2018英語全國卷閱讀理解詳解

1、英 語（閱讀理解）第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分 40 分） 第一節(jié) （共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 30 分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A B C 和 D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AWashington, . Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, .Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautifulflowers of Washingt

2、on, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famousmonuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability- and the cherry blossoms -disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most p

3、opular monuments in Washington, . Explorethe monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history ateach stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, .Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike to

4、ur is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking toexperience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertainyou with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortablebikes and a smooth tour route （ 路線 ） make c

5、ycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, . Get up closeto the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the Nationa

6、l Mall. Frequentstops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike,helmet, and bottledwater.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advanceA. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, .B. Washi

7、ngton Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, .D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike TourA. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the

8、following does the bicycle tour at night provideA. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.解析：本篇文章講的是華盛頓舉辦的幾個自行車騎行活動，內(nèi)容較簡單。21. A. 細節(jié)理解題。原文中 Reserve your spot before availability 對應題 目中的 bookin advance 。出題人喜歡將原文中的內(nèi)容進行同義詞或者同義句的 替換，這一點考生要多加注意。22. D. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)設問快速定位其在原文中的位置，進行簡單排除即可 得出答案。 Knowledg

9、eable guides will entertain you with the most in teresti ng stories aboutPreside nts. 細節(jié)理解題。由設問中的 at night 定位到 Washington Capital Sites at Night BicycleTour ，然后由 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights 得出答案。BGoodMorning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the

10、sofa every morning, butshe is cook ing up a storm in her latest role- show ing families howto prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.InSave Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with thehelp of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, whi

11、le preparing recipes for und er 5 per family a day. And theGood Morning Britainpresenter says shes been able to put a lot of whatshes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexic

12、antakeaway restaurant, ” she explains.“I pay 5for a portion （一份 ）, but Matt makes them for26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody canbuy takeaway food, but sometimes we re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. ”The eight-part series （ 系 列 節(jié) 目 ）,Save Mo

13、ney: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV sSave Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range ofhealth products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a differentfamily each week. In tonight s Easte

14、r special they come to the aid ofa family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family s longweekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna ReidA. She enjoys embarrassing her gramme.C. She dislikes w

15、orking early in the morning.D. She has had a tightbudget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help SusannaA. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in parag

16、raph 4解析：本文是關于 Susanna Reid 所創(chuàng)辦的一個新的節(jié)目 Save Money: GoodFood 的介紹，教人們在日常生活中怎樣用最少的錢做出美味的食物， Cooking Well for Less ，文章難度不大。24.B. 推理判斷題。 文章中 she is cooking up a storm in her latest role show ing families how to prepare delicious and nu tritious meals on a tight budget. 還有后文中的 The eight-part series 都可以推出

17、Susanna Reid 開辦了一個新的電視節(jié)目。25.C.細節(jié)理解題。In Save Money: GoodFood, she visits a different homeeach week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips onhow to reduce food waste 可知 Matt Tebbutt 的作用是給 Susanna Reid 提供 建議。26.C. 推理判斷題 。定位到第四段 follows in the footsteps ofITVs Save Money: Good Health 可知，

18、這一段主要講的是這檔節(jié)目的靈感來B. She has started a newA. Summarize the previous paragraphs.C. Add some background information.27. What can be a suitable title for the textA. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart C.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefB. Provide some advice for the readers.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.B

19、. Balancing Our Daily DietD. Cooking Well for Less源，所以答案選 C.27.D.主旨大意題。本文主要是對 Save Money: Good Food 這檔節(jié)目的 介紹，文章第一段 showing families howto prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tightbudget說明了這檔節(jié)目的目的，所以D 選項正是對這句話的最好詮釋。CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent ti

20、mes there hasbeen less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hun ter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (聯(lián)系)groups developed their own patter nsof speech independent of each other. Somelanguage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, whe n theworld had just five to ten milli o

21、n people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 Ian guages betwee n them.Soon afterwards, many of those people startedsettlingdown to become farmers,and their Ianguages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread o

22、f universal compulsoryeducation, especiallyglobalisation and better communicationsin the past few decades, all have causedmany Ian guages to disappear, and dominantIan guages such as En glish, Spanish and Chin ese are in creas in gly tak ing over.At present, the world has about 6,800 Ianguages. The

23、distribution of theseIanguages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few Ianguages, oftenspoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small nu mbers. Europe hasonly around 200 Ian guages; the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400; and Asia and th

24、e Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua NewGuinea alone accounts forwell over 800. The median number (中位數(shù))of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half theworld s Ianguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 Ian guages are close to ext inction (了肖亡)

25、,with only afew elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the UnitedStates (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): noneofthese seems to have much cha nee of survival.28. What can we inf

26、er about Ian guages in hun ter-gatherer times30.How many Ian guages are spoke n by less than 6,000 people at prese ntA. About 6,800.A. They developed very fast.C. They had similar patter ns.29. Which of the follow ing best expla insA. Complex.C. Powerful.B. They were large in nu mber.D. They were cl

27、osely conn ected.“ dominant ” underlined in paragraph2B. Advaneed.B. About 3,400.D. About 1,200.C. About 2,400.31.What is the main idea of the textA. New languages will be created.B. People s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determine

28、s language evolution.解析：本文主要講的是隨著人類的發(fā)展，語言的種類卻越來越少，很多語言已 經(jīng)滅絕或者瀕臨滅絕，這是全球化和工業(yè)化帶來的副作用需要引起我們的重視。28.B. 推理判斷題 。本題的答案主要出自第一段 ，只要認真研讀，進行 簡單的排除， 答案不難選出。 Somelanguage experts believe that 10,000 years ago,whenthe world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000languages between them. 這句話是答案

29、的出處。29.C.詞義猜測題。詞語出自第二段。Dominant 這個詞應該是比較常見的，只要考生平時注意詞匯積累這個詞應該能認識， 所以我們在平時的英語學習 中一定要注意詞匯的積累。假如不認識的話，后邊的例子中例舉了English,Spanish and Chinese 還有詞組 take over 這些線索都可以幫助我們來猜測詞 義。30.B 推理判斷題 。答案出自第三段 The median number （ 中位數(shù)） ofspeakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world s languages are spoken byf

30、ewer people than that. 結合前面的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.這兩句話就可以把答案推出來， 6800 和 half 是關鍵 詞。31.C. 主旨大意題 。本篇文章結構清晰，第一段是總領全文，提出觀點in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going。第二段是解釋原因，第三段是對現(xiàn)狀的介紹， 第四段是舉例子。 所以答案很容易選出。 本篇文章考生可以注意出題人的出題范圍， 前三題分別出自前三段， 第四題是對 全文的考查，這也是出題人

31、出題的一個暗含的線索，考生應該多加關注。DWemay think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of somethingshiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （ 裝置 ） well after they goout of style. That s bad news for the environmentand our wallets as these outdated devi

32、ces con sume much more en ergy tha n the newer ones thatdo the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at theRochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each productthroughout its life- from when its mi

33、neralsare mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy usehas evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basicmobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. AndMP3play

34、ers, smart phones, and LCDTVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showedup in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn t throw out our old ones. “The living-roomtelevision is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in everyroom of

35、the house, ” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four perhousehold in 1992 to 13 in 2007.we re not just keeping these old devices- we continue to use them. According tothe analysis of Babbitt s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the

36、worstdevices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more thandoubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（ 解決方案 ） The teams data only went up to 2007, butthe researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with ne

37、welectronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktopcomputers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. what does the author think of new devicesA. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. why did Babbitt s team conduct the researchA. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the