英語句式句型專題講練

1、英語句式句型專題講練 （一）按使用目的可分 陳述句、祈使句、疑問句和感嘆句。1） 陳述句（Declarative Sentences）：說明一個事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比聲速度快。（說明事實(shí)） The film is rather boring.這部電影很乏味。 （說明看法）這里我們側(cè)重講述否定句一.概念 否定句指否定陳述句的句子。二.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講 1.用not構(gòu)成的否定句：主語+助動詞/ be/情態(tài)動詞 + not+ 例句：（判斷劃線部分為助動詞、BE動詞、情態(tài)動詞）He is not back yet._It is not

2、true._We havent forgotten you._You shouldnt be so silly._We havent been invited yet._Money could not buy happiness._I like the salad, but I dont like this soup._You didnt understand what I said, did you? _You neednt try to explain._I didnt use to like opera, but now Im getting interested._I usednt t

3、o like opera, but now Im getting interested._2.祈使句的否定句：Dont + 動詞原形。例句：Dont worry. Ill look after you.Dont believe a word he says.Dont be so rude.3. 非謂語動詞（不定式，分詞，動名詞）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。Its important not to worry.He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.Not knowing what to do, Shel

4、ly asked advice of her friend.He reproached me for not having told it to him. 4. not與除謂語以外的其他句子成分連用：Come early, but not before six.Its working, but not properly.I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.not用在I hope; I believe; Im afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，構(gòu)成省略句。注意：I

5、think so, I dont think so. 這種說法。Will it snow today ?I hope not.5. 用no構(gòu)成否定句：no+名詞（單，復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)）相當(dāng)于not+ a +名詞/ not + any +名詞No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.Take that tow

6、el, I have no other.I can walk no farther.There is no knowing what will happen.6. 某些否定副詞或代詞：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中構(gòu)成否定句：I can seldom find time for reading.Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.The rumor came from nowhere.None but fools have eve

7、r believed it.7. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移：當(dāng)think; believe; suppose; imagine等動詞引導(dǎo)否定意義的賓語從句時，且句子主語為第一人稱時，把從句中的not提到主句這些動詞前面，是主句變成否定句：I dont think shes at home, but Ill go and see.I dont imagine that hell enjoy it.8. 否定式疑問句： Doesnt she understand ?Havent you booked your holiday yet?部分否定：注意部分否定的結(jié)構(gòu)：Not all= AllnotNot both=

8、BothnotNot every= EverynotI dont remember all the names.All is not gold that glitters.It is not found everywhere.Not everyone likes this film.9. 用否定形式表示肯定的意義：注意這些句型：cannottoo. / cannot more: 越就越好； You cannot be too careful.A man can never have too many friends.三.鞏固練習(xí)1. Such a sudden turn in the road

9、 is too difficult for the new driver, isnt it?_. Hes dealt with all kinds of troublesome situations before.A. No, it isnt B. Yes, it is C. No, he isnt D. Yes, he is2. Arent you feeling tired? _, I am rather.A. Yes B. No C. Not at all D. Never3. She isnt a dancing teacher, is she?_.A. Yes, she isnt B

10、. No, she isC. Yes, she wasnt D. No, but she was.4. Will you go shopping with us this afternoon?_but Ive got quite a lot of homework to do.A. of course B. Id like to C. Thats all right D. No, I wont5. If our parents would listen more to us, they would understand us better._. They just expect us to l

11、isten.A. I believe not B. No problem C. Good idea D. I cant agree more6. Did you enjoy the trip?Im afraid not. And _.A. my classmates cant either. B. my classmates dont too.C. neither do my classmates D. neither did my classmates7. Try to retell the story in your own words. _ afraid to make mistakes

12、.A. Not to be B. Dont C. No be D. Dont be2） 疑問句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出問題。有以下四種： a.一般疑問句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時完成工作嗎？ b.特殊疑問句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live?你住那兒？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.選擇疑問句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or c

13、offee? 你是要茶還是要咖啡？ d.反意疑問句（Tag-Questions）：這里我們測重講解反意疑問句1)陳述部分的主語是I，疑問部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may +主語。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定含義。The Swede made no answer, di

14、d he / she?Some plants never blossom (開花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主語。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問部分常用dont +主語（didnt +主語）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陳述部分的謂語是used to 時，疑問部分用didn

15、t +主語或 usednt +主語。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldnt +主語。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陳述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldnt +主語。Y

16、oud like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句，疑問部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。What colors, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12)陳述部分由neither nor,

17、 either or 連接的并列主語時，疑問部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陳述部分為主語從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問部分有三種情況：a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in Chin

18、a now, shouldnt he?b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c.主句主語是第一人稱，謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant sh

19、e?15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時也用單數(shù)he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 帶情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。We need not do it again, need we?He dare not say so, dare he? 當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動

20、詞時，疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you?注意： Lets 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?1

21、8)陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?20)must在表推測時，根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。 He must be there now, isnt he? It must be

22、going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 快速記憶表陳述部分的謂語 疑問部分 I arent I？ Wishmay +主語？ no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含義rarely, little等否定含義的詞 ought to（肯定的） shouldnt/ oughtnt +主語 have to+v.(had to+v.)dont +主語(didnt +主語) used to didnt +主語或 usednt +主語 had better + v.hadnt youwould rather + v.wouldn

23、t +主語youd like to + v. wouldnt +主語must 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定感嘆句中 be +主語Neithernor,eitheror 連接的根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定并列主語 指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that,主語用itnothing, this 并列復(fù)合句謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定 定語從句,賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語而定 I think, believe, expect,suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo) 與賓語從句相對應(yīng)的從句 everybody, anyone,somebody, nobody, no one復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he 情態(tài)

24、動詞dare或need need (dare ) +主語？dare, need 為實(shí)義動詞 do +主語？ 省去主語的祈使句 will you？Lets 開頭的祈使句 Shall we?Let us 開頭的祈使句Will you? there be相應(yīng)的謂語動詞+there(省略主語代詞）否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式must表推測根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句注意：怎樣回答反意疑問句？ Its very cold today, isnt it? 你該怎么回答呢？ 首先，我們來回顧一下怎樣回答一般疑問句。Are you on-line now? (你在上網(wǎng)嗎？)當(dāng)然啦，你的回答應(yīng)該是肯

25、定的。否則就不會看到這篇文章了?；卮饝?yīng)該是：Yes, I am. 你正在看電視嗎？Are you watching TV now? 肯定沒有啦，你就應(yīng)該說：No, Im not.現(xiàn)在你可以總結(jié)出來，該怎么回答一般疑問句了吧？！對，就是根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答，Yes, I do. 或者 No, I dont. 反意疑問句的回答法跟一般疑問句的回答方式完全一樣。例如： She is good at English, isnt she? 回答可以是：Yes, she is. 或者No, she isnt. 注意，回答一定要和實(shí)際情況相符合，“是”就“是”，“不是”就“不是”。也就是說回答反意疑問句要遵循“

26、實(shí)事求是”的原則，肯定的答案就用yes肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；否定的答案就用no否定結(jié)構(gòu)。答案要和實(shí)際情況相符。 那怎樣回答There is a computer in your room, isnt there? 這個句子呢？你房間里確實(shí)有臺電腦，那么回答就是：Yes, there is. 不過，我們現(xiàn)在只練習(xí)了一種反意疑問句，即：前一部分為肯定式，后一部分是否定式。 反意疑問句還有一種形式，就是：前一部分是否定式，后一部分是肯定式。There isnt a computer in your room, is there? “你的房間里沒有電腦，對嗎？”你該怎么回答呢？ 根據(jù)中國人的思維，反應(yīng)在你腦海中的

27、肯定是，“不對，我房間里有電腦?！?便順口回答道：No, there is. 這樣，可就大錯特錯了。因?yàn)槟氵`背了 “事實(shí)求是”的原則：肯定的答案就用yes肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；否定的答案就用no否定結(jié)構(gòu)。所以剛剛那句話的回答應(yīng)該是：Yes, there is. 總之，回答反意疑問句就得記住一點(diǎn)：實(shí)事求是。記住了？不管是做人還是回答反意疑問句都是一樣的。OK. You dont have any questions, do you? 你怎么回答呢？希望是-No, I dont. 三.鞏固練習(xí) 1. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont weB. will we

28、C. dont weD. shall we2. Frank is working late again. This is the first time this week hes had to study late, _?A. isnt heB. hasnt itC. hasnt heD. isnt it3. Daddys forgot to post the letter again, _ he? Im afraid he _. A. has; hasB. isnt; isC. hasnt; hasD. has; hasnt4. Sorry, Im not feeling well and

29、I dont think I can finish.Dont worry. Let us do it for you, _? A. will youB. shall weC. shant weD. shall you5. I dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _?A. do IB. could heC. did heD. has he6. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night, _?A. hasnt itB. didnt itC. mustnt

30、 itD. isnt it7. Jenny doesnt think that Robert is honest, _? Im afraid not.A. is heB. isnt heC. does sheD. doesnt she8. The new windows need washing. Well, lets wash them together, _?A. shall weB. will youC. should weD. would you9. There is little we can do about it, _?A. is thereB. cant weC. isnt t

31、hereD. can we10. The problem wasnt difficult for him, was it ? _. He should have been given a more difficult one.A. No, it wasB. Yes, it wasC. Yes, it wasnt D. No, it wasnt 3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出請求，建議或發(fā)出命令，例如：一.概念 祈使句用以表達(dá)命令，要求，請求，勸告等。二.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講1.祈使句有三種類型，一種是以動詞原形開頭，（但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子）。例如： Take

32、 this seat. 坐這兒。 Do be careful. 務(wù)必小心。 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：例如： Dont move. 不準(zhǔn)動。 Dont be late. 不要遲到。2.以let開頭的祈使句 Let 的反意疑問句： a. Lets 包括說話者。例如： Lets have another try, shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try? 我們再試一次，如何？ b. Let us 不包括說話者。例如： Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us

33、have another try? 你讓我們再試一次，好嗎？ 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：例如： Lets not talk of that matter. 不要談這件事。 Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要讓我們談這件事。 3.有主語的祈使句 2003年高考英語試卷上有這樣一道單項(xiàng)填空題:-Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to.-Dont call me Joe. Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont我們知道,祈使句的主語通常就是說話的對方,即第二人稱

34、you,一般不表示出來,但在有些情況下,祈使句也可帶主語。一、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)指明向誰提出要求或發(fā)出命令時。例如:You go with me. 你跟我去。You tell him what I said. 你把我說的話告訴他。You take that seat. 你坐在那個座位上。二、表達(dá)氣憤;不滿;厭煩;急躁等情緒時。例如:You get out of here! 你給我滾出這兒!You mind your own business! 你少管閑事!You take your hands off me! 你把手拿開,別碰我!三、表示對照或區(qū)別不同的說話對象時。例如:Helen, you clean

35、 the window, and Paul, you sweep the floor. 海倫,你擦窗子;保羅,你掃地。You come here, Jack, and you go there, Mary. 杰克你到這邊來,瑪麗你到那邊去。You ask the first question and I ask the second one. 你問第一個問題,我問第二個問題。四、當(dāng)祈使句中有in, out, away, up, off等作狀語的副詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)這些狀語而把它們置于句首時。例如:Out you come! 你出來!Away you go! 你走吧!Up you stand! 你站起來!

36、五、祈使句以dont開頭,表示關(guān)照或警告對方時。例如:Dont you be late again! 你別再遲到了。Dont you ever forget this lesson! 你一定不要忘記了這次教訓(xùn)!六、祈使句的主語也可以是第三人稱。例如:Everybody stand up! 大家都站起來!Jack stand there. 杰克站到那邊去。Someone open the door. 誰去把門打開。4） 感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒，例如： What good news it is!多好的消息?。∫?概念 感嘆句通常有wh

37、at, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情二. 相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講1.How +形容詞+ a +名詞+ 陳述語序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！2.How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛頭真可愛！3.What +名詞+陳述語序。例如：What noise they are making! 他們真吵！4.What +a+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！5.What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What wonderful ide

38、as （we have）! 我們的主意真棒！6.What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！7. What a clever boy he is! 的省略形式為：What a clever boy! 典型例題1）_ food youve cooked!A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How nice D. What nice2）_terrible weather weve been having these days!A. What B. What aC. How D. How a3) - _ I ha

39、d!- You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What time C. How a timeD. How time（二）句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類：(1)簡單句 七種基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下七種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來的：1）主 + 動（SV）例如：I work.我工作。2）主 + 動 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.約翰忙。3）主 + 動 + 賓（SVO）例如：She studies English.她學(xué)英語。4）主 + 動 + 賓 + 補(bǔ)（SVOC

40、）例如：Time would prove me right. 時間會證明我是對的。5）主 + 動 + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。6）主 + 動 + 狀（SVA）The train leaves at ten. The book translates well.7）主 + 動 + 賓 + 狀（SVOA）He put the vase on the table. They treated him kindly.(2)并列句 并列句分為:聯(lián)合并列句,轉(zhuǎn)折并列句,選擇并列句和因果并列句聯(lián)合并列句常由并列詞a

41、nd, not onlybut also.等連接如: Use your hand, and youll find a way.轉(zhuǎn)折并列句常由并列連詞but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等連接如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.選擇并列句常由并列連詞or, otherwise, eitheror,等連接如:Either you leave this house or Ill call the

42、police因果并列句由并列連詞so, for, therefore 等連接.如: it was late, so we went home.在”祈使句+and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 當(dāng)前后兩部分間為承接關(guān)系時, 用and; 前后意思為相反關(guān)系時,用or.可將前面的祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換成由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,但必須將and 或or 去掉.如: Hurry up, and well be there in time.= If we hurry up, well be there in time.because和so; although, though和but 不能連用三.鞏固練習(xí)1. I dont

43、suppose anyone will volunteer, ? A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 2. _ help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. Lucy, you wash the dishes, _ ? Mom, cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it. A. dont you B. can you C. shal

44、l you D. will you4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. _ it rains later on in the day? A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. You ought to stay up late tonight, _ you? Yes. Ive got too much homework. A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart

45、 and soul, _? A. can it B. cant it C. can they D. cant they7. There used to be a church in the small town, _? A. used thereB. usednt there C. used it D. usednt it8. She isnt your neighbor, is she? _. A. Yes, she isntB. No, she is C. Yes, she is D. No, isnt she9. _ to be a PLA soldier when I was youn

46、g. And now you are. A. How I wantedB. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _was very reasonable. A. which priceB. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she us

47、ed to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who12. _is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why14. Information has been pu

48、t forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 15. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what 16. The students of the music school study _. A. music but also s

49、ome other subjects B. some other subjects as well as music C. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subjects and music17. _ air is to man, so is water to fish. A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As 18. There is plenty of rain in the south _ there is little in the north. A. while B. as C. when

50、D. so 19. _ several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being askedB. Having been asked C. He would ask D. He had been asked 20. I dont like chicken _ fish. I dont like chicken, _I like fish very much. A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and21. _ the days went on, the situation there got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 22. _ everybody is here, lets set out right away. A. Now that B. Because C. For D. After 23. The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. A. to which