講解最清晰最全的---虛擬語氣教學(xué)文案

1、講解最清晰最全的-虛擬語氣v虛擬語氣是一種表示的動(dòng)詞形式，用來表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測(cè)、建議等含義。按照不同的時(shí)間，主句、從句中的動(dòng)詞的形式發(fā)生變化。一、虛擬語氣在帶有條件從句的復(fù)合句在帶有條件從句的復(fù)合句中的構(gòu)成和用法時(shí)間時(shí)間從句從句主句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)Would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)（had done）Would/should/could/might+have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞將來實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性小1. 動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)（be為were）2. were+不定式3. should+動(dòng)詞原形Would/should/could

2、/might+動(dòng)詞原形千錘百煉v1. If I _ (be) you, I would go with him.v(現(xiàn)在) 如果我是你，我就和他一塊兒去。v2. If we _ (invite) him, he wold have come. v(過去)要是我們邀請(qǐng)了他，他是會(huì)來的。（事實(shí)是）v3. If I _ (have) time, I could come to help you. v(將來) 如果我有時(shí)間，我會(huì)來幫助你的。（但有時(shí)間的可能很小）如果條件從句中包含有were，had, should等詞時(shí)，可以把if省略，但要把were, had, should等放在主語前面。vHad

3、they realized how important the task was, they wouldnt have refused to accept it. v如果他們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)任務(wù)是多么重要的話，他們就不會(huì)拒絕接受它了。v=If they had realized how important vIf it were not for their assistance, we should be in serious difficulty.v要不是他們協(xié)助，我們會(huì)陷入困境。v=Were it not for their assistance,注1. Were it not for the

4、snowy weather, we _ all right.vA. would be B. would have been vC. were D. may be2. _ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.vA. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been3. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by ha

5、nd, _ all practical value by the time they were finished.vA. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost 有時(shí)，條件從句表示的動(dòng)詞和主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。這種句子被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。vIf you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now. (從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在)v如果你早聽了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有麻煩了。注vI wo

6、uld have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week.vA. were B. had been C. have been D. was二、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用v1. 由wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)間時(shí)間賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望過去時(shí)（be是were）wish表示對(duì)將來的愿望would, could, might+動(dòng)詞原形wish用于表示對(duì)過去的事實(shí)一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望had+動(dòng)

7、詞過去分詞或could, would+have +動(dòng)詞過去分詞vI wish that he _ (be) not so lazy.v我多么希望他不會(huì)這么懶。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望）vI wish he _ (try) again.v我希望他還能再試一次。（對(duì)將來的愿望）vThe picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I _(not go) to it.v圖片展覽會(huì)使我非常煩惱，我希望我根本沒有去過。（對(duì)過去的愿望）1. I wished that John _ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only f

8、or three months. A. spends B. spent C. would have spent D. will spend E. could have spent F. had spent2. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone2. Would (had) rather, would as soon和would sooner后面的從句中要求用過去時(shí)過去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)淼那闆r，用過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況，或表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。v

9、Id rather you _ (post) the letter right away.v我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。vI would just as soon you _ (return) the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。1. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.vA. do B. dont C. didnt D. didnt do2. Id just as soon _

10、 rudely to her.vA. that you wont speak B. you not speaking C. you not speak D. you didnt speak 3. Its (high, about) time that從句中要求用虛擬語氣形式，即動(dòng)詞要用過去時(shí)vIt is high time that the government _ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.vA. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking4. 由連接詞in case, lest, for fe

11、ar that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略。vShe put a blanket over the baby for fear that he _ (catch) cold.她給那個(gè)嬰兒蓋上了毯子，以免他著涼。vThe bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he should injure himself.v這個(gè)壞人被關(guān)在設(shè)有軟墊的牢房里，以免他傷害自己。vHes working hard for fear that he _.vA. should fall behind B.fe

12、ll behind vC. may fall behind D. would fall behind5. 虛擬語氣用于as if (though) 引起的方式狀語從句和表語從句中，其動(dòng)詞形式與wish賓語從句的形式相同。vThey talked as if they _ (be) friends for years.v他們交談著，就好像他們是多年的老朋友一樣。vShe looks as if she would cry. 她看起來好像要哭了。vShe talks about literacture as if she _knew_ (know) everything.vHe speaks Ch

13、inese as fluently as if he _ a Chinese.vA. were B. had been C. is D. has been6. 虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、建議、命令、提議、意愿等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬形式，其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成往往是should+動(dòng)詞原形（should可以省略）vA. 用于表示意愿、建議、命令、提議、請(qǐng)求等動(dòng)詞后的that賓語從句鐘，這類動(dòng)詞有：ask要求，advise建議，arrange安排，beg請(qǐng)求，command命令，decide決定，demand要求，desire渴望，determine決定，insis

14、t堅(jiān)持，intend打算，maintain堅(jiān)持，move建議、動(dòng)員，propose提議，order命令，prefer建議，require需要，request要求，resolve下決心，vrecommend推薦，suggest建議，stipulate約定，規(guī)定，urge強(qiáng)調(diào)，促進(jìn)，vote公認(rèn)，提議，decree頒布（法令），pray請(qǐng)求等。proposalvI propose that we _ (set) a deadline for handing in the plans.v我建議定一個(gè)交計(jì)劃的期限。vHe insisted that we _ (take) up the matter

15、at the meeting.他堅(jiān)持要我們?cè)跁?huì)上談?wù)撨@個(gè)問題。vThe teacher suggested that her students _ experiences in English.vA. write a composition about their vB. to write composition about the vC. wrote some composition of his or hervD. had written any composition for hisB. 用于It is +形容詞或分詞+主語從句中，這類形容詞或分詞有：advisable明智的，decid

16、ed決定的，crucial關(guān)鍵的，appropriate恰當(dāng)?shù)模琩etermined決定的，commanded命令的，arranged安排的，essential緊要的，基本的，complied遵照，anxious焦急的，imperative迫切的，important重要的，desirable合意的，better較好的，更好，insistent堅(jiān)持的，desired想要，asked請(qǐng)求，keen渴望的，insisted堅(jiān)持，necessary必要的，suggested建議，urgent緊迫的，ordered命令，shocked震驚的，vital極其重要的，strange奇怪的，preferabl

17、e好一點(diǎn)，proposed提議，requested要求的，required要求的，recommended推薦，resolved決定的等。vIt is essential that he (should ) be prepared for this.他為此組好準(zhǔn)備是必要的。vIt is requested that Mr. Li _ (give) a performance at the party.有人請(qǐng)求李先生在會(huì)上表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。vIt is important that the TOEFL office _ your registration. A. will confirm B. con

18、firm C. confirms D. must confirm vIt is appropriate that some time _ thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission. A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to C. 用于由表示建議、要求、命令、請(qǐng)示等含義的名詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句和同位語從句中，這類名詞常見的有：advice建議，decision決定，demand要求，desire要求，愿望，insistence堅(jiān)持，motion提議，nece

19、ssity必要性，order命令，preference偏愛，proposal提議，pray懇求，recommendation推薦，request要求，requirement要求，resolution決心，suggestion建議等。vThis is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities _ (make) part of their school life.這是他們的決議：要使得課外活動(dòng)成為學(xué)校生活的一部分。vYour advice that _ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B

20、. she wait C. wait she D. she waited三、含蓄虛擬條件句v含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件，但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句中往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常用來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：1. 介詞或介詞短語，如but for, but that, without, under more favorable condition等。vBut for the leadership of the party, we could not be living happily today.v如果沒有黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，今天我們就不能過上幸福的生

21、活。v=If there were not the leadership of the party, we could not be living happily today.vWithout music, the world would be a dull place.v如果沒有音樂，世界會(huì)很沉悶。vIf there were not the music,1. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for2. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed.v3. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology _. A. will not have