大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試閱讀輔導(dǎo)筆記分析

1、大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試閱讀輔導(dǎo)筆記分析(1) CET考試網(wǎng) 更新：2010-7-25 編輯：小麥thea按照內(nèi)容分為兩類：一、文科文章兩點(diǎn)注意：1.文章態(tài)度2.抓住文章主題1）把握主題后不會(huì)偏差理解2）與主題相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)為優(yōu)選選項(xiàng)二、理科文章1.試驗(yàn)型（StudyExperimentResearchTest）2.科技成果型（e.g. Artificial Heart）3.現(xiàn)象解釋型三、按照體裁分為三類：一、 說明文 1.抓住說明對(duì)象 2.重要數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)二、 議論文 屬于文科類文章三、 記敘文四、閱讀中難點(diǎn)句型：一、 多重復(fù)合句-關(guān)鍵抓住主句主干成分二、 多重并列句-兩個(gè)主句并列在一起，而非主句從句嵌套在

2、一起三、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句-被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為主語、賓語、狀語 It is that四、 被動(dòng)句-基本結(jié)構(gòu) A is done by B五、 倒裝句-否定詞 hardly, rarely, seldom, never, not until, not only 引起句子倒裝六、 省略句-e.g. He is a good man, so am I.五、建議采用的閱讀方法：一、掃描題干，大致了解題目類型及分布，將其中細(xì)節(jié)題題干關(guān)鍵詞劃出。二、速讀原文，遇到題干關(guān)鍵詞或其同義詞時(shí)做適當(dāng)標(biāo)記；關(guān)注考試原則句。考試原則句：重要句（各段首句，文章末句，結(jié)論、解釋句），轉(zhuǎn)折句，條件句，因果關(guān)系句，復(fù)合句等難句（多重復(fù)合、多

3、重并列、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句），時(shí)間，數(shù)字，人名，比較。三、定位答案，正確選項(xiàng)為文章對(duì)應(yīng)語句的同義改寫。六、題型攻略：一、主題題 (main idea/ mainly/ mainly discuss/mainly concerned/ central/ primary)兩種變體：1.寫作目的題型 purpose of writing2.文章標(biāo)題題型 the best title做題方法：1.找主題句2.找主體詞（通常在文章中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，往往會(huì)在第一段出現(xiàn)，且?guī)в懈爬ㄐ缘脑~語）二、細(xì)節(jié)題類型：1.對(duì)錯(cuò)題 2.例證題 3.一般細(xì)節(jié)題做題方法：準(zhǔn)確定位三、詞匯題類型：1.指代題 2.詞義題做題方法：1.

4、根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系2.構(gòu)詞法（詞根詞綴）st（位置不變）:stay-stand-stationary-street-star-statue-statuspose（放置）:position-expose (ex向外: exit-export)propose (pro向前)suppose (sup/sub在下面: subway-submarine)depose (de否定)deposit (de向下)interpose (inter: internet, international)七、背單詞方法1. 詞根詞綴2. 閱讀記憶3. 聯(lián)想記憶如：handsome（其中：h很，s帥，m嘛英俊的）morose

5、（mo沒有，rose玫瑰郁悶的）ancillary（an + cillary希拉里輔助的）4. 推理題 (infer-imply-suggest-indicate-conclude)正確答案特點(diǎn)：文章對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容的同義改寫八、作者態(tài)度題 (attitude-be seen as)做題方法：1.找作者直接評(píng)價(jià)語句2.找表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞 Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:21. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.A) f

6、or oceanographic studiesB) for military purposesC) for business considerationsD) for investigating the depths of the oceans22. It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travellersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the comp

7、any which proposed to lay an undersea cable23. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _.A) to make some sound experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeD) to measure the depths of two oceans24. 'Def

8、ied' in the 5th paragraph probably means _A) 'doubted' B) 'gave proof to'C) 'challenged' D) 'agreed to'25. This passage is mainly about _A) the beginnings of oceanographyB) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depthsD) the early inte

9、rcontinental communicationsQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Oceanography has been defined as 'The application of all sciences to the study of the sea'.注：1.Oceanography 由 Ocean (海洋) 和 graphy (學(xué)科)組成，意為“海洋學(xué)”2.application 表示“申請(qǐng)”用介詞for,表示“應(yīng)用”用介詞to3.第一句給某個(gè)東西下定義，稱為篇章定義，必為文章主題Be

10、fore the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant (不愿意) to go to sea to further his work.注：1.第二段：在十九世紀(jì)之前，對(duì)海洋感興趣的科學(xué)家很少，可以推斷本文根據(jù)時(shí)間順序來描述海洋學(xué)發(fā)展的過程2.further 跟在 to 后面

11、是個(gè)動(dòng)詞，表示“推進(jìn)”For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question 'What is a

12、t the bottom of the oceans?' had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形狀) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.注：1. remote 遙遠(yuǎn)

13、的2. and with.多重復(fù)合句3. intercontinental 洲際的 （Inter 在之間，continent 大洲）4. let alone 更不用說5. first time 由不感興趣轉(zhuǎn)折到感興趣 ，謂語是 was6. 第二句that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，when引導(dǎo)表語從句，整句意思為“當(dāng)有人基于商業(yè)目的建議在美國和歐洲之間鋪設(shè)電報(bào)電纜的時(shí)候，人們才提出問題：海底是什么？”7.route 路線 router 路由器It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853,

14、 for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (測(cè)深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of

15、 the Sea.注：1. it was .that.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型2. turn to sb. for sth. 向某人請(qǐng)教某事3. 出現(xiàn)問題中劃線詞：Maury,1840s3. investigate 調(diào)查， 測(cè)量The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in

16、 living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.注：1.not until 引導(dǎo)的句子要倒裝2.living growth 生物3.a fact 作同位語4.contemporary 當(dāng)代的5.defy 前后意思相反，可以推出24題答案為C24. 'Defied' in the 5th paragraph probably means _A) 'doubted' B)

17、 'gave proof to'C) 'challenged' D) 'agreed to'注：詞匯題。定位倒數(shù)第二段Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupi

18、ed scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.注：oceanography 最末一段與第一段首句都出現(xiàn) oceanagraphy, 回環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)。21. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.A) for oceanographic studiesB) for military purposesC) for business considerationsD) fo

19、r investigating the depths of the oceans注：推理題。定位第三段,倒數(shù)第三行。選項(xiàng) D 的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在第四段，為竄段選項(xiàng)For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay b

20、eneath the surface. The first time that the question 'What is at the bottom of the oceans?' had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形狀) of the route to esti

21、mate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.22. It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travellersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable注：細(xì)節(jié)題。定位第四段,選項(xiàng) B和C是竄段選項(xiàng)It w

22、as to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (測(cè)深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of h

23、is findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.23. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _.A) to make some sound experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeD) to

24、 measure the depths of two oceans注：1.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位第四段，第二行。2.B 和 C 是竄段選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)中的sound和文章中的sounding含義不同。It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (測(cè)深

25、) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.24. 'Defied' in the 5th paragraph probably means _A) 'doubted' B) 'gave proof to'C) 'ch

26、allenged' D) 'agreed to'注：詞匯題。定位倒數(shù)第二段,defy 前后意思相反，可以推出24題答案為C25. This passage is mainly about _A) the beginnings of oceanographyB) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depthsD) the early intercontinental communications注：主題題。主題關(guān)鍵詞為oceanography Questions 1 to

27、 5 are based on the following passage.1. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _.A) relationships between causes and resultsB) classification of reasoningC) some other common types of reasoningD) some special type of reasoning2. According to the passage, to do the

28、"effect to effect" reasoning is to reason _.A) from cause to effectB) from effect to causeC) from effect to effect and on to causeD) from effect to cause and on to another effect3. A necessary cause is _.A) one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurB) one of the causes that

29、 can produce the effectC) one that is enough to make the effect occurD) none of them4. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has been cut off.The power failure is a _.A) necessary cause B) sufficient causeC) contributory cause D) none of them5. This passage main

30、ly discusses _.A) causal reasoning B) classification of causeC) various types of reasoning D) the causal processQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, w

31、hat cause malnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage (污水、污物）in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?注：1.reasoning 推理2.

32、第一句 Another.下結(jié)論，是主題句3.第二、三句 We want to .an examination?是舉例,可以略讀4.malnutrition 中“mal”是表示“不好”的前綴；overnutrition 營養(yǎng)過剩Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause an

33、d then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won't work we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect. This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect. It is q

34、uite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out-power off-refrigerator not working -temperature will rise-milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose （判定）a succession of effects from the power fail

35、ure, each becoming the cause of the next.注：1.causal 原因的，因果關(guān)系的2.三種推理方式：從原因到結(jié)果、從結(jié)果到原因、從結(jié)果到原因再到另一個(gè)結(jié)果，第三種更重要3.extensive 廣泛的，來自extend延伸 extensive reading 泛讀4.In other words 換而言之 a succession of 一系列5.本段講關(guān)系鏈Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory（起輔助作用的）. A necessary cause is one wh

36、ich must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion (燃燒)，is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided (獨(dú)自的), though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plu

37、gs（火花塞）or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors - pedestrians (行人) or other cars in the intersection-must also be present.注：

38、intersection 交叉路口 inter+sectionIn establishing or refuting (駁斥，反斥) a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged (所宣稱的，所指稱的) cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.注：在證實(shí)或駁斥因果關(guān)系需要把推理過程顯示出來，如燈滅了，牛奶變酸：燈滅了-停電-冰箱不工作-溫度上升-牛奶變酸1. What

39、the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _.A) relationships between causes and resultsB) classification of reasoningC) some other common types of reasoningD) some special type of reasoning注：文章之前的段落內(nèi)容=首句+結(jié)構(gòu)提示詞，one-the other/some-anotherAnother common type of reasoning is th

40、e search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what cause malnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage (污水、

41、污物）in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?2. According to the passage, to do the "effect to effect" reasoning is to reasonA) from cause to effectB) from effect to causeC) from effect to effect and on to causeD) from effect to cause and on to another ef

42、fect3. A necessary cause is _.A) one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurB) one of the causes that can produce the effectC) one that is enough to make the effect occurD) none of them注：第三段，A選項(xiàng)是必須在場(chǎng)的相同意思的改寫。B選項(xiàng)是原因之一，sufficient cause，C選項(xiàng)沒有 "必須"含義。Causes are classified as nec

43、essary, sufficient, or contributory（起輔助作用的）. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion (燃燒)，is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided (獨(dú)自的), though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a

44、dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plugs（火花塞）or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors - pe

45、destrians (行人) or other cars in the intersection-must also be present.4. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has been cut off.The power failure is a _.A) necessary cause B) sufficient causeC) contributory cause D) none of them注：斷電不是冰箱不工作的必要原因，而是原因之一，冰箱壞了也可以導(dǎo)致冰

46、箱不工作。Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory（起輔助作用的）. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion (燃燒)，is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided (獨(dú)自的), though there may be m

47、ore than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plugs（火花塞）or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may help cause an ac

48、cident, though other factors - pedestrians (行人) or other cars in the intersection-must also be present.5. This passage mainly discusses _.A) causal reasoning B) classification of causeC) various types of reasoningD) the causal process注：主題。文中只提到因果關(guān)系推理的幾種操作方法Another common type of reasoning is the sea

49、rch for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what cause malnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage (污水、污物）in

50、 rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:6. The author's purpose writing this passage is to tell _.A) readers how to be popular in with aroundB) teen-agers how to learn to decide things for themselvesC) parent

51、s how to control and guide their childrenD) people how to understand and respect each other7. According to the author, many teen-agers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but, in fact, most of them _.A) have much difficulty understanding each otherB) lack confidenceC) dare not cope with

52、 problems single-handedD) are very much afraid of getting lost8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A) There is no popularity that really counts.B) What many parents are doing is in fact hindering their children from finding their own paths.C) It is not necessarily bad for a

53、 teen-ager to disagree with his or her classmates.D) Most teen-agers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actually doing the same.9. The author thinks of advertisements as _.A) convincing B) influentialC) instructive D) authoritative10. During the teen-age years, one should lea

54、rn to _.A) differ from others in as many ways as possibleB) get into the right season and become popularC) find one's real selfD) rebel against parents and the popularity wavesI hear many parents complaining that their teen-age children are rebelling, I wish it were so. At your age you ought to

55、be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are

56、clutching at（attempting to seize） one another's hands for reassurance.注：1.rebel 背叛、反叛2.從第一句話看出本文是文科文章，所以從態(tài)度著手，I wish it were so 說明作者是負(fù)態(tài)度。3.should 虛擬語氣，表示負(fù)態(tài)度4.reassurance=re+assure-ance 使確信；boldly 勇敢的；strike out 開辟They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up crowded round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of t