版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
1、 Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though
2、not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins,sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University ofCalifornia and Yale Unive
3、rsity in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects which_(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and
4、160;unrelated strangers. The same people were usedin both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professorof medical genetics at UC San
5、0;Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourthcousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for sme
6、ll were something shared in friendsbut not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficultto explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it d
7、raws us to similar environmentsbut there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that_(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” ofbei
8、ng friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution
9、picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being amajor_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds, say the
10、160;researchers. Though all the subjects were drawnfrom a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects,friends and strangers, were taken from the sam
11、e population.1. A when B why C how D what【答案】D what【解析】該題考查的是語法知識。根據句子結構和選項的特點,可以判斷出空格處應填從屬連詞引導從句;再根據句子的內容,可以看出該從句是一項研究的相關內容(what),不是指研究的時間(when), 原因(why)和方式(how),因此,該題的答案為 what。2. A defended B concluded C with
12、drawn D advised【答案】B concluded【解析】從此題所在的句子的前后內容可以判斷出,that is_ 中的 that 是指第一句話的內容(朋友與我們基因上的相關性),很顯然是研究得出的結論。因此,答案為concluded。3. A for B with C on D by【答案】C on【解析】根據空格所在句子的內容(研究對 1932 分獨特的受試者進行分析)判斷出進行分析的對象是 1
13、932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on是固定表達。4. A compared B sought C separated D connected【答案】A compared【解析】該空格所在的句子是 which 引導的定語從句修飾 study,意思是:對幾對基因不相關的朋友和陌生人進行_。因為“研究”的內容是關于朋友間基因上的相關性問題,所以完整的意思應該是:對幾對基因不相關的朋友和陌生人進行比較。
14、所以最佳答案為compared。5. A tests B objects Csamples D examples【答案】C samples【解析】根據空格的前后內容判斷,到第五個空為止,文章都在講實驗過程,和實驗對象,第五個空格所在句子的內容是:相同的人們都用于實驗中的這兩類_。所以根據上下文語境和內容,應該選與實驗對象相對應的 samples(樣例).因此,答案是 samples。6. A insignificant B unexpected
15、Cunbelievable D incredible【答案】A insignificant【解析】空的語境為:盡管這 1%看起來似乎_,但是遺傳學家可不這么認為。空前后形成對比轉折的邏輯關系,而從后文列舉的例子中可知遺傳學家 James Fowler 對這 1%基因的態(tài)度是肯定的,故答案為 A。 7. A visit B miss C seek D know【答案】D know【解析】空的語境為:大多數人甚至不_他們
16、隔三代的表親,但卻設法選擇那些_我們親戚的人作為朋友。填入的詞必須滿足前后句之間的轉折邏輯關系,四個選項帶入,只有 D 選項符合上下文語義。8. A resemble B influence C favor D surpass【答案】A resemble【解析】空的語境為:大多數人甚至不認識他們隔三代的表親,但卻設法選擇那些_我們親戚的人作為朋友。根據全文中心:基因上的相似性,可知本題選擇 A。9. A again B also
17、0;C instead D thus【答案】B also【解析】空所在的句子開頭用“The study”,顯然這是對上文話題的繼續(xù)闡述,前文指出研究發(fā)現朋友與我們有 1%的基因關系,而空所在句“the genes for smell weresomething shared in friends”在進一步詳細討論該話題,前后之間是順接關系,故答案為 B。10. A Meanwhile B Furthermore
18、60;C Likewise D Perhaps【答案】D Perhaps【解析】從選項和文字中句子結構可以判斷,空格處要求填入一個能夠體現前后兩個句子邏輯關系的副詞,空前的句子談到“為什么在嗅覺基因方面存在相似性還很難解釋”,空后卻緊接著對此得出一個相關結論,很明顯是矛盾的,所以此結論只能是一種不確定的推測,故答案為 D。11. A about B to Cfrom Dlike【答案】B to【解析】該題為介詞選擇題。后半句出現比較級,可見是和前文形成比較關系,因此和上半句介
19、詞保持一致,用介詞 to。該句翻譯:它(這種相似性)吸引我們到相同的環(huán)境,并且使我們更為相似。因此答案為 to。12. A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit【答案】A drive【解析】該句意思為:很多機制共同作用,從而_我們選擇基因相似的朋友,_和_交朋友的“功能關系”。根據上下文可知,此處所填入動詞需符合結構_sb. indoing sth,B 選項 observe(觀察,遵守)和 C 選項
20、;confuse(困惑)均無此用法。符合該結構只有 A 選項 drive(驅使)和 D 選項 limit(限制)。根據上下文可得知:這些機制驅使我們選擇基因相似的朋友,符合文章主題。如果選限制則為反向干擾。因此答案為 drive。13. A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with【答案】B rather than【解
21、析】所填詞為邏輯關系短語,空前說選擇基因相似的朋友,空后說具有“實用關系”的朋友,可知前后為對立關系,并且根據文章主題,可知肯定前者而否定后者,可鎖定 B選項 rather than。A 選項 according to(根據)沒有體現出對立及取舍關系,因此排除;C選項 regardless of(不管)表讓步關系,干擾性較強,但文章更強調取前舍后,因此排除;D選項 along with(伴隨)表順接,故排除。故答案為 rather than。 14. A
22、chances Bresponses Cmissions Dbenefits【答案】D benefits【解析】根據前文 functional kinship(實用關系)可得出 D 選項 benefits(利益),前后形成呼應。A 選項 chances(機會)、B 選項 responses(反應)、C 選項 missions(使命)均不符合題意。故答案為 benefits。15. A later Bslow
23、er C faster D earlier【答案】C faster【解析】該句為:evolving _ than other genes(比其他基因進化得_). 根據同詞復現,我們找到該段第二句話中:human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000years(人類進化在過去 30000 年間提速)。C 選項 faster 與下文
24、60;picked pace(加速)形成呼應,故答案為 faster。16. Aforecast Bremember Cunderstand Dexpress【答案】C understand【解析】此題考查動詞。根據語意??崭窈竺媸且粋€ why 引導的賓語從句,意為“人類進化在過去三萬年間得以加速的原因”,表示這一研究的結果和意義。能與這一賓語從句構成搭配的只有 C 選項 understand。A 選項 forecast“預測”與“過去三萬年”相矛盾,B選
25、項 remember“記住”和 D 選項“express”均不符合文意。17. A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllable D disruptive【答案】B contributory【解析】此空需要填入一個形容詞,表達社會環(huán)境對人類進步所起到的作用。help,pickpace 這兩個詞表達的都是積極的含義,因此此處需要填入一個帶有褒義的感情色彩的詞,因此排除 A 選項“不可預測的”和 D
26、選項“破壞性的”; B 而 C 選項“可控的”,與語意無關;因此正確答案為 B 選項 contributory“促進的”。18. A endeavor Bdecision Carrangement D tendency【答案】D tendency【解析】此處進一步陳述這一研究的結論。A 選項 endeavor“努力”,B 選項“決定”,C 選項“安排”,D 選項“傾向”。本文的主旨重在解釋人們在交朋友的不自
27、覺的一種傾向,而非通過人為的有意識的舉動來選擇朋友。因此正確答案為 D。19. A political B religious C ethnic D economic【答案】C ethnic【解析】結合文意,人們普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。C 選項 ethnic 意為“種族的,民族的”,是對上文中多次重復出現的 genes,以及下文的 the same population 的同義復現。因此正確答案為 C
28、。 A 選項 political“政治的”, B 選項“宗教的”,D 選項“經濟的”均不符合原文文意。 20. A see B show C prove D tell【答案】A see【解析】此處考察動詞,動詞勢必要看前后搭配。see that 構成固定詞組,意為“務必使”,符合文意,即:即使所有的受訪者都擁有歐洲血統(tǒng),(研究者們)仍然悉心確保所有的受訪者、朋友和陌生人都來自于同一群種。選項 B“展示”,選項
29、0;C“證明”,選項 D“辨別”均無此含義,且不符合文意。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your
30、;answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate, they dare intheir sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity
31、 of the republican leftin the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its
32、160;last days? Does thatmean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificentuniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both
33、;for and against monarchy. When publicopinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody”&
34、#160;a spirit of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchscontinuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is
35、themost monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting VaticanCity and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal
36、;families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficultsearch for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a
37、;downside. Symbolic of national unityas they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave today embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.&
38、#160;At a time whenThomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and theincreasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocraticfamilies
39、 should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocraticways. Princes and princesses hav
40、e day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (orhelicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly
41、;difficult to maintain the rightimage.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for sometime to come, it is the British royals who have most
42、to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her ratherordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will co
43、me with Charles, who hasboth an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived
44、 because theyprovide a service as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charlesought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, w
45、ho arethe monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of SpainA used turn enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among European
46、royalsC cased his relationship with his rivalsDended his reign in embarrassment【答案】D ended his reign in embarrassment【解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據題干要求,定位到文章前兩段。而文章第一段的第二句話提到“But embarrassing scandals and the popularit
47、y of the republican left in the recentEuro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.”(在最近的歐洲選舉中,令人尷尬的丑聞和受歡迎的共和黨,均迫使 Carlos 收回前言并退位)。D 選項中,“standdown”是“end reign”的同義置換,且“embarrass
48、ment”與導致 Carlos 卸任的原因“embarrassing scandals”是相呼應的。故 D 是正確答案。A、B、C 均屬于無中生有。 22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostlyA owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB
49、0;to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC to give voter more public figures to look up toDdue to their everlasting political embodiment【答案】A owing to their un
50、doubted and respectable status【解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞“monarchs”和“heads of state”,定位到第三段的最后一句話“.most royal families have survived because they allow votersto avoid the difficult search for a non-controversia
51、l but respected public figure.”(大多數的王室幸存下來是由于他們讓選民可以避免去尋找一個不受爭議且受尊敬的公眾人物的困難)其中“non-controversial but respected public figure”正是 A 選項中“undoubted and respectable status”的同義置換。故 A 是正確答案。23. Which of the follo
52、wing is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?A Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealthB The role of the nobility in modern democraciesC The simple lifesty
53、le of the aristocratic familiesDThe nobilitys adherence to their privileges【答案】B The role of the nobility in modern democracies【解析】事實細節(jié)題。定位在第四段的最后一句話“.it is bizarre that wealthyaristocratic
54、families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democraticstates.”(離奇的是,富有的貴族竟然仍是現代民主國家的象征核心)其中,the symbolicheart of modern democratic states 是題干 the role of the nobility in moderndemo
55、cracies 的同義置換。24. The British royals “have most to fear” because CharlesA takes a rough line on political issuesB fails to change his lifestyle as advisedC takes republic
56、ans as his potential alliesD fails to adapt himself to his future role【答案】D fails to adapt himself to his future role【解析】事實細節(jié)題。該題考查:英國皇家貴族們非常害怕是因為查爾斯。根據題干專有名詞 Charles 可定位到文章第七段“the dang
57、er will come with Charles.worstenemies”。本段指出“危險源自于查爾斯,他生活奢靡,等級觀念顯著;并且他沒有意識到君王的幸存很大程度上取決于君王提供了公共服務,同時,查爾斯并不知道,國王才是君主制度最大的敵人,而非共和黨人。”選項 A 意為:對待政治問題態(tài)度強硬,文章并無提及;選項 B 意為,對待建議的生活方式改變失敗,文章中提到生活方式,但并未提到改變生活方式;選項 C 意為:視共和黨人為潛在盟友,文章中提到,共和黨人并非最大的敵人,并未指明把共和黨人視為盟
58、友,屬于偷換概念,選項 D 意為:適應未來身份失敗,文章指出查爾斯的生活方式,世界觀以及他對于君王制度的錯誤理解均為身份特殊的他的不正確言行,與選項 D 表述吻合,故為正確答案。25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB Charles,
59、160;Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsDCharles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats【答案】C Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monar
60、chs【解析】主旨大意題。該題考察四個選項中哪個可作為文章最佳標題。文章從西班牙國王 Carlos 退位事件切入,主要討論當下歐洲君王制度所存在的問題,并非討論查爾斯的事件,即可排除選項 B“查爾斯繼位焦慮”和 D“查爾斯應對威脅緩慢”,而選項 A“卡洛斯榮辱并存” 和 C“卡洛斯歐洲君王們的前車之鑒”中,選項 A 屬于細節(jié)信息,不能概括文章大意,選項 C 可概括,故為正確答案。另外,文章主題詞 Monarch 只有在選項 C中出現,也可作為迅速解題的依據
61、。 Text 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Courtwill now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without
62、a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularlyone that upsets the&
63、#160;old assumption that authorities may search through thepossessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues,for judges to assess the impl
64、ications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enoughof the implications are discernable, even obvious, s
65、o that the justices can andshould provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring thecontents
66、of a smart phone a vast storehouse of digital information is similarto, say, rifling through a suspects purse. The court has ruled that police dont violate th
67、e Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook ofan arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smart phone is more like enteringhis or her ho
68、me. A smart phone may contain an arrestees reading history, financialhistory, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. Thedevelopment of “cloud computing,” me
69、anwhile, has made that exploration so muchthe easier. Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keepingsensitive information on these devices is increasingly
70、0;a requirement of normal life.Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private andprotected by the Constitutions prohibition on unreasonable searches.As s
71、o often is the case, stating that principle doesnt ease the challenge ofline-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtaina warrant
72、0;to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate FourthAmendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could takereasonable measures to ensure th
73、at phone data are not erased or altered while awarrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to citesituations where they are entitled
74、0;to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptivetechnology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections.Orin Kerr, a
75、 law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digitalinformation in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtualnecessity of life in
76、60;the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the newpersonal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendmentapplies to digi
77、tal information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimatetoA prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.B search for suspect
78、s mobile phones without a warrant.C check suspects phone contents without being authorized.Dprohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.【答案】C check suspects phone contents without&
79、#160;being authorized【解析】這是一道事實細節(jié)題,根據題干關鍵詞 The Supreme Court 回文定位到第一段的第二句話,“The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search for thecontents of a mobile phone without a war
80、rant if the phone is on or around a personduring an arrest”,一一比對選項,原文中的“police can search for the contents ofa mobile phone without a warrant”與選項 C “check suspects phone&
81、#160;contents withoutbeing authorized”是同義替換,其他選項均是無關選項。27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one ofA disapproval.B indifference.C tolerance.Dcautiousness.【答案】A disapproval【解析】本題是觀點態(tài)度題,考察作者的態(tài)度。根據題干關鍵詞“Califor
82、niasargument”,可以定位到文章第四段第一句“They should start by discarding Californias lame argument”。由第四段第一句話中的“discard(拋棄)”和“l(fā)ame(沒有說服力的)”可以看出作者對于 Californias argument 是不支持的態(tài)度,因此選 A。 28. The author believes that exploring ones
83、160;phone contents is comparable toA getting into ones residence.B handling ones historical records.C scanning ones correspondences.D going through ones wallet.【答案】A getting into ones r
84、esidence【解析】根據題干關鍵詞 the author believes 和“exploring ones phone contentsis comparable to”可回文定位到文章第四段第三句“But exploring ones smartphone ismore like entering his or her home”,選項 A 語義與之一致,其中,getting
85、160;into 與entering 對應,ones residence 與 his or her home 對應,故 A 選項為正確答案。29. The author believes that exploring ones phone contents is comparable toA principles are hard to&
86、#160;be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room for action.C citizens privacy is not effectively protected.D phones are used to store sensitive information.【答案】C
87、160;citizens privacy is not effectively protected【解析】根據題干信息 In paragraphs 5and 6 定位第 5 段第一句話“Americans shouldtake steps to protect their digital privacy.及第 6 段最后一句話,.and they couldtake&
88、#160;reasonable measures to.,可推知作者的顧慮,因此答案為 C.30. Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate thatA the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.B new technology requires reinterpretation
89、;of the Constitution.CCalifornias argument violates principles of the Constitution.Dprinciples of the Constitution should never be altered【答案】A the Constitution should be implemented flexibly【解析】這是一道例證題,根據題干關鍵詞 Orin Kerr 可以回文定位到文章最后一段。作者引用 Orin Kerr 這個人的比較是為了說明相關的論點。分析最后一段結構可知,最后一段的第三句和第四句都是在闡述該例子本身,所以相關論點應該往前面找,即是第二句話,“New,disruptive
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 化妝技術培訓中的妝容設計和產品選擇
- 2021年10月廣西欽州市浦北縣事業(yè)單位公開招聘工作人員簡章模擬卷(一)
- 2021年10月廣西南寧經濟技術開發(fā)區(qū)第十四期專業(yè)技術崗公開招聘沖刺題(一)
- 醫(yī)藥行業(yè)XO%26科研試劑:低谷已過復蘇將至
- 區(qū)塊鏈技術在數字創(chuàng)意廣告中的創(chuàng)新應用考核試卷
- 勞動節(jié)復工復產高風險作業(yè)的安全管理策略考核試卷
- 城市道路綠化養(yǎng)護合同范本
- 傳媒公司兼職攝影師合同模板
- 旅游景點加油站施工協議
- 智慧農業(yè)項目招投標評標細則
- 《老年人生活照護》試卷A卷及答案
- 消防安全知識培訓課件
- 高中歷史選擇性必修2知識點總結歸納
- 16J914-1 公用建筑衛(wèi)生間
- 物聯網應用技術職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃
- 2024年廣東恒健投資控股有限公司招聘筆試參考題庫含答案解析
- 2型糖尿病人生活質量評定量表(中文版)
- GR326CORE規(guī)范講解
- 新訓工作總結(共5篇)
- 五年級下冊牛津英語期中試卷【精】
- 《垃圾分類》ppt課件
評論
0/150
提交評論