初中英語語法之?？加⒄Z介詞概況匯總表格

1、初中英語?？冀樵~用法概括1.in序號功能含義理解核心典型例句1表示時間在某段時間朝代、古今、世紀(jì)、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、過去、將來等不具體的、模糊的大于1天的時間段。注意和at在這方面的區(qū)別：at指的是短于1天的時間點in Tang dynasty;in the 19thcentury;in 1980;in this year;in spring;in a week;in a month;in the morning2表示位置在某個地方國家、地區(qū)、省、市、區(qū)、太空、天空等(自然意義上的地方)in china;in huabei;in Beijing;in the sky在某個

2、場所車、教室、超市等(注意和at在這方面的區(qū)別 ,at一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接觸的地方)inthe train; in the classroom;甲處于乙中除實物里面外 ,注意“光、燈、影、樹蔭、雨、森林 ,有全身置入某種環(huán)境之中的含義在內(nèi)。We are in the classroom;They are sitting in the shade of a tree;They are studying in the bright light.3表示將來在以后用在一般將來時中 ,是從“現(xiàn)在時間點往后.They will come back in 10days4語言單位材料/

3、關(guān)于“材料“ ,注意和with在這個用法上的區(qū)別。(with偏向“工具 ,in偏向“材料)I wrote a novel in Russian；The length is measured inmeter, and centimetre；This board was cast in gold.5狀態(tài)方面服飾/狀態(tài)：既可以指人的狀態(tài) ,也可指物的狀態(tài)；方面：既可指具體 ,也可指抽象方面；服飾：尤以顏色和狀態(tài)常考He wasnt in good health,so talk in low voice.Ourcountry in rich in natural resources;Agood tea

4、cher must be an example in studyHe is in red shoes today初中階段應(yīng)掌握的In的常見短語 介詞短語in all 總計;in general 一般來說；in time 及時；in advance 事前;in the meantime 與此同時;in place 適當(dāng)?shù)兀?in the hope of懷著希望;in connection with 和有關(guān);in contact with 和聯(lián)系;in addition to 除以外;in case of 倘假設(shè) ,萬一;in conflict with 和沖突;in force 有效的 ,大批;

5、in depth 徹底地;in regard to 關(guān)于;in the neighborhood of 大約、鄰近;in retrospect 回憶 ,一想起;in behalf of 代表利益;in the long run 從長遠說來;in ones opinion 在看來;in word 口頭上;in a word 總之;in vain 無益地, 白白地;in case 如果 ,萬一 ,以防;in detail 詳細地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 總之；in spite of 盡管;in other words換句話說;in return 作為回報;in t

6、he name of 以名義；be confident in 對有信心;be interested in 對感興趣;in doubt 疑心;in love 戀愛中;in debt 負債;in hesitation 猶豫不決;in wonder 在驚奇中;in public (secret) 公開他(秘密地);in a good mood (情緒)好; in danger, in debt(負債), in a hurry；in stock(有庫存)；inpeace(平安) (at peace和平),動詞短語believe in信任; break in break in闖入,插嘴,打斷;bring

7、 in引起；產(chǎn)生；帶來; come in進來；流行；call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起；訂閱 ,上當(dāng) ,受騙； turn in上繳 ,歸還；fill in填充；get in收獲；succeed in成功；check in到達登記 ,cut in插嘴,插入；count in包括；draw in時間接近； drop in順路拜訪；givein投降、屈服； go in for 參加；愛好 ,追求；hand in交上 ,上繳；pour in源源而來。2.on序號功能含義理解核心典型例句1表示時間在某天或一天內(nèi)的某個時間段在星期幾、具體的某一天or某日的早、中、晚時間前有定語修飾OnSu

8、nday(Mon.Tue);on May 12th 2019;on the night of Oct.29th;onWed.morning;on a cold night;on childrens day(核心提示：所有的節(jié)日都是用on)2表示位置具體在上面與物體外表相接觸注意與aboveover的區(qū)別Thereare a lot of books on the shelf;Onthe face; on the head;on the floorfootball fieldplaygroundroadroofOn the farm on the market(?？?抽象在上面收音機、電視、 、

9、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、 、問題、紙張所有有形的 ,無形的“新聞媒體上都是用onOnTV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone；Youare wrong on all these issues在邊上左、右、兩邊Onthe left; on the right; on both sides; thereis a hotel on the lake3表示狀態(tài)處于狀態(tài)人或者物的目前狀態(tài);Onduty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time;onthe country

10、；on scale4表示關(guān)系關(guān)于文章or論著高中階段掌握On指專門論述注意和about相區(qū)別Iwant a book on South Africa.Hewrote an article on the importance of birth control靠相當(dāng)于depend on的含義The people in the south liveon rice;Youcant afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot5特定時間一就高中階段掌握相當(dāng)于as soon as+主語的含義On entering

11、the room, hefound his friends dancing；初中階段應(yīng)掌握In的常見短語 介詞短語Onthe spot當(dāng)場；立即；on the run在逃跑中；On the air在播送中；on fire著火；on time準(zhǔn)時；on duty值日；on strike罷工； on sale上市；on the country相反地；on schedule按時間表 ,準(zhǔn)時; on business公事； on display在展出；on the one hand一方面；on the other hand另一方面； on ones way to在路上；on ones own=by o

12、neself;on top of;and so on等等；on purpose成心 ,專門特別注意：乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行；onhorse騎馬；on donkey騎驢動詞短語Bring on引起 ,導(dǎo)致；call on號召 ,拜訪；decide on 決定;depend on依靠 ,取決于；get on上車；相處；進展; go on繼續(xù); get on with進展 ,相處； look on旁觀 ,觀望；look onas把看/當(dāng)作;look down on看不起 ,輕視；pass on傳遞 ,傳交；hand on傳遞下去；put on表演 ,上演；戴/穿上；假裝；tak

13、e on 呈現(xiàn) ,具有；流行；承當(dāng) ,雇用；turn on翻開燈 ,氣 ,水 ,電器等；work on繼續(xù)工作, 鉆研學(xué)問或技術(shù); carry on繼續(xù)開展 ,堅持; holdon 繼續(xù)；( )不掛斷；抓牢 ,堅持;try on試穿。3.at序號功能含義理解核心典型例句1表示時間在時刻歲時In是時間段 ,at是時間點 ,相對更精確Atnoon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;atdinner;at the moment;at the same time;at once;at the beginning o

14、f;at the endof;at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise;atsunset; at 7 oclockaton the weekend?？?表示地點在位置或場所家、腳、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心at the foot of;at the corner of ; at the crossroads;at the gate of;athe bottom of; atthe top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;at thebarbars;at the airpo

15、rt;at the station; at 405 Victory Road 3表示度速度以速度Thecar ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed溫度在度Waterusually boils at 100; at10 degrees centigrade價格按價格Thepen was sold at a good price; at low cost4表示方向朝 ,向表示動作的方向Aimat向.瞄準(zhǔn)；shout at向.大喊；throw at向.扔；smile at向.微笑；rushat向.沖去;fire at向.開火5表示原因由于高中階段掌握一般用在系

16、表結(jié)構(gòu)中 ,對形容詞的原因進行說明Iwas surprised at the news;Hewas discouraged at his failure6表示能力擅長于固定考點：be good at;be bad at;anexpert atHeis good at drawing(at后接名詞或動名詞)初中階段應(yīng)掌握In的常見短語 介詞短語atfirst 首先 ,開始時；at last;at most;at least 至少；at all events 無論如何；at home 在家 ,無拘束；at a loss 不知怎辦；at any rate 不管怎樣；at length 詳細地；be

17、at high tide 處于高潮期；at our invitation 應(yīng)我們的邀請；at our request 應(yīng)我們的請求；at the news 聽到這消息；at the risk of 冒危險；at a great expense 以巨大費用；at intervals of 每隔；at the sight of 一見到at the point of 接近 ,靠近；at the thought of 一想到；at the speed of 以速度；at the cost (price) of 以為代價；at leisure 閑著、失業(yè)；at stake 在危險中、在成敗關(guān)頭；at b

18、ottom 實際上、本質(zhì)上；at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我們；at the present stage 在現(xiàn)階段；at the weekend 周末；at all times 永遠；動詞短語call at訪問某地；come at襲擊 ,攻擊; get at意指 ,本意是；理解；到達; knockat 敲打門窗 ,敲擊; look at看; work at從事, 致力于, 鉆研; laugh at嘲笑；glare at怒目而視； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向4.about序號含義理解核心典型例句1關(guān)于、有關(guān)Thisis a boo

19、k about how to study English2大約, 近于表示時間或數(shù)量Iwill be with you in about 3minutes;Thereare about 30students in the classroom.3到處 ,在周圍 ,附近相當(dāng)于here and thereHewalked about the street.4Whatabout?(習(xí)慣用語)About為介詞 ,所以后接動詞ing形式Whatabout taking a break?動詞短語go about著手,四處走走;set about著手 ,開始;worry about為擔(dān)憂; come abou

20、t 發(fā)生;care about關(guān)心、在意; bring about引起 ,帶來,導(dǎo)致;knock about漫游；lookabout四處看看 ,四處環(huán)顧；set about doing著手做 ,開始；turn about向后轉(zhuǎn)；think about考慮是否去做；argue about爭論; know about了解;hear about聽說;ask about詢問;chat about閑聊;quarrel about爭吵;speaktalk about談?wù)?complain about報怨5.above序號含義理解核心典型例句1高于 ,在之上表示位置、地位、年齡、價格、量(重、數(shù)、度)、音調(diào)

21、等Themountain is 2019meters above the sea level位置;Iknow youre above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(職位)Theold lady is above eighty年齡;Thereare above forty girl students in the class數(shù)量;Ourprivate car weighs 1.8tons(重量)；Anymoney earned over that level is taxed(度量)2非能力所及 ,超出能力、行為、品質(zhì)等The math

22、s problem is above me;Honest above everything else;He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那樣的事情來)介詞短語Above all首先 ,最重要的是 ,最要緊的是；He was above all a good andtireless writer; above all, we must be health 6.across序號含義理解核心典型例句1橫過、穿過表示動作的方向Heswam across the river;Thepoliceman helped the old man walk across th

23、e street.2在對面 ,在那一邊表示位置上的對應(yīng)關(guān)系 ,在隔著的對面Helives across the street;Japanlies across the pacific ocean常見短語Come across偶遇；get across橫穿馬路；能理解 ,被聽懂；run across偶遇 ,橫跨；7.against序號含義理解核心典型例句1撞到、緊靠表示動作的方向 ,有靠、撞擊的意思Ihave hit my head against a wall;Shestood with her back against the tree;Therain beat against the wi

24、ndows2反、逆、違背反對贊成的反義逆方向;違背意愿等Areyou for or against the plan?Therewere 20 votes for her and 12 against her;Heis swimming against this current.Shedid it against her own will3以防大學(xué)階段掌握此用法Theysaved money against old age.4表示陪襯(高中階段掌握此用法)Thered flag is fluttering against the blue sky;Hisred clothes stook ou

25、t clearly against the snow.常見短語Go against違反、違背、反對；stand against反對 ,不支持；turn against轉(zhuǎn)而反對 ,背叛；run against違反 ,偶然遇到；fight against與斗爭； over against正對著 ,在對面fe: he lived over against the school8.after序號含義理解核心典型例句1時間、順序、位置在之后表時間時 ,后面跟的是個時間點Afterbreakfast he ordered a taxi.Shutthe door after you;Afteryou,ple

26、ase.Afew kilometres after the village, turn right to Montelabate2探求、追求、追尋、找與be動詞或其它動詞合用時 ,有此含義Apolice is running after a thief;Heis after a job at our place;Ithink he is only after money.Whatare you after? I am looking for my wallet.3按照、仿照、依照、效仿相當(dāng)于according to的含義Makesentence after the exampleThatwas

27、 a play after Shakespeare.Theynamed the building after the scientist.4由于 ,盡管高級用法 ,高中階段掌握Afterfailing in the last two English tests,he made up his mind to spend more timeon English study.Afterall his efforts,John has failed.常見短語 介詞短語Dayafter day日復(fù)一日；year after year年復(fù)一年；One after nother一個接一個地 ,相繼；afte

28、r alittle/moment/while過了一會；after all畢竟 ,終究；after ones heart合的心；after service售后效勞 ,after the fashion勉強(fe: Hecan speak and write English after a fashion他多少會說一些英語但不太好)；動詞短語Look after照顧 ,照看；take after相像 ,長得像 ,效仿John takes after hisdad；ask after問候, be after尋求,do(sth.)after學(xué)著做 ,go after設(shè)法得到, inquire afte

29、r問候, run after追求, seek after追逐 9.along序號含義理解核心典型例句1順著 ,沿著表具體：沿著具體物體的邊緣Wewalked along the street.2順著 ,沿著表抽象：沿著抽象事物的方向開展該用法為along的副詞用法My life is going alongnicely常見短語1.Along with與一起(fe: The babys mother escaped from the fire along with two other children)；2.all along一直fe: Ivebeen fooling myself all al

30、ong3.bring along把帶來 ,領(lǐng)來;使開展Did youbring along some books?4. come along 出現(xiàn)；沿著過來；加油；進展5. get on / along with.進展；相處10.among序號含義理解核心典型例句1在之中；在.中間表具體：三者或者三者以上之中Ifound him among the crowdPleasedivide the cake among you four表抽象Mostimportant among the countrys problems is the lack of health facilities.2之一相當(dāng)

31、于one of的功能Einsteinis among the greatest scientists備注-among 與between的區(qū)別：三者與兩者之間的區(qū)別。但在以下情況 ,between 可用于三者：(1) 當(dāng)兩個以上的人或物用and 連接時：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之間；(2) 涉及事物之間的區(qū)別或各國之間的關(guān)系時：the difference between thethree of them 他們?nèi)咧g的區(qū)別the relations between variouscountries 各國之間的關(guān)系；(3) 表示“由于合作的結(jié)果時：Between t

32、hem they landed the fish. 他們協(xié)力把魚拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide,share 等表示“分享之類的動詞之后 ,假設(shè)接一個表示三者或三者以上的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時 ,用 among between 均可：He divided his money among between hisfive sons. 他把錢分給了5個兒子。11.as序號含義理解核心典型例句1作為 ,當(dāng)作注意和as for的區(qū)別(as for為至于 ,關(guān)于)Donttreat me as a child;Ispeak now as a friend,not as a teacher.Asfor me, I d

33、ont mind going there by train;2當(dāng)時候 ,在同時as當(dāng)“連詞時的用法Theplay started as I got there;AsI was a child,I liked singing very much3正如 ,就像Asyou can see,we are still working.因為 ,由于Wehave a very wonderful TV, but wehardlywatch itas we have so much houseworkto do.注1. As.as 像.一樣 fe: the little girl over there loo

34、ks asbeautiful as my daughter;2. as long as只要(fe: As long as you can keep awayfrom them, youre safe)3. as a matter of fact adv. 事實上fe: Im leaving for Beijingtomorrow, as a matter of fact.4. as a whole adv. 總體上(fe: We must consider these mattersas a whole)5. as far as adv. 遠到 , 直到 , 至于(6. As if 好象似的

35、仿佛一樣7. as well as adv. 也 ,又8. as well 也 fe: Water is colourless, air aswell9. not so much.as. 與其說.不如說是.(fe: He isnot so much a writer as a reporter)10. such as 像 , 例如；譬如；諸如fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such asbread and milk, are tax-free11. look on.as 把.看作.12. before序號含義理解核心典型例句1在以前；在前面；在之前表示時間Wehave t

36、o finish the work before 10 oclock.Hemade a speech before a lot of audienceHearrived before me.表示位置表示順序2以前 ,以往此時Before做副詞Shehad never been to Italy before3在以前此時before做連詞Iwant to think it over before I decide aboutit常用短語1. before long 不久； fe: I hope to see you again beforelong2. long before很久以前 (fe:

37、Weve seen that film long before)13.behind序號含義理解核心典型例句1比晚；遲于表示時間Yourideas are behind the times;Hearrived ten minutes behind time.2在后面表示位置Hehide himself behind the tree.Thereis someone behind you.3落后于 ,低于 ,不如表抽象：表示力量、能力等Iam far behind you in EnglishJohnsbehind the rest of the class in reading.4支持；作為的后

38、盾此時相當(dāng)于support的作用Hehad his mother behind him.常用短語1.behindschedule 不準(zhǔn)時2.behindthe times 過時的3.behindthe curtain 在幕后4.farbehind 在后面很遠 ,把遠遠的甩在身后5.leftbehind 遺留 ,留下被動語句中更常用14.below序號含義理解核心典型例句1在以下具體：表示位置below含某個水平線或水平面以下的意思 ,而under是某個物體以下Dontwrite your answer below this line;Fishwere swimming below the su

39、rface of the water.2低于 ,在.以下表示年齡Hecant be below fifty.3表示能力、級別、價值、程度、數(shù)量等Heis below me in the class;Hisincome is below the average income in the area；Duringthe night,temperatures dropped below zero.15.beside序號含義理解核心典型例句1在旁邊；在.附近表具體位置：表示地點Hesat beside her all night;Iwant to buy a beautiful beside the

40、river.2和相比引申用法(大學(xué)階段掌握)Besidehis ,my trouble is nothing;Mywork condition looks poor beside hers短語Be beside oneself (with sth)因而忘形 ,失去控制I was beside myself with joy.16.besides序號含義理解核心典型例句1除.以外還有注意和except的區(qū)別except 用來引出陳述中唯一不適用的事物、情形、人或想法 ,是從整體中除去；而besides只是特別強調(diào)而已BesidesEnglish ,we have to study math,Ch

41、inese and so on.Besidescancer, smoking can lead other diseasesSheis a nice girl except a bit ugly. Therewasnt anything in the box except a few dirty clothes2另外 ,再說此時當(dāng)副詞Idont like that new dictionary, besides, its too expensive17.between序號含義理解核心典型例句1在之間兩者(常和and常用)具體：表示時間、位置、數(shù)量The lunch hour is betwee

42、n 11 and13pm;Shanxi province is between henanand gansuThe temperature is between 25degree and 30 all week2抽象：表示比擬、分配、關(guān)系、性質(zhì)等Whats the difference betweenwomen and man?They shared the chocolate betweenthe two of them;The relations between teachers andstudents are excellentMy job is between a secretary anda personal assistant.18.beyond序號含義理解核心典型例句1在的那邊；在以外；表示具體位置：在某物體的范圍之外T