中考英語閱讀理解設(shè)題和解答技巧

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 中考英語閱讀理解設(shè)題及解答技巧中考英語閱讀理解設(shè)題主要分成細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理引申題和主旨大意題，尤其是主旨大意題，初中學(xué)生普遍感覺復(fù)習(xí)沒有方向，掌握不了技巧。本文旨在對(duì)各個(gè)設(shè)題進(jìn)行剖析，和學(xué)生共同揣摩解題方法，掌握技巧，化解壓力。1， 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.       細(xì)節(jié)題即我們常見的wh-題，(what, which, who, where, why, when, whose, how)，根據(jù)文章的具體信息如事實(shí)，例證，原因，過程等進(jìn)行提問，考查學(xué)生獲取信息，以及對(duì)文章所提供信息的理解能力

2、。2.       常見設(shè)題方式(1)    Which of the following statement is True/ Not True?（是非判斷題型）(2) Which of the following is Not mentioned in the text?(3) What/ Who/ When/ Where/ Why/ How? （特殊疑問類型）(4) All the statements are true Except?（except，除之外）(5) Which is th

3、e right order of ?（排序題類型）(6) The author gives in the example in paragraph in order to （例證題類型）(7) the most/ est; the only  （判斷修飾限定的細(xì)節(jié)題類型）3.       答題技巧(1)    審題：找出題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞（數(shù)字，大寫，人民，地名等）；(2)    閱讀全文，確定該細(xì)節(jié)在文中的出處；(3)    對(duì)照題

4、干要求，排除或者選擇；(4)    確定答案，并驗(yàn)證答案。例題1：     How much does your mother do for you? She taught you to walk, helped you learn to read and looks after you every day. And you could never thank her enough for everything.Q: According to the passage, what did your moth

5、er do for you?A.     Taught you to walk.       C. Took care of youB.      Helped you learn to read   D. All of the above.答案：D，根據(jù)劃線部分可知A，B，C都是，故選擇D。例題2：Mr. Brown was born in a poor family. （D）He couldnt go to sc

6、hool when he was young. （A）Now hes a porter and works at a station. （C）He doesn't think it necessary to know some knowledge of science. His son. Bill, began to go to school last year. The boy likes nothing except playing. He doesn't listen to the teachers in class and can't do his h

7、omework after class. It's the hardest thing for him to do math exercises. And he wants to drop it.            Q: Which of the following is true?A. Mr. Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.B. Mr. Brown's parents were too poor

8、to send him to school.C. Mr. Brown wasn't interested in science when he was young.D. There was no school in Mr. Brown's hometown.       答案：B，首先要知道題目讓我們選擇的是正確的一項(xiàng)，根據(jù)劃線部分可得出答案為B。他現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)行李搬運(yùn)工，而不是以前，A錯(cuò)誤；Mr Brown 現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為沒有必要知道一些科學(xué)知識(shí)，C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二句話可知因?yàn)榧依锔F沒有上學(xué)，而不是沒有學(xué)校，D錯(cuò)誤。4.  &

9、#160;    細(xì)節(jié)干擾項(xiàng)特征(1)    是原文信息，但不是題目所要求的信息；(2)    符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容；(3)    與原文內(nèi)容及其相似，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)（通常過于絕對(duì)化的詞不要選）；(4)    部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤；(5)    張冠李戴。例題：The childrens answers were generally growth of moral understanding in early

10、 childhood. （D）More of the four-to-five-year-olds thought the child in the story would feel better keeping the stolen candy, lying and getting unpunished. They imagined the parent in the study would be angry with the child who confessed. However, the seven-to-nine-year-olds were more

11、likely（可能的）to think the child would feel better confessor.Q: What did smith and his workmates find in their study?A. Older kids are more likely than younger children to confess to a bad act.B. Younger children are more likely than older kids to confess to a bad act.C. The four-to-five-year-olds woul

12、d feel better confessing the crime.D. The seven-to-nine-year-olds thought parents would be angry with their confessions.答案：A，本題帶了一點(diǎn)的推理題在里面，不可以直接得出答案，需要轉(zhuǎn)換一下思路。根據(jù)第二句話可知D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該是4-5歲的孩子認(rèn)為承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤父母會(huì)生氣；根據(jù)最后一句話可知B和C錯(cuò)誤，A選項(xiàng)正確。  注：本道題很好的體現(xiàn)了部分正確和部分錯(cuò)誤以及張冠李戴這種現(xiàn)象，做題時(shí)要注意動(dòng)作發(fā)生的主語是誰。2， 閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題1.詞義猜測(cè)題是指在閱讀過

13、程中，根據(jù)對(duì)語篇的信息，邏輯，背景知識(shí)及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測(cè)或推斷某一生詞，難詞，關(guān)鍵詞的意義。備注：兩種方式：（1）猜測(cè)單詞的中文意思；（2） 猜測(cè)單詞的同義詞或者近義詞。2.常見設(shè)題方式（1）The underlined word/ phrase in the passage means _.（2）The word “it/ them” in Para 1/ the first paragraph refers to _.（3）What does the underlined word “” refers to _.（4）Whats the meaning of the underl

14、ine word “”?3.答題技巧（1）根據(jù)上下文語境猜測(cè)詞義 例題：Hello, everyone. Im Gina. Im a librarian. I work in a school library. Its 3:30 in the afternoon now. Im working for the students.     Q: The underlined word “ librarian” in the passage means _.A.     校長(zhǎng)   

15、0; B. 圖書管理員    C. 作家    D. 書商答案：B，聯(lián)系上下文，在學(xué)校圖書館工作，應(yīng)該是圖書管理員。（2）根據(jù)定義或者釋義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義     利用定義或者釋義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義，即根據(jù)文章上下文，借助定語（從句），表語甚至用逗號(hào)，破折號(hào)等引出的內(nèi)容對(duì)生詞加以解釋說明。常用的標(biāo)志性詞匯有：be, mean, refer to, be called, be known as, that is, or, in other words等 例題：  &#

16、160;  I ran into my house quickly to call 119, and then I rang my neighbors doorbell and knocked at the door, but there was no response. Oh, maybe there was nobody at home. I got into the house through the window and found     Q: The underlined word “response”

17、 can be replaced by _.A.     result    B. answer      C. question      D. key     答案：B，根據(jù)前后文，敲門但是沒有回應(yīng)，可能家里沒有人在家，response這個(gè)單詞是“回應(yīng)”的意思，和answer是同義詞。（3）根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義 例題：   It wa

18、s a great way to get his mind off what he had to do later. As they got close to the school, he could feel his heart beating. His hands were starting to sweat. He hated this!     Q: What does the underlined word “sweat” probably mean?A.     觸摸    

19、;  B. 鼓掌     C. 出汗      D. 指點(diǎn)       答案：C，前文說到走進(jìn)學(xué)校的時(shí)候，感覺到自己的心跳，根據(jù)生活常識(shí)緊張的時(shí)候心跳得很快，并且會(huì)出汗，所以可以推測(cè)出這個(gè)單詞的意思，sweat是“出汗”的意思。（4）根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在but, however, yet, otherwise, though這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯的對(duì)比關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過這種對(duì)比

20、關(guān)系，很容易猜出生詞的詞義。例題1：        Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.         Q: What does the underlined word “grubby” refer to ?A.     骯臟的      B. 整潔的     

21、  C.舒服的       D. 仔細(xì)的答案：A，though表示盡管，前后轉(zhuǎn)折，句意為：盡管Tom的臉被洗得很干凈，他得脖子仍然是臟的。前后對(duì)比，grubby為clean的反義詞。   例題2：   Parents of very young children know this: You catch your child in the act of stealing the cookiethe evidence of candy written on his o

22、r her face. However, you get a wide-eyed denial: “I didnt do it!”  Q: What does the underlined word “denial” mean?A.      委屈       B. 責(zé)備       C. 否認(rèn)         D. 拒絕

23、60;   答案：C，根據(jù)段落意思，抓住了孩子偷東西的行為，但是你得到了一個(gè)否認(rèn)的答案。However前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，denial作為名詞，是否認(rèn)的意思。3， 閱讀理解之主旨大意題1.主旨大意題在于考查對(duì)全文或者某一段落整體把握能力，即對(duì)整篇文章的概括能力；考查的題目大多是針對(duì)段落（或全文）的主題思想，標(biāo)題或者目的。2. 常見設(shè)題方式（1）考查文章的中心思想     The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.      

24、    Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?（2）考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇      The best title/headline for this passage is _.      Which of the following is the best title?  （3）考查作者的寫作態(tài)度和意圖  What is the authors main purpose in th

25、is passage?      In the passage the author wants to tell _.         The writers attitude towards .  is _.（4）考查文章段落大意的理解  In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us _.3.主旨大意題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)（1）以偏概全：只是局部信息或者一句沒有展開論述的話。 （2）過于籠統(tǒng)：即歸納的主題太寬泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或沒有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以充分

26、論述。（3）把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加于作者：讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷，而忽視了作者觀點(diǎn)。（4）無關(guān)信息：在文章中沒有提到或者找不到原文依據(jù)的信息。4.解題技巧（1）主題句在段首例題：     There are many different ways to travel to Paris from London. One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train. From Waterloo Railway Station, you can travel all the way to Pa

27、ris. The journey（旅程）takes about three hours. The train, called the Eurostar, is very modern, and the seats are comfortable. You can also travel to France by ship . Q: The passage mainly tells us about _ .    A. different ways traveling from London to Paris.    B. internation

28、al flights from London to Paris.    C. buses stopping at Ferry Terminal Seven in Dover.   答案：A，通過閱讀文章可知，文章的第一句 “There are many different ways to travel to Paris from London. ” 是該段的主題句?！皬陌屠璧絺惗赜泻芏嗖煌姆绞健?，接下來說“One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train  ”, “

29、You can also travel to France by ship . ”，論述主題句。（2）主題句在段尾例題：     What do you think of online shopping and traditional shopping? Today my classmate May and I have a talk about it. We have different ideas about online shopping and traditional shopping. May likes online shoppin

30、g. She thinks it is easy and she can buy almosteverything on the Internet. She doesn't like to go to real shops because there are always too many people. But I like traditional shopping. I think trying on clothes in the real shop is great. And sometimes it is not safe to buy things on the Intern

31、et. Q: This article mainly tells us _ .      A. May likes online shopping     B. I like traditional shopping     C. difference between online shopping and traditional shopping      D. May and I have different ideas about online sh

32、opping and traditional shopping      答案：D，通讀全文可知，第一段最后一句“We have different ideas about online shopping and traditional shopping. ” 為本文主題句，第二段是圍繞這一主題展開的，故答案選D。（3）歸納總結(jié)法有些文章沒有明確的主題句，這就要求學(xué)生得對(duì)全文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納總 結(jié)，得出全文的主題思想，從而解答題目。注意： 不能以偏概全，分清主次，抓住主干；      

33、  不能過于寬泛，要恰如其分；       注意多次出現(xiàn)的高頻詞或主題詞，抓住關(guān)鍵詞。例題：        Many Chinese people like American country music.  But still some people don't know when country music began.Country music is from the folk music（民間音樂）of the Appalachian Mou

34、ntains in the east of America. There, people sang while playing the violin and the guitar. They sang about everyday life, love and their problems. So the songs were sometimes a little sad. One of the most popular country music singers is John Denver. He is also quite famous to the Chinese. In 1

35、997, John Denver died. The world lost a great man. But his music and words will live on.Q: What's the main idea of the passage?A. Chinese like American country music. B. Country music is from the folk music.C. John Denver is a country music singer. D. Some things about American country

36、 music. 答案：D，本文第一段由“許多中國(guó)人喜歡美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村音樂” 引入；第二段介紹了鄉(xiāng)村音樂的由來；第三段介紹了一名鄉(xiāng)村音樂歌手。由此可知本文都是圍繞鄉(xiāng)村音樂這一中心展開的，選項(xiàng)A、B、C都是本文的一個(gè)方面，只有D項(xiàng)最全面，故選D。注：采用歸納主題法解答主旨大意題時(shí)，可先歸納每一個(gè)段落的中心意思，然后再對(duì)每段的中心意思進(jìn)行總結(jié)，從而得出全文的主題思想。4， 閱讀理解之推理引申題1. 推理引申題主要測(cè)試考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力，要求考生領(lǐng)悟所讀材料中句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，并且根據(jù)材料提供的已知信息進(jìn)行分析、歸納和推理。2. 常見設(shè)題方式(1) 

37、60;  It can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence that(2)    We can infer that(3)    The author suggests in the passage that      (4)    From the passage /the third paragraph/the last sente

38、nce/the example that we can draw the conclusion that 3.解題方法與事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題不同，推理引申題的答案是以事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和研究，按照事實(shí)發(fā)展的邏輯次序，得出結(jié)論，此結(jié)論不能與文章描述重合。例題：             Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sai

39、l a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledg

40、e of using wind power.For many centuries, people used windmills to grind wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radi

41、o. However, by the 1940s, when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized th

42、at the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.Q：What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A. The advantag

43、e of wind power.B. The design of wind power plants.C. The worldwide movement to save energy.D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.答案： D，本題需要根據(jù)整篇文章，尤其是最后一段所講內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推測(cè)和判斷，前提是我們要了解文章主要講的是風(fēng)能利用的歷史，而且最后提到現(xiàn)如今人們更加關(guān)注污染問題，全球有重新利用風(fēng)能的趨勢(shì)，所以接下去段落肯定會(huì)圍繞全球范圍內(nèi)利用風(fēng)制造能源的趨勢(shì)，故選D。閱讀理解之作者觀點(diǎn)題1. 在一篇文章中，作者的觀點(diǎn)

44、態(tài)度的提出，有的直截了當(dāng)，有的隱含在字里行間，有的通過所用詞語的褒貶來體現(xiàn)，有的則需要通讀全文，把握主旨才能領(lǐng)會(huì)。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或詞組有attitude，opinion，tone等等.2.常見設(shè)題方式（1）作者態(tài)度題 What is the tone (mood) of the passage? Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author?       （2）作者觀點(diǎn)題 What do

45、es the writer think of?  According to the author, .    In the authors opinion, .The author thinks (believes, suggests) that  In the authors eyes 例題：             Hong Kong

46、 will never be the same again since the street riots(騷亂) began at 1:40 am on Sunday. While the situation is changing by the minute, here are the major notes of Monday morning.Firstly, the most significant development with “Occupy Central” is that it appears to have turned “Occupy the business district