對于單數(shù)人稱的反身代詞加-self,對于復數(shù)人稱的反身代詞加-selves。常用短語有：by oneself 某人獨自enjoy oneselfhave a good time 玩得開心teach oneself 自學help oneself to 隨便吃、喝dress oneself 自己穿衣服hurt oneself 傷了自己練一練：I. 英漢詞組互譯。1. have a cold _ 2. 量體溫_3

29、. to ones surprise_ 4. 同意做某事_5. be used to doing sth. _ 6. 看醫(yī)生_7. run out of_ 8. 下車_9. thanks to _ 10. 及時_II. 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示補全句子。1. Do you_ (介意) if I open the window？2Be careful，not to _(受傷) yourself3Tom is in a difficult s_4I have made a d_ about my study goal for the new term5We should look after o_ w

30、hen we are alone at home6If you have a fever，you s_ lie down and rest7I have a _（牙疼），so I want to see a dentist(牙醫(yī))8They retire(退休) and have a lot of f_ timeIII. 從括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。1Its hard to make a _(decide) now2Is she used to _(walk) after supper?3The _(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad4As time

31、goes by，we can realize the _(important) of love5_ he _(have) a sore back?6He should _(have) some hot water7Look! A dog _(lie) at the door8We are _(surprise) at the news9He kept on _(work) though his leg hurt10No one can be successful _(with) hard work【參考答案】I. 英漢詞組互譯。1.感冒 2.take ones temperature3.使某人

32、吃驚 4.agree to do sth.5.習慣于做 6.go to see a doctor7.用盡；耗盡 8.get off9. 多虧；由于 10. in timeII. 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示補全句子。1.mind 2.hurt 3. situation 4. decision5. ourselves 6. should 7. toothache 8. freeIII.從括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。1. decision 2.walking 3. death4.importance 5. Does，have6. have 7. is lying 8.surprised9. workin

33、g 10. without02重點句型解析1. Whats the matter？Whats the matter?和Whats wrong?是用來詢問對方出了什么毛病或問題，意為“怎么了？”，是醫(yī)生詢問病人病情時的常用語。例如： Whats the matter? 你怎么了？I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。Whats wrong, Tom? Tom怎么了？I dont feel very well. 我感覺不太舒服。【拓展】Whats the matter?和Whats wrong?后可接with sb. / sth.，即Whats the matter with sb.

34、/ sth.?或Whats wrong with sb./sth.?意為“某人/某物怎么了？”例如：Whats the matter with you? = Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？Whats wrong / Whats the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了？ Nothing. 沒什么。注意：matter是名詞，其前只能加定冠詞the；wrong是形容詞，前面不需要加任何冠詞。能說Whats your wrong? 和Whats your matter?2. What should she do？She should take her

35、temperature.should作情態(tài)動詞，意為“應當，應該”。表示義務、責任，可用于各種人稱，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，也不能單獨作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)；否定形式為should not，縮寫為shouldnt。其主要用法有：(1) 表示責任和義務，意為“應該”。例如：You should take your teachers advice. 你應該聽從你老師的建議。You shouldnt be late for class. 你不應該上課遲到。(2) 表示推斷，意為“可能，該”。例如：The train should have already left. 火

36、車可能已經(jīng)離開了。3. But to his surprise，they all agreed to go with him.（1） surprise作動詞時，意為“使驚奇，使感到意外、吃驚”。例如：What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外？（2） surprise作不可數(shù)名詞時，表示“驚奇，驚異”。例如：Her face showed surprise at the news.聽到這個消息，她的臉上露出了驚奇的表情。（3）surprise作可數(shù)名詞時，表示“驚奇、驚訝、意外的事或吃驚的事”。例如：He gave me a surprise by arriving early

37、.他的早到使我大感意外。（4）作名詞用時?？蓸?gòu)成如下短語：to ones surprise意為“使某人吃驚的是”；in surprise意為“吃驚地 ”。例如：To my surprise, he passed the exam.使我吃驚是，他竟然通過了考試。He looked at me in surprise. 他吃驚地望著我。4. He was not ready to die that day.（1）ready 作形容詞，意為“準備好的”。例如：Is everything ready? 一切都準備好了嗎？Are you ready? 你準備好了嗎？（2）be/get ready to

38、+ 動詞原形，意為“準備做”。例如：Im getting ready to travel. 我正準備去旅行。【拓展】be ready for意為“準備去”，后接名詞或動名詞，同義短語為get ready for。例如：Im ready for bed. 我正準備睡覺。The chicken will soon be ready for the pot.這些雞肉很快就可以準備下鍋了。5. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks.mind作及物動詞，意為“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑問句、否定句、條件句中，后面接名詞

39、、代詞、動詞-ing形式或從句。例如：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打開窗戶嗎？Dont mind me.不要管我。【拓展】mind還可作名詞，意為“智力、頭腦、想法、意見”。例如：He has quick mind. 他頭腦敏銳。Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改變了主意。練一練：I. 按括號中的要求改寫句子。1. We had a good time in the park yesterday. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)We _ _ in the park yesterday.2. Sleeping eight ho

40、urs a night is very important. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ very important _ _ eight hours a night.3. Its important that we should eat a balanced diet. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Its important _ _ _ _ a balanced diet.4. Whats the matter with you? (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Whats _ _ you?5. I think I have a cold. (改為否定句)I _ _ I _ a cold.6. She has a toothache

41、. (對劃線部分提問)_ the _ _ her?7. My head hurts. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)I _ a _.8. There is a tall building in front of my house. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)A tall building _ in front of my house.9. He need not return the book three days ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)He _ _ _ return the book three days ago.10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)I hope _ I _ _ a present for my mother with my own money.II.根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。1. 你的手表怎么了？ 它不走了。 _ _ _ your watch? Its doesnt wor