專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生英語(yǔ)課程講義1劉宏生

1、中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生（英語(yǔ)授課材料）中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院2011年綜合說(shuō)明：復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：附件1中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)院專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生英語(yǔ)試題結(jié)構(gòu)模版附件2 句子結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)（試卷中最后一道題目的解釋）附件 3 語(yǔ)音單詞練習(xí)附件4 閱讀資料輔導(dǎo)與考試出題說(shuō)明：教學(xué)過(guò)程主要以講授授課材料為主，共講授約3天，未講授完的材料為學(xué)員自學(xué)部分。出題將根據(jù)教師教學(xué)和學(xué)員學(xué)習(xí)情況，結(jié)合本輔導(dǎo)材料選取的文章，按照附件1的框架結(jié)構(gòu)，試卷將主要考察學(xué)員在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音、詞匯、閱讀、翻譯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的語(yǔ)言基本功。試卷將注重綜合能力考察。大部分試題將出自本輔導(dǎo)材料中的文章。教師在教學(xué)過(guò)程中將結(jié)合輔導(dǎo)材料，主要講授語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)知

2、識(shí)、詞匯的意義與搭配、典型句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)篇的各種修辭手段、上下文的照應(yīng)與銜接知識(shí)等等。附件1 中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生英語(yǔ)考試試卷(2011年模版)考試說(shuō)明：考試時(shí)間120分鐘，即2個(gè)小時(shí)。嚴(yán)禁用詞典、電子詞典等工具。 所有答案寫在答題紙上。 Part I. Phonetics: (10%) Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts

3、 and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.(本題考察學(xué)員對(duì)于英文國(guó)際音標(biāo)的認(rèn)知，要求考生能夠?qū)τ谟⑽膯卧~發(fā)音的關(guān)鍵音素作出準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分。單詞為教材中的基礎(chǔ)詞匯。)1. A. height B. hopefully C. housing D. honest 2. A. generation B. mention C. memory D. meta

4、llic3. A. persuaded B. treated C. happened D. wounded4. A. shout B. touch C. announce D. about5. A. Mediterranean B. western C. medium D. revolution6. A. castle B. vast C. waste D. fasten7. A. disappear B. fear C. pear D. year 8. A. correct B. comfort C. discover D. come9. A.city B.bicycle C.face D.

5、climb10. A.breathe B.these C.think D.withPart II. Vocabulary (20% )Section A (10%)For each word given you must choose from the two choices the best answer and write your answer A or B on the ANSWER SHEET.(本題考察學(xué)員對(duì)于英文單詞的詞義，尤其是近義詞能夠產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想，從而檢查考生對(duì)于單詞詞義的認(rèn)知。)11. defendA. commit B. guard12. likelihoodA. poss

6、ibilityB. intelligence13. standardA. measureB. criterion14. surveyA. forgeB. investigate15. gloriousA. magnificentB. convince16. trendA. integrityB. tendency17. respondA. replyB. detect18. revealA. demonstrateB. imagine19. regularA. certificateB. normal20. imagineA. deserveB. assumeSection B (10%)Ch

7、oose the words or phrases that can best complete the following sentences, and write your answer A B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(本題同樣考察學(xué)員對(duì)于英文單詞的認(rèn)知，要求考生能夠?qū)τ谟⑽膯卧~通過(guò)詞性、詞形、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、搭配的認(rèn)知，準(zhǔn)確判斷。)21. The _ of working at the city garbage dump in the summer is not enough to prevent this young man from his goal - m

8、aking money for his education.A. discomfortB. benefitC. expenseD. tuition 22. What we do now to improve the environment will have an _ on the way in which our future generation will live.A. impulse B. initiative C. impact D. icon 23. Early in the 20th century, young people began leaving their _ home

9、s. They left the farms seeking the more exciting life in the cities. A. urban B. ruralC. primitive D. tribal 24. Working in assembly lines in new factories was hard, _ and boring.A. attractive B. glamorous C. meaningful D. tedious 25. For the decades of the fifties and sixties, the suburbs provided

10、some _, such as better schools, lower taxes, and more living space.A. effects B. advantages C. nuisances D. crisis 26. In the era of nanotechnology, invisible devices just atoms wide will perform tasks as mundane as adjusting the lighting in a room- or as _ as hunting down cancer cells.A. nagging B.

11、 adolescent C. eccentric D. vital 27. You do not have to wear a seat belt if you have a _ medical certificate which excuses you from wearing itA. valid B. prehistoric C. injured D. unfavorable 28. Antiques cover a very wide range of articles, often _ by the period in which they were made, such as th

12、e Neo-Classic and Victorian styles.A. substituted B. classified C. reproduced D. straightened 29. It will not _ the drivers to make sure you wear your beltA. be up to B. cater to C. take over D. result from30. When a company is already bankrupt, who would ever _ that you would have thousands of lett

13、ers of encouragement from strangers?A. recall B. magnify C. anticipate D. accompanyPart III. Cloze (10%)Fill in the blanks with the words given. Each word can be used only once.(本題考察學(xué)員對(duì)于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)知，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)篇要求考生能夠從給出的英文單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)囊粋€(gè)完成填空。本題文章來(lái)自本輔導(dǎo)材料。)released power website interview preserve emancipation

14、 slaves former recordings voices At the end of the U.S. Civil War, about 4 million slaves were freed. Now, people around the world can hear some of the 31 slaves stories for the first time ever, as told in their own 32 . Twenty-three recordings of interviews with freed slaves appear on a new governm

15、ent 33 .That was in slavery time, says Charlie Smith in one 34 . They sold the colored people. And they brought them from Africa. They brought me from Africa. I was a child.The Library of Congress 35 The 36 were made between 1932 and 1975. Language and folklore experts and others working to 37 Ameri

16、can history conducted the interviews in nine southern states. Speaking at least 60 years after their emancipation, the storytellers discuss their experiences as 38 . They also tell about their lives as free men and women. Written transcripts are provided to help listeners follow along.Isom Moseley w

17、as just a boy at the time of 39 , but he recalls that things were slow to change. It was a year before the folks knowed they was free, he says.Michael Taft, the head of the librarys archive of folk culture, says the recordings reveal something that written stories cannot. The 40 of hearing someone s

18、peak is so much greater than reading something from the page, Taft says. Its how something is said-the dialect, the low pitches, the pauses-that helps tell the story.Part IV Reading (20%)Section A: Read passage1 and passage 2, and decide whether these 10 statements are True or False. Write T for Tru

19、e and F for False and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. （判斷正誤）Passage IOlympicsAs is known to all, the first modern Olympics were held in 1896. But the history of the Olympics in Greece dates back to much earlier.The first ancient Olympics were held in 776 BC. Thats about 2,700 years ago! The g

20、ames got their name from Olympia, the Greek city where they took place.Like the Summer Olympics of today, the ancient Olympics were held every four years. One of the main features of the ancient Olympics was the Olympic truce. The truce meant that all wars were stopped, so that athletes and spectato

21、rs could compete and travel in peace. Thousands of people from all over the Greek came to watch. During the first Olympics, there was only one competition a 218-yard (200-meter) race. But over time the games grew to include wrestling, chariot racing, boxing, and other sports. Women were not allowed

22、to compete, but they had their own, separate games. The ancient athletes became celebrities, just like today. They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners. City-states even tried to steal away each others athletes by offering them various awards. Unlike todays Olympics, wha

23、t comes as a surprise to many people is the fact that many athletes competed completely naked! The Olympics gathers athletes from around the world. We should pay attention not just to the winners, but to the people who didnt win the gold medal. Think about what it took to get there, the dedication.4

24、1. Men as well as women could compete in the ancient Olympics. 42. People stopped fighting to take part in the games. 43. Most of the athletes came from those cities who won the fights. 44. Many people didnt wear clothes when competing in the ancient Olympics. 45. City-states often provided each oth

25、er with athletes. Passage IIRapid Dino Extinction Theory Gains New SupportNew evidence suggests the reign of the dinosaurs ended not with a whimper, but with a bang. Already, previous geological evidence of an apocalyptic meteor impact in what is now Mexico had led some paleontologists to believe in

26、 a massive extinction event. Now, the discovery of fossilized dinosaurs and eggshells in northeastern Russia supports the theory of a rapid extinction some 66 million years ago.The shells are the first found at such a northerly latitude. The rich biodiversity of these fossils, which indicates that t

27、he dinosaurs werent just visiting but lived in the locale, refutes the competing theory of gradual decline from a variety of factors such as loss of habitat, introduction of predators, and appearance of disease - similar to the circumstances of many amphibians today. This lack of evidence for a long

28、, slow decline is, according to the theory, a positive sign that there was, instead of a decline, a swift extinction.But its hardly conclusive. The odd geographical position of the site makes the fossil find fertile ground for argument on both sides of the rapid extinction debate. Accustomed to livi

29、ng at an average temperature of 50 degrees Fahrenheit, these cold-resistant species would have fared considerably better than tropical dinosaurs if a meteor strike initiated global cooling, for instance; so the rapid extinction theory does not provide a full accounting for their disappearance.Despit

30、e remaining mysteries, this surprising discovery of cold-dwelling dinosaurs who were not just surviving, but flourishing soon before a potential doomsday-meteor impact is making many paleontologists rethink the world of 66 million years ago.46. The discovery of dinosaurs in northeastern Russia suppo

31、rts the theory of a rapid extinction some 66 million years ago. (para.1)47. The theory of gradual decline from a variety of factors such as loss of habitat, introduction of predators, and appearance of disease - similar to the circumstances of many amphibians today is yet to be proved by adequate ev

32、idence. (para.2)48. The northerly latitude of the site is used by both sides of the rapid extinction debate for supporting their own argument. (para.3)49. According to the rapid extinction theory, an apocalyptic meteor impact initiated global cooling, and in turn resulted in a long and slow disappea

33、rance of the dinosaurs.50. Geological evidence and fossil evidence indicate that dinosaurs inhabited in both the tropical and the arctic regions. Section B: Read passage 3 and passage 4, and find the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C or D below each question or statement. Write your

34、answer on the ANSWER SHEET. （多項(xiàng)選擇）Passage IIICreationists Vs. Evolutionists Texas Board of Education members duke it out this week over how evolution will be taught in public schools.Today, scientists and educators across the country are watching Texas. Why? Because the Texas Board of Education begi

35、ns a three-day public testimony today to decide whether the phrase “truths and weaknesses” should be included in the states science standards when discussing evolution. On Friday, the 15-member board will likely vote on whether this language should be included in textbooks, and their decision could

36、sway how evolution is taught in biology classes around the country.Backers of the “truths and weaknesses” language are mostly creationists who believe Darwins theory is wrong and that the world is roughly 10,000 years old. They want teachers to be required to teach that there are weaknesses in evolu

37、tionary theory, and that the fossil record might align more closely with their views. Because the Texas textbook market is so huge, textbook publishers around the country often write to the Lone Star States standards. This means that if the school board votes to include the “truths and weaknesses” l

38、anguage, new textbooks with this language could end up all over the country. And because the board is voting on what their science standard should be for the next decade, their decision will be reflected in the textbooks for a long time.This is the most specific assault Ive seen against evolution an

39、d modern science, Steven Newton, a project director at the National Center for Science Education, told the Wall Street Journal. Last January, the board actually voted to remove “truths and weaknesses” languagewhich had been in textbooks for two decadesfrom the science standards. Since then, the boar

40、d membersparticularly three republicans that voted to remove the languagehave been under fire for their decision. This weeks vote will surely fan the flame, regardless of the outcome. 51. Those who support the use of the “truths and weaknesses” language in textbooks when discussing evolution believe

41、 that .A. there was a designer of the universe. B. Darwins theory is perfect.C. the fossil record is not in agreement with their views.D. biology teachers should be evolutionists. 52. Which of the following might be a result of deciding on including the “truths and weaknesses” language in the textbo

42、oks?A. Textbook publishers around the country will start to write to the Texas States new standards.B. The Texas textbook market will expand enormously.C. This decision will have a pretty long lasting influence on the textbooks.D. New textbooks with this language will be rejected around the country.

43、53. According to the last paragraph, .A. last January the Texas Board of Education decided to stop using the “truths and weaknesses” language in textbooks.B. the board members became very popular after their decision was made.C. the three republicans are most likely to be creationists.D. this weeks

44、vote will be favored by both sides of the Creation vs. Evolution debate. 54. It can be concluded that in wring this report the writer is .A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. humorousD. optimistic55. Based on the context, what is the meaning of the expression “fan the flame” in the last line?A. “cause more a

45、ssaults against the board members”.B. “attract more attention to the board members”.C. “burn the textbooks without the truths and weaknesses language”.D. stir up more scientists and educators.Passage Cheer Up!Overall, how would you say things are these days? Would you say that you are very happy, pr

46、etty happy, or not too happy?This is the question participants in the University of Chicagos General Social Survey have been answering since 1972. Recently, University of Pennsylvania economists Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers took this surveys data from 1972 through 2006 to see if people had go

47、tten happier since the decade of bell bottoms and disco.What they found was that, as a whole, we have not gotten any more cheery. However, the gap between those who are very happy and those who are not too happy has narrowed significantly. The U.S. population as a whole is not getting happier, Steve

48、nson said. For every unhappy person who became happier, theres someone on the other side coming down.56% of participants chose pretty happy in 2006, versus only 46% in 1972. But, the number of people who feel very happy has dropped, while the number of people who self-identify as not too happy has i

49、ncreasedin relatively equal amounts.When characterized by race, whites were less happy than they were in 70s, while non-whites were happier. When divided into genders, the researchers found that women have gotten less happy, while men have bigger smiles on their faces. Womens libis it not so gloriou

50、s after all? Has digital cable and the option for multiple sports channels cheered up the menfolk? The explanation is unclear, but certainly more complicated than that. The outlier in the study was found in the education category. Those with a college degree or above were happier than their groovy c

51、ounterparts, while those who did not have a high school diploma were far more bummin than their equivalents were thirty years ago.Because this trend differs from the trends being observed in income, consumption, and leisure time (where the gaps are all increasing), Stevenson and Wolfers say that the

52、 cause for the narrowing happiness gap is probably not money. A useful explanation is yet to come, but in the meantime, get happy, people! Even if you miss Led Zeppelin and unruly hair, at least Nixons not President.56. In paragraph 2, “the decade of bell bottoms and disco” refers to .A. 1960sB. 197

53、0sC. 1980sD. 1990s57. According Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers study of the data of University of Chicagos General Social Survey (paragraph 3), .A. most of the Americans are becoming more and more happy since 1972.B. in 2006 the number of unhappy people has significantly increased.C. the number

54、 of happier people counteracted (抵銷) the number unhappier people.D. there is a growing difference between those who are very happy and those who are not too happy.58. According to the article, why are Menfolks happier? A. Because of womens liberation movement.B. Because of more sports channels.C. Be

55、cause of their brighter smile.D. There are no definite findings yet.59. The word “outlier” in the last paragraph but one means .A. A value far from most others in a set of data. B. people who lie outside.C. laymen.D. Outstanding people.60. In the last sentence, “at least Nixons not President” implies that A. Nixons being president was an unhappy factor.B. Nixons being president was an happy factor.C. Nixons hair was not unruly.D. People now miss Nixon a lot.Part V. Translation (20%)61.