2019年上海高考英語詞匯手冊新增詞匯(詳解版)(共14頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2019上海高考英語考綱詞匯新變化（詳解版）（說明：黃色字體代表新增加的詞匯及新語義；藍(lán)色字體代表語義新變化；紅色字體代表語義已刪除。）1. aboutprep.關(guān)于；在周圍；在各處；在附近；（時(shí)間上）在前后（或左右）ad.在四周；到處2.allowancen.津貼，補(bǔ)貼；零用錢Many children first learn the value of money by receiving anallowance.（2013嘉定一模）很多孩子首先通過領(lǐng)取津貼來學(xué)習(xí)金錢的價(jià)值。3. alphabetn.（一種語言的）全部字母，字母表；初步，入門；基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)V lies

2、inUandWintheEnglishalphabet.在英語字母表中，V位于U與W之間。4. annual a.每年的；年度的n.年刊She will help Wendy prepare herannualreport.她將幫助溫迪準(zhǔn)備她的年度報(bào)告。（2017普陀一模）Kings College Summer School is anannualtraining program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English.國王學(xué)院暑期學(xué)校是一項(xiàng)針對各級(jí)高中生，希望提高英語水平的年度培訓(xùn)課程

3、。(2017金山中學(xué))5. anymoread.再也（不），（不）再He noticed that he didnt think about smokinganymore.他注意到他不再考慮吸煙了。(2016徐匯區(qū)二模)You wont have any excuse to skip classanymore.你不會(huì)有任何理由再逃課了。(2018奉賢二模)6. appn.（下載到智能手機(jī)或平板電腦等設(shè)備上使用的）應(yīng)用軟件；應(yīng)用程序（application的縮略）You may be surprised by how much you dish out on Starbucks after us

4、ing theappfor a while.在使用該應(yīng)用程序一段時(shí)間后，您可能會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)星巴克的菜肴數(shù)量。(2018徐匯一模)7. applaudvt.向鼓掌；向喝彩；稱贊vi.鼓掌；喝彩8. appliance n.器具；器械They will be able to collect real-time information on their energy use for eachappliance.他們將能夠收集有關(guān)每個(gè)器械的能源使用情況的實(shí)時(shí)信息。（2013閔行二模）9. applicationn.應(yīng)用；申請（表）；（計(jì)）應(yīng)用程序I was actually hoping you co

5、uld write me a reference letter for my law schoolapplication.我實(shí)際上希望你能給我寫一封我的法學(xué)院申請的推薦信。（2017崇明一模）The robotic fly has been put into wideapplication.機(jī)器人飛行已被廣泛應(yīng)用。(2013上海高考)10. arousevt.喚醒；引起；使奮發(fā)；使行動(dòng)起來vi.醒來；發(fā)奮Welcome to a never-before-seen world of wonder where you canarousethe magical dream within your

6、heart.歡迎來到一個(gè)前所未有的奇跡世界，在這里您可以喚起內(nèi)心的神奇夢想。（2017虹口一模）But I strongly support this kind of activity which mayarousepeoples concern about the environment by using less power.但我強(qiáng)烈支持這種可能會(huì)通過減少用電來引起人們對環(huán)境的關(guān)注的活動(dòng)。（2011普陀二模）11. arrive vi.到達(dá)；到來；達(dá)成(at)Too many studies test too few subjects toarriveat firm conclusions

7、.太多的研究測試的受試者太少，無法得出確切的結(jié)論。（2018徐匯二模）12. awakea.醒著的；意識(shí)到的；認(rèn)識(shí)到的(to)vi.醒；覺醒vt.喚醒；使覺醒Perhaps keeping one side of the brainawakeallows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.也許保持大腦的一側(cè)清醒可以使睡眠動(dòng)物偶爾浮出水面以避免溺水。（2011交大附中）13. awakenvt.喚醒；使意識(shí)到；認(rèn)識(shí)到的(to)vi.醒；覺醒；意識(shí)到；認(rèn)識(shí)到(to)Not only does traveling

8、force you toawakenyour inner word bank, but it also teaches you about the large number of cultural quirks.旅行不僅強(qiáng)迫你認(rèn)識(shí)到你內(nèi)心文字庫，而且它還教你大量文化怪癖。（2017復(fù)旦附中）We suddenlyawakened tothe realization that our friendship was over.我們突然意識(shí)到我們的友誼結(jié)束了。14backgroundn.背景；背景資料；出身背景Success does not depend on familybackground,

9、but depends on diligence and good family education.成功不取決于家庭背景，而是取決于勤奮和良好的家庭教育。（2017七寶中學(xué)）15. bargainn.協(xié)定,協(xié)議；特價(jià)商品；交易；廉價(jià)（品）vi.討價(jià)，討價(jià)還價(jià)The cost of tuition and theavailability offinancial aid are other considerations, with public institutions generallya betterfinancialbargainthan private ones.學(xué)費(fèi)和經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的可用性是

10、其他考慮因素，公共機(jī)構(gòu)通常比私人機(jī)構(gòu)更便宜。（2015閔行一模）16. bedn.床；就寢時(shí)間；（河）床；（湖、海的）底Your mind may start to connect yourbedwith work, which will make it harder for you to fall asleep.你的思緒可能會(huì)開始將你的床與工作連接起來，這將使你更難入睡。（2012寶山一模）17. behalfn.利益；方面；支持on behalf of代表.一方；作為.的代言人；為了.的利益Many adults in counseling sessions still recall wi

11、th gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped inon their behalf咨詢會(huì)議中的許多成年人仍然感激地回憶起一個(gè)陌生人進(jìn)來代表他們（2018徐匯一模）MPAA is a nonprofit organization formed by six large studios to workon behalf ofthe film industry.MPAA是由六家大型工作室組成的非營利組織，代表電影業(yè)工作。（2015黃浦一模）18. behavevi.舉止端正；表現(xiàn)vt.(oneself)檢點(diǎn)（自己的）行為Parents must p

12、rovide the best environment andbehavethemselves better.父母必須提供最好的環(huán)境，讓自己更好地行事。（2010十校聯(lián)考）19. bonusn.額外給予的東西；獎(jiǎng)金；津貼I have found that having male nurses is a realbonus, and they definitely have a place in our hospital.我發(fā)現(xiàn)擁有男護(hù)士是一個(gè)真正的獎(jiǎng)金，他們肯定在我們醫(yī)院占有一席之地。（2014浦東一模）Parents and teachers are sometimes reluctant

13、to offer a reward to a young person for doing something he or she should like for its own sake-a monetarybonusfor reading a book, for example.父母和老師有時(shí)不愿意為年輕人做出他或她“應(yīng)該”喜歡的事情而給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)-例如，讀書的金錢獎(jiǎng)金。（2017八校聯(lián)考）20. boomn.低沉有回響的聲音；隆隆聲；嗡嗡聲；（經(jīng)濟(jì)等思維）繁榮（期）；（價(jià)格等的）暴漲；（事業(yè)等的）突然好轉(zhuǎn)v.發(fā)出低沉有回響的聲音；發(fā)出隆隆聲（或嗡嗡聲）；使繁榮；（使）迅速發(fā)展Maybe th

14、e booksboomhas affected only the top of the educational pile.也許書籍繁榮只影響了教育的最高層。（2012吳淞中學(xué)）Websites about dieting wouldboom.關(guān)于節(jié)食的網(wǎng)站將會(huì)迅速發(fā)展。（2017普陀一模）21. botanyn.植物學(xué)；（一個(gè)地區(qū)的）植物生態(tài)Workshops are very loosely organized and most represent discussions that have been held at Society for EconomicBotany(SEB) meeti

15、ngs over a series of years.研討會(huì)組織得非常松散，大多數(shù)代表了多年來在經(jīng)濟(jì)植物學(xué)會(huì)（SEB）會(huì)議上進(jìn)行的討論。（2014青浦一模）22. bow2n.狐狀物；弓，弓形物Practicingfighting with a sword and using abowand arrow skillfully.練習(xí)用劍戰(zhàn)斗，巧妙地使用弓箭。23.brochuren.小冊子；情況介紹手冊People with Globe-trotter tickets can take any kind of the discounts listed in thebrochure.擁有Globe

16、-trotter門票的人可以享受手冊中列出的任何折扣。（2015長寧二模）24. buffetn.餐具架（或柜）；自助餐，快餐With sandcastle contests, Swedishbuffetnight, and family bingo, this classic northern Minnesota lodge is right out of Garrison Keillor.這家經(jīng)典的明尼蘇達(dá)州北部小屋位于Garrison Keillor的對面，提供沙堡比賽，瑞典自助餐之夜和家庭賓果游戲。（2018靜安一模）25. categoryn.種類，類，類別Common bacter

17、ia, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into thiscategory.已知在許多不支持其他生活形式的環(huán)境中存活的常見細(xì)菌屬于這一類。（2018徐匯一模）26. cautionn.小心，謹(jǐn)慎；警告Educators urgecautionin using a ranking table and emphasize that better choice for one student may be very different for

18、another.教育工作者在使用排名表時(shí)要求謹(jǐn)慎，并強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)學(xué)生的更好選擇可能與另一個(gè)學(xué)生的選擇截然不同。（2015黃浦一模）Cell phone users err on the side ofcautionuntil more definitivestudies can be conducted.手機(jī)用戶在謹(jǐn)慎方面犯了錯(cuò)誤，直到可以進(jìn)行更明確的研究。（2010徐匯一模）27. centigradea.攝氏的；百分度的n.攝氏In Finland the temperature is sometimes40 degrees below zerocentigrade.在芬蘭，溫度有時(shí)比零攝氏度

19、低40度。（2012虹口二模）28. chaptern. (書等的)章，回，篇You are supposed to read thechapterabout which I will be lecturing before you come to class.在你上課之前，你應(yīng)該閱讀我將要講授的章節(jié)。（2015靜安一模）29. checkv.檢查；核對；（使）突然停止n.檢查；核對；（主美）支票Be sure tocheckahead of time what you will need for each activity.請務(wù)必提前檢查每項(xiàng)活動(dòng)所需的內(nèi)容。（2012徐匯二模）People

20、with destructive patterns shouldchecktheir lives for signs of unresolved pain具有破壞性模式的人應(yīng)該檢查他們的生活是否有未解決的疼痛跡象(2017青浦二模)30. climaten.氣候；（某一社會(huì)、時(shí)期等的）風(fēng)氣；環(huán)境氣氛This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorableclimate, all contributes to Australians relaxed attitude.這一點(diǎn)，以及相當(dāng)多的休閑時(shí)間和有利的氣候，都有助于澳大利亞人放松的態(tài)度。

21、（2018黃浦一模）The financialclimate, the job market, family tensions, Obama moving into the Lincoln bedroom.金融氣候，就業(yè)市場，家庭緊張局勢，奧巴馬搬入林肯臥室。（2012虹口分層）31. content2vt.使?jié)M意；使?jié)M足a.滿意的；滿足的n.滿意；滿足Few of us arecontentto accept ourselves as we are.我們很少有人滿足于接受自己。（2010徐匯二模）They are happy so long as their children arecont

22、ent.只要孩子滿意，他們就會(huì)很開心。（2018楊浦二模）32. crawlvi. n.爬，爬行；匍匐行進(jìn)；緩慢（或費(fèi)勁）地行進(jìn)They may be so small that they cancrawlalong the edge of a coin.它們可能很小，以至于它們可以沿著硬幣的邊緣爬行。（2013奉賢一模）33. dinosaurn.恐龍A collection of more than 30,000 ancient fossils, includingdinosaurskeletons, are facing the risk of destruction in Hebei

23、Province, north China,unless effective measures are taken to protect them from further damage.除非采取有效措施保護(hù)他們免受進(jìn)一步破壞，否則包括恐龍骨骼在內(nèi)的3萬多件古代化石的集合將面臨中國北方河北省的破壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。（2011十三校聯(lián)考）34. discouragevt.使泄氣，使灰心；阻止，阻擋When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it candiscouragecreativity.當(dāng)責(zé)任感采取達(dá)到期望的形

24、式時(shí)，它可以阻擋創(chuàng)造力。（2018閔行二模）Some people arediscouragedby failure while others dont believe in this way.有些人因失敗而泄氣，而有些人則不相信這種方式。（2010晉元中學(xué)）35. emergencyn.緊急情況；急癥（病人）When a call comes in, a worker in theemergencycenter answers thephone quickly, writes down the callers information, and then helpsthe caller con

25、tact theemergencyagency.當(dāng)有來電時(shí)，緊急中心的工作人員會(huì)快速接聽電話，記下來電者的信息，然后幫助來電者聯(lián)系應(yīng)急機(jī)構(gòu)。(2011虹口二模)36. everadv.在任何時(shí)候，從來Despite the great effort made by governments, more effective measures should be made to deal with theeverworsening problem of global warming.盡管各國政府付出了巨大努力，但應(yīng)采取更有效的措施來應(yīng)對日益惡化的全球變暖問題。（2010閔行二模）37. fulla.

26、（充）滿的；完全的；（口）飽的Takefulladvantage of what matters most.完全利用最重要的事情。（2009黃浦二模）The hospitals in Qatar werefullat that time.那時(shí)卡塔爾的醫(yī)院已經(jīng)滿員了。（2016奉賢二模）38. fundamentala.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的；主要的When it comes to investing in such staff training, however, there is afundamentalparadox.然而，當(dāng)涉及投資員工培訓(xùn)時(shí)，存在一個(gè)基本的矛盾。（2017八校聯(lián)考）The hi

27、ll was afundamentalpart of my childhood life.山是我童年生活的主要的組成部分。（2013七寶中學(xué)）39. geniusn.天才，天賦；天才人物If you wanted to picture how a typicalgeniusmight develop, youd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability.如果你想描繪一個(gè)典型的天才如何發(fā)展，你會(huì)選擇一個(gè)擁有略高于平均水平的語言能力的女孩。（2018閔行一模）40. grave2a.認(rèn)真的，嚴(yán)肅的；莊嚴(yán)的

28、；嚴(yán)重的；重大的Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunken driving has been agraveproblem with which we are confronted.沒有人能夠注意到醉酒駕駛一直是我們面臨的嚴(yán)重的問題。（2011普陀一模）The manager was agrave, calm man.經(jīng)理是一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅，冷靜的人。（2017奉賢一模）41. kangaroo n.袋鼠Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs,kangarooflatulence co

29、ntains no methane and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who produce large quantities of the harmful gas.由于胃里有特殊的細(xì)菌，袋鼠腸胃氣脹不含甲烷，科學(xué)家們希望將這種細(xì)菌轉(zhuǎn)移到產(chǎn)生大量有害氣體的牛羊身上。（2013七寶中學(xué)）42. marathon n.馬拉松賽跑One must be able to cover the HalfMarathonwithin 3.5hours.一個(gè)人必須能夠在3.5小時(shí)內(nèi)完成半程馬拉松比賽。（2015奉

30、賢一模）43.modifyvt.修改，更改；緩和；（語）修飾I consider how I mightmodifysome of the things that Im doing.我考慮如何修改我正在做的一些事情。(2012七校聯(lián)考)How do scientistsmodifya plant so that it makes more food than its parents did?科學(xué)家如何修改植物以使其比父母更多地?cái)z取食物？（2017浦東二模）44. mutuala.相互的，彼此的；共有的To promotemutualunderstanding, they should list

31、en to each other and ask question.為了促進(jìn)相互理解，他們應(yīng)該互相傾聽并提出問題。（2018浦東一模）Co-rumination is themutualencouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.共同反思是相互鼓勵(lì)，可以反復(fù)討論問題，預(yù)測未來的問題并關(guān)注負(fù)面情緒。（2018徐匯二模）45. mythn.神話；謊言；（美語事實(shí)根據(jù)的）

32、虛構(gòu)信念（或觀點(diǎn)、理論）This workshop will expose themythof a social change-maker.本次研討會(huì)將揭示社會(huì)變革者的神話。（2015黃浦二模）Themyththat shy people are less effective leaders than theiroutgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding.害羞的人比那些即將離任的人更不有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的神話只是一種誤解。（2017格致中學(xué)）46. nonfictionn.非小說類文學(xué)作品，寫實(shí)作品The degree of involvement of

33、the ghostwriter innonfictionwriting projects ranges from minor to significant.代筆作家在非小說寫作項(xiàng)目中的參與程度從輕微到重要。（2009黃浦二模）47. novel n.（長篇）小說I thought thenovelwas going to be really boring.我覺得這部小說真的很無聊。（2003上海春考）48. onion n.洋蔥Then he added two slices ofonion.然后他又加了兩片洋蔥。（2014徐匯一模）50. preyn.獵物，捕獵物；捕食vi.捕食Lowpre

34、ypopulation levels then provide inadequate food for the predators, causing the predator population to decrease.較低獵物種群水平為捕食者提供的食物不足，導(dǎo)致捕食者數(shù)量減少。（2015長寧二模）In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they werepreyas well as predator and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.在侏羅紀(jì)和白堊紀(jì)，它們既是獵物也是捕食者，因此經(jīng)常不得不迅速退出。（20

35、18閔行二模）51. punctual a.守時(shí)的；準(zhǔn)時(shí)的Mr. Zhang said that he would bepunctualfor the appointment, but what if he were late?張先生說他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)約會(huì)，但如果他遲到怎么辦？(2012吳淞中學(xué)）The everyday signs of conscientiousness beingpunctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous in attending to responsibilities.日常的責(zé)任心表現(xiàn)為準(zhǔn)時(shí)

36、，勤勉工作，自律，謹(jǐn)慎地履行職責(zé)。（2018閔行二模）52. rock2n.搖動(dòng)，搖擺；搖滾樂（或舞）v.（使）搖動(dòng)，（使）搖擺；奏搖滾樂，跳搖滾舞WhenI came back inside, light and air bursting in with me, Grandma, her hair up, wouldrocka little and smile.當(dāng)我回到里面時(shí)，光線和空氣一起沖進(jìn)來，奶奶，她的頭發(fā)，會(huì)搖動(dòng)一下，微笑。（2012盧灣一模）What a wonderful performance! Yourrockband has never sounded better.真是太

37、棒了！你的搖滾樂隊(duì)從來沒有聽起來更好。（2017浦東一模）53. subjectn.學(xué)科，科目；主題；題材adj.易受的，常受的，易患的（to）vt.使服從；使經(jīng)受；使遭受；使易受（to）Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not beensubjectto technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use.由于玩具通常被視為一種藝術(shù)形式，因此它們并未受到成人使用發(fā)明特征的技術(shù)飛躍。（2012十校聯(lián)考）Many

38、cyclists even believe that they are notsubjectto the basic rules of the road.許多騎車者甚至認(rèn)為他們不受道路基本規(guī)則的約束。（2014閔行一模）54. suspicion n.懷疑，疑心This gains from trade logic often arousessuspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere.貿(mào)易邏輯帶來的收益往往引起懷疑，因?yàn)楹锰幩坪鮼碜詿o處。（2014閔行二模）Because he wasnt very confident about hissuspicion, he used a three-step process to search for the truth.因?yàn)樗麑ψ约旱膽岩刹惶孕牛运?/p>