英語(yǔ)專八真題改錯(cuò)含答案.

1、2005 The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1 stock

2、. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncerta

3、inty 4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 5 graduate and professional-school tuition; the poor one's job prospects, 6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,

4、in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students

5、as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salarie

6、s earlierfrom professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give

7、discounts on their best 10 customer.2006 We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a parti

8、cular 2message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5 speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he re

9、cognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7mem

10、ber of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice two most 8common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech or by visual signs (writing. And these are 9among most striking of human achievements. 10

11、2007 From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1 _ _ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2 _ emerging state. It is often said, of course, t

12、hat the language 3 _ _ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4 _ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries 5 _than we find in English. It is true that the absen

13、ceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in6_other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that7such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utt

14、erly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be

15、learnt and that are10wholly conventional.08The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one, and in result language has played a prominent _1_part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate _2_a given language to show that they are distinctive from ano

16、ther _3_race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States _4_split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a _5_different language from those of Britain. There was even one _6_proposal that Americans should ado

17、pt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English _7_and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone _8_knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying w

18、ith the same language as before. _9_Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world _10_that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a commonlanguage.09專八改錯(cuò)原題Proofreading & Error Correction:The previous secti

19、on has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1_ between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2_ has grown up, and has children of t

20、heir own, or even grandchildren. (3_ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4_ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour (5_it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between c

21、hildren ofthe (6_same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7_ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting overand

22、 over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8_ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9_ after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10_2010年專八真題改錯(cuò)原文So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete an

23、d perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are

24、 equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo lan

25、guage (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive is inherently more precise and subtle t han English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. T

26、he English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor m

27、anufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for h

28、orse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?2005 答案

29、解析:1. investing應(yīng)改為invested。這里說(shuō)“投資于”普通股中的捐贈(zèng)金價(jià)值損失慘重,既然是投資,就是指人去投資,即endowments (that wereheavily invested in.括號(hào)內(nèi)的部分是被省略的部分,本句形式上是主動(dòng),實(shí)際意義上為被動(dòng),因此應(yīng)該把investing改為invested,否則邏輯上和語(yǔ)法上都是說(shuō)不通的。2. 在irrespective和fluctuations之間加上介詞of。irrespectiveOf是一固定用法,意指“不論,不管,不顧,”等,如:irrespective Of the cost不惜工本,irrespective of

30、the consequences不顧后果,irrespective of duty status不論職位高低。此處指公司不顧收入的波動(dòng)變化。3. 把those改為that。本句的后半部分主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是大學(xué)里的“看法或觀點(diǎn)”(outlo ok與企業(yè)公司的看法或觀點(diǎn)不一樣,即著眼點(diǎn)在于對(duì)兩種不同團(tuán)體看法的對(duì)比。既然前面用的是單數(shù)形式,后面也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,基本語(yǔ)法規(guī)則是前后應(yīng)一致,本句為代詞those的誤用,所以應(yīng)把those改為that。4.在fact和economic之間力口上關(guān)系代詞that。這是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從語(yǔ),that在同位語(yǔ)從句中是不能省略的,否則就很可能出現(xiàn)意思所指不清的麻煩,所以此處必須

31、加上關(guān)系代詞that。5.把定冠詞the去掉。定冠詞與一名詞連用,表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或物或機(jī)構(gòu)等,而此處的in the school,一則意思不清,二則可能指在某人正在某個(gè)具體學(xué)校做某事。這一層意思與本文上下文不相吻合。比較之下,in school是一固定說(shuō)法,表示“在上學(xué)或求學(xué)”、“在校讀書(shū)”正符合本文上下文的意思。因此應(yīng)把定冠詞去掉。6.把形容詞poor改為其比較級(jí)poorer。這句中的poor與后面的more形成一對(duì)比較關(guān)系,表示“越越”,根據(jù)這一思路,我們應(yīng)把形容詞poor改為其比較級(jí)poorer,以表達(dá)一種對(duì)稱關(guān)系。7.在ways和which之間加上一個(gè)介詞in。在ways和wh

32、ich之間加上一個(gè)介詞in,表示in these ways,即指通過(guò)前面提到的這些方法。相似的句子較多,如:Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extra ordinary discovery ofecho-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.(動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音并不是都能當(dāng)作語(yǔ)言,因此我們只好求助于蝙蝠回聲定位的這種非凡的發(fā)展,探究一下語(yǔ)音

33、在何種情況下起著絕對(duì)有用的作用。8.這里應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的lng形式,即eliminating,以便使句型結(jié)構(gòu)與前面的giving(students a governance role保持一致,否則句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都顯得不正確。9.將shorten(縮短;使變短改為reduce或weaken。此處屬于用詞不當(dāng)。應(yīng)將shorten(縮短;使變短改為reduce(使精神垮下來(lái);使身體瘦弱或weaken(使削弱;使衰減,可表示文中所表示的“減弱競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的殘酷性”。10.將to give discounts on改為to give discounts to their best customer。意為實(shí)業(yè)公司給最

34、好的客戶提供優(yōu)惠。而give discount on something則指就某一商品打折扣,顯然與本文的上下文是相悖的。因?yàn)楸疚囊恢痹谟懻摼腿绾伪苊鉃閾屪詈玫纳炊归_(kāi)惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng),為搶好學(xué)生捉供優(yōu)厚獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,與公司為搶客源,給最好的客戶提供優(yōu)惠道理是一樣的。所以應(yīng)做上述改動(dòng)。2006 1. agreeing-agreed2. 加these/ those 在words前3. in his disposal- at his disposal4.enables-enable5.the other English speakers-other English speakers6.old-older7.s

35、een-understood/ perceived/ comprehended8.take it for granted- take for granted9.or-and10. 加the 在most 前2007 (1an d or(2 show showing(3去掉the(4and but_(5 large lager_(6 in on_(7 return response_(8 去掉on(9 _a_(10 these those_2008 1. in result 改成in fact,2 moves改成movements.3 distinctive改成distinct或different

36、4 At改成When5 by 改成with6 those改成that7 刪除on,8 At 改成In9 carrying with 改成carrying on with10 Since 改成For09 answer(1illustrate改為illustrated(與前文的shown保持一致(2 the 改為a (此次應(yīng)該用不定冠詞表示泛指(3their改為his(代詞與前文a little listener在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致(4something 改為anything(這里anything from.to.表示大約在.之間(5therefore改為however (根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系(6 i

37、n the general去掉the (習(xí)慣用法in general 表示總的來(lái)說(shuō),一般不用冠詞(7 currently 改為current (這里起的是表語(yǔ)的作用,需要形容詞而不是副詞(8 it has passed改為it has been passed (主動(dòng)改為被動(dòng),與前文保持一致(9 live 改為alive (live作形容詞講為“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的”意思,這樣顯示需要用alive(10 to let alone改為let alone (let alone 為習(xí)慣搭配,意思是“更不2010年專八真題改錯(cuò)參考答案1 be后插入as;2 their改為its;3 There改為It;4 Whe

38、reas改為But5 further 改為much6 come改為bring;7 similar改為different;8 will改為would;9 as important去掉as; 10 the part 去掉the2004改錯(cuò)One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special

39、committees set for a specific (1_purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2_Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andoff

40、icials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3_groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4_and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5_There are important corollaries to the investigative

41、power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6_committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7_widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8_to inform the citizenry and to arouse public

42、 interests in national issues.(9_Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10_1.答案: special committees or special committees【詳細(xì)解答】多項(xiàng)并列用句

43、型either.or.or。2.答案:consisted consisting【詳細(xì)解答】consist of 意思是“由.構(gòu)成”,故該處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)。3.答案:in on【詳細(xì)解答】固定搭配on .occasions4.答案:rely rely on【詳細(xì)解答】固定搭配rely on sb. to do something5.答案:make out make【詳細(xì)解答】make out 意思是“辨認(rèn)出”,而此處意思是“對(duì).做詳細(xì)的研究”,故用“make detailed studies of.” 即可。6.答案:its their【詳細(xì)解答】此處指代的是“investigations”,

44、 故用復(fù)數(shù)。7.答案: public the public【詳細(xì)解答】the +adj. 可表示某一類人,此處意思是“面向公眾”,故應(yīng)用“the public”。8.答案:nevertheless therefore (thus【詳細(xì)解答】此處不是表示意思的轉(zhuǎn)折,而是與前文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,故可改為therefore 或thus。9.答案:citizenry citizens【詳細(xì)解答】citizenry 為集體名詞,意為“全體公民”,且為舊用法;citizens指公民,強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的群體。10.答案:these those【詳細(xì)解答】those 指代witnesses , 即指代名詞復(fù)數(shù)做定語(yǔ)從句的

45、先行詞,而these不行2003改錯(cuò)Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1_years of a stead

46、y decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young (2_adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3_but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married

47、at a high rate (4_and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5_Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6_formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7_divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than d

48、id that of couples who married in earlier as well (8_as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9_distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10_Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the

49、role of breadwinner andhomemaker was not abandoned.1. 答案:heighthigh【詳細(xì)解答】height為不可數(shù)名詞,意為“高度,身高,海拔,頂點(diǎn)”等,故此處應(yīng)改為可數(shù)名詞high。2.答案:a【詳細(xì)解答】此處steady decline指穩(wěn)定下降的行為、過(guò)程而不是其結(jié)果,為不可數(shù)名詞,故應(yīng)去掉定冠詞a。3.答案:wenton【詳細(xì)解答】go on為固定搭配,意為“持續(xù)”。4.答案:highhigher【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文,此處應(yīng)為比較級(jí)。5.答案:EuropeEuropean【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文,此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞count

50、erparts。6.答案:more【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知,more與equally矛盾,故應(yīng)去掉。7.答案:neverthelessalso【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知,此處講的內(nèi)容與前部分內(nèi)容之間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。8.答案:thatthose【詳細(xì)解答】由上下文可知,此處所指代的應(yīng)為前面復(fù)數(shù)形式的marriages,故指示代詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。9.答案:SinceAlthough(或While【詳細(xì)解答】從邏輯上講,此處應(yīng)表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系,而非因果關(guān)系。10.答案:into【詳細(xì)解答】to.extent為固定搭配,意為“到程度”2002改錯(cuò)There are great impedimen

51、ts to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography. One is the fact that pronunciation is learntnaturally and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1._deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives qui

52、te unconscious with what our 2._ speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3._shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4._voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We begin the 5._natural learning of

53、pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6._ imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7._ learning even our difficult English spelling. This isnatura

54、l, 8._therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community and giving a senseof 9._'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a stranger,someone who speaks with an accent of a different co

55、mmunity-perhaps only a few miles far. 10._答案與詳解1.答案:andwhile 【詳細(xì)解答】前半句意為“發(fā)音是在無(wú)意識(shí)之中學(xué)成的”,后半句意為“拼寫(xiě)是有意識(shí)地學(xué)成的”,它們之間是轉(zhuǎn)折而不是并列關(guān)系,故應(yīng)該用連詞while來(lái)連接。2.答案:withof【詳細(xì)解答】be unconscious of是固定搭配,意為“無(wú)意識(shí)地,未意識(shí)到”。即“我們之中很多人一輩子都不知道自己的話聽(tīng)起來(lái)是什么樣的”。3.答案:speakout【詳細(xì)解答】speak out意為“大膽地說(shuō)出”,在這里句意不通。在speak out中加上it,指代前面的speech,意為“當(dāng)我們說(shuō)

56、出話后,自己聽(tīng)起來(lái)像什么”。4.答案:firstlyfirst【詳細(xì)解答】firstly表示順序中的“第一”,first則表示時(shí)間上的“第一次,首次”。這里是說(shuō)“當(dāng)我們第一次聽(tīng)到自己的錄音時(shí),通常會(huì)震驚”。故應(yīng)將firstly改為first才合乎句意。5.答案:whichthat【詳細(xì)解答】在定語(yǔ)從句中,如果先行詞是代詞something,everything,nothing,little,few 等時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用that而不是which,故此處應(yīng)將which改為that。6.答案:wentgo 【詳細(xì)解答】本文通篇用的都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以此處也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),使上下文保持時(shí)態(tài)一致。7.答案:

57、per或every【詳細(xì)解答】per和every都是“每”的意思,在此屬重復(fù)錯(cuò)誤,故將兩者去掉一個(gè)即可。8.答案:ThisIt【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),句中缺少一形式主語(yǔ),而作形式主語(yǔ)的只能是代詞it,this是“這”的意思,不能用做形式主語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)將this改為it。9.答案:communitytogether【詳細(xì)解答】hold意為“抓住,占據(jù),包含”。此處想表達(dá)的意思是“語(yǔ)言用作使社區(qū)具有凝聚力、給人歸屬感的一種方式”,用hold a community不能表達(dá)此意;hold sth.together表示“使結(jié)合在一起不破,使團(tuán)結(jié)一致”的意思,符合句意。10.答案:faraway【詳細(xì)解答】要表達(dá)距離上的遠(yuǎn)近,在英語(yǔ)中通常用副詞away。far表示“遠(yuǎn),從(到很遠(yuǎn)距離”,不合句意。2001改錯(cuò)During the