[英語學習]發(fā)動機英文及翻譯

1、.Motor vehicle suspension on the vehicle suspension system is a very important system. Not only does it affect the comfort of the car (ride), but also to other properties such as the adoption, as well as the stability of the attachment have a significant impact on performance, each of the suspension

2、 by the elastic components (buffers), body-oriented (from Chuan And stabilizing role), as well as shock absorbers (from the role of shock absorption). However, not all of the suspension must have three components. As long as we can play to the role of the three. Vehicle maintenance for the conservat

3、ion network 1, flying the classification 1. Non-independent suspension: on both sides of the wheel mounted on a total-vehicle-bridge, the train-bridge to fly through the frame and connected. This suspension structure is simple and reliable power-but by two rounds of shock and vibration affecting eac

4、h other. But also because of the quality of flying non-serious suspension of the poor performance of the buffer, the vibration of a moving car, the greater the impact. The suspension generally used for trucks, buses and a number of other ordinary vehicles. (2) independent suspension: each individual

5、 through a set of wheels mounted on the body or suspension of vehicular bridge, the use of off-Axle, in the middle of a fixed frame or body; such wheel on both sides of the suspension by the shock Hubuyingxiang, but due to non-flying than by the quality; buffer with a strong shock absorption capacit

6、y, ride comfort. The indicators are better than non-independent suspension, but the complex structure of the suspension, but it also drive axle, steering system has become complicated. The use of such suspension of the following two categories of vehicles. Cars, buses and passenger vehicles. Can be

7、improved ride comfort, and high speed when driving the car to improve stability. Off-road vehicles, military vehicles and mining vehicles. In a bad way and have no say under the circumstances, we can make sure all the wheels on the ground and contacts to enhance stability and driving the car attache

8、d, to play a speed of the car. 2.Flexible yuan for the type of (1) of the leaf spring: the long-range multi-chip and curvature ranging from the composite plate. After installed at both ends of the natural upward curve. In addition to the leaf spring with a buffer, there is a certain degree of shock

9、absorption, vertical layout also has a force-oriented, non-independent suspension using most of the leaf spring so flexible components, save-oriented devices and shock absorbers, simple structure . (2) of the coil spring: only a cushion for the multi-car independent suspension. In the absence of dam

10、ping force and mass functions must also be equipped with special shock absorbers and device-oriented. (3) oil and gas spring: a flexible medium as a gas, liquid as a medium-power, which not only has a good buffer capacity, also has a role in shock absorption and at the same time frame of a high degr

11、ee of regulation may also be applicable to the use of heavy vehicles and buses. (4), torsion bar springs; will be made under the torsion bar springs fixed at one end of the frame, on the other side through the arm and connected to the wheels, and beat at wheel torsion bar the use of reverse deformat

12、ion played the role of buffer, is suitable for independent The use of suspension. 3. the use of shock absorber tube shock absorbers, the use of oil in the small role to cut energy consumption vibration. Shock absorber and the upper body frame or connected with the lower end of the train-bridge conne

13、cted. Most of the trip can be done and the compression of the dual role of the role of shock absorber.4.device-oriented: the flexibility in the independent suspension components, most of them can only transfer the vertical loads and can not transmit vertical and horizontal, must be a separate device

14、-oriented. As noted, under the arm and vertical, horizontal stabilizer, and so on. 5. non-independent suspension: before and after the truckswere non-independent suspension bridge, some vehicles such as buses and cars and so on, after the bridge is also a non-independent suspension. Each car of the

15、sedan chair by hoisting two independent non-vertical arrangement of the composition of the leaf spring. Leaf spring fixed in the middle of the train-bridge, with the front end hinged frame or body, the back-end with the frame or body through the ear hanging hinged or connected to use of skateboards.

16、 Top of the frame with a shock absorber then, with the lower end of the next school Axle. The truck rear axle and more without shock absorbers.6. many types of independent suspension, coil spring as the use of flexible components. Torsion bar springs for the independent suspension is also divided in

17、to vertical and horizontal torsion torque Cup two-under. Although many of the advantages of an independent suspension, but the car would turn the system, the Department of driving and driving more complicated structure of the bridge.Keywords: structure of the engine engine performance merits of a di

18、rect impact on the performance of motor vehicles. First, the use of fuel by the different categories according to engine fuel, gasoline engine and the engine is divided into two major categories of diesel engines.1 .network Motor conservation maintenance, gasoline engine small size, light weight, lo

19、w prices; good start, when the maximum power of high-speed;work in a small vibration and noise; suitable for small and medium-sized car in particular, the use of high-speed car.Gasoline deflagration due to the restrictions can not be too high compression ratio, thermal efficiency and economy are not

20、, such as diesel. Gasoline is a mixture of the main gas pipeline in the form over into the cylinder, compressed by the end of close to the spark plugs fire. The driver to speed up the adoption of the control pedal into the cylinder of the gas mixture to control the load on the engine, known as the v

21、olume of regulation. Gasoline engines fuel supply system and ignition system is a gasoline engine failure on the part of a higher proportion. Gasoline engine emissions of harmful material composition of carbon monoxide, carbon compounds and nitrogen oxides than diesel, and so on, but with the curren

22、t electronically controlled fuel injection system and other exhaust gas purification devices, which have greatly improved. In addition, the gasoline engines torque characteristics are very suitable for automotive use, can significantly reduce the labor intensity of the driver.2. diesel and gasoline

23、engine, diesel engine size, weight, high prices, poor start (especially when the low temperature); work more vibration and noise; easy to overload when the black smoke. Diesel is characterized by: 1) the absence of the deflagration, as well as restrictions on the needs of the spontaneous combustion

24、of diesel, diesel engine compression ratio high. Thermal efficiency and economy must be better than the gasoline engine. 2) the same power, the diesel engines torque, maximum power at the time of low speed, suitable for the use of the truck. 3) is a mixture of diesel engine cylinder internal form, n

25、o inlet throttle, the intake of small resistance. The driver to speed up the adoption of fuel injection control board, to change the engine load, known as the regulation of quality, as there is no problem of hypoxia, emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide content of less than gasoline.4) In t

26、he absence of the ignition system, as well as fuel supply device failure rate low. Therefore, failure to less than diesel gasoline engine. 5) diesel engine torque characteristics are not suitable for car driving cycle needs, moving the stalls to use frequently, an increase of pilot labor intensity.

27、The main diesel engine for use in medium and heavy vehicles. Second, the number of engine cylinder and arrangement of the engine cylinder displacement equal to the volume of work and. Increase in the number of cylinder engine will not only increase capacity, improve the engine output power, but also

28、 to enable the smooth operation of the engine to reduce noise and vibration. Hyundai Motor have adopted multi-cylinder engine. Mini-car for more than 3-cylinder engine, small trucks, passenger cars and medium-sized following for more than 4-cylinder engine; medium-sized trucks, large cars and buses

29、for more than 6-cylinder engine; Heavy-Duty Truck General of 6-8 cylinder. 6-cylinder engine under a single row multi-cylinder in-line mode; 8-cylinder V-type engines for alignment; some of the cars in order to reduce engine height, length shortened, using V6, V8-type arrangement. Mini-car use of 3-

30、cylinder engine, most oblique way. In-line engine structure is simple and cheap. The disadvantage is that a high degree of the engine higher longer length.Is more a way. V-type engines with low height, short length, but the structure of the complex, more expensive price, suitable for large-scale eng

31、ine. Water-cooled engine block using the whole cast. Small engines used aluminum alloy materials, large-scale multi-engine for the cast iron. Cylinder head bolts used in a fixed block on the plane, in addition to constitute a closed cylinder combustion room, into the exhaust, valves are installed, a

32、nd spark plug valve, and so on. Third, the gasoline engines fuel supply 1, the fuel-supply system carburetor gasoline engine fuel supply line into carburetor and fuel-injection two major categories of carburetor main oil installations operating principle is: the work of the engine when the outside a

33、ir In the cylinder under the suction air filter to filter through into the cylinder. When the air flow through the pipe section due to the smaller increase in the velocity and pressure led to the decline in a certain vacuum. Float on the interior of gasoline in the vacuum from the role of the main i

34、nlet into the spray nozzle, the gas emitted by high-speed air currents disperse into mist, known as fogging. And then to oil and oil-film evaporation space in the form of evaporation, and the airway had mixed into the air mixture into the cylinder. In order to achieve the economy, the main oil loadi

35、ng also uses the air brake. The main nozzle at the indoor air, and along with a few scheduled to open around the through-hole and air the same room. When the throttle opening gradually increases, the air hole gradually connected with the air. Not only reduces the vacuum so that the mixture-thinning,

36、 the main air nozzle is also beneficial to the atomization of gasoline. 2. electronically controlled fuel injection fuel-supply system carburetor fuel-supply device structure is simple, reliable, cheap, easy maintenance. But the biggest drawback is that it can not be precisely controlled mixture of

37、concentration, resulting in incomplete combustion, emissions of harmful ingredients, do not meet the stringent requirements of environmental protection today. In addition, due to the existence of the pipe so that the air resistance increases. There is also the cylinder uneven distribution of gasolin

38、e and easy to produce and Qizu ice and so on. In order to solve these problems, 80 electronically controlled fuel injection system in the car engine on a wide range of applications more and more.electronically controlled fuel injection system advantages: electronically controlled fuel injection syst

39、em (referred to as English EFI) has the following advantages:1. no matter under what conditions and in what conditions the engine can accurately control the mixture of concentration, To make gasoline burn completely full. This greatly reduces the emission of harmful components of content, also has a

40、n excellent combustion engine of the economy. 2. can supply, ignition temperature, such as centralized control, so that the work of the engine performance, increased engine power output, lower fuel consumption. 3. the engine can always operate in a stable condition in a variety of conditions so that

41、 all car drivers in accordance with the requirements of normal traffic. 4. In the absence of pipes, a small air resistance. At the same time, difficult to produce Qizu, to the distribution of gas cylinder uniform, and so on. The shortcomings of the fuel injection system is the high cost structure of

42、 the complex and difficult to repair, and so on. electronically controlled fuel injection system of classification: 1) by way of testing the air quality into the way traffic density and speed of the way the two categories. 2) by way of fuel injection, the following two categories. According to the l

43、ocation of the jet, into intake manifold junction (SPI) and the jet intake manifold Department (MPI) are two jet, respectively, also known as single-point and multi-point injection jet. MPI is currently widely used in the way.MPI is currently widely used in the way. Department of gasoline ignition g

44、asoline engine ignition system are generally three categories: contact-type ignition system, electronic ignition system, computer-controlled ignition system.車輛懸架系統(tǒng)中的機動車輛懸架系統(tǒng)是一種非常重要的系統(tǒng)。它不僅對乘坐汽車的舒適度有影響，而且對附件的穩(wěn)定性等其他性能有著顯著的影響。每個懸掛的彈性元件(彈簧),是車架(起穩(wěn)定作用)， 以及減振器的角色(減震)組成然而,并非所有的懸架必須有三個組成部分。只要我們能發(fā)揮三個作用。汽車的維護，

45、懸架分類：一 非獨立懸架：兩側(cè)車輪安裝在一根整體式車橋上，車輪連同車橋一起通過框架與車身相連。但這種懸架結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，可靠，制造方便，而是由兩個輪沖擊和振動輪互相影響。在載重汽車上被廣泛應用。 但減震器的表現(xiàn)不佳，汽車行進中的震動越大，影響越嚴重，所以這種懸掛通常被用在卡車、客車和其他的普通車輛。 獨立懸架:每個元件通過兩側(cè)車輪安裝或懸掛在車架上，并且采用斷開式車橋。安裝了這種減震系統(tǒng)的車輪不易失重飛起，具有強大減震能力的緩沖器更是提供了舒適的乘駕感受。若一側(cè)車輪相對于車架(或車身)的位置發(fā)生變化時，另一側(cè)車輪不受影響。這種懸架結(jié)構(gòu)復雜，且車身的平穩(wěn)性和高速行駛的穩(wěn)定性較好，因此在轎車和小客車上得

46、到普遍采用。以上指標均優(yōu)于非獨立懸架，但是懸架的結(jié)構(gòu)越復雜，驅(qū)動橋和轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)也就越復雜。使用這種懸架的交通工有以下兩種：1汽車和客車等客運車輛：可以提高乘駕舒適度，并且當高速駕駛時能提高穩(wěn)定性。2Off-road vehicles, military vehicles and mining vehicles.越野車，軍用車和采礦車。 In a bad way and have no say under the circumstances, we can make sure all the wheels on the ground and contacts to enhance stabilit

47、y and driving the car attached, to play a speed of the car.在路況不佳時，可以確保所有的車輪接觸地面并提高穩(wěn)定性，避免汽車起伏，發(fā)揮出汽車的速度。二.彈性元件類型：1 鋼板彈簧：它是由若干片長方形的鋼板組合成的復合板，呈彎曲形。安裝在自然向上的曲線兩端。此外,鋼板彈簧通過減震器起到某種程度的減震、傳遞垂直載荷的作用。在非獨立懸架和導向機構(gòu)中，也使用鋼板彈簧這種彈性元件和減震器這樣簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)。2螺旋彈簧；只為多汽車獨立懸架緩沖，在缺少阻尼力和質(zhì)量職能的情況下，還必須具備特殊的減震器和導向裝置。 3油氣彈簧: 使用油液和高壓氣體作為彈性材料

48、，不僅有很好的減震能力，可以吸收沖擊。在同樣情況下能夠提供更好的調(diào)節(jié)作用，適用于重型車輛和客車。4扭桿彈簧：汽車車架與車輪用扭桿彈簧，其一端固定在車架上而另一端與車輪連接，車輪上下跳動時扭桿產(chǎn)生扭轉(zhuǎn)變形，靠扭轉(zhuǎn)彈力來吸收振動能量適合獨立懸架系統(tǒng)。三.減震器減震筒的使用，油的使用可以切斷震動造成的能里損耗。減震器上端與車底架相連，下端與車橋相連。減震器在大部分的行程可以起到壓縮的雙重作用四.導向機構(gòu)：獨立懸架的彈性元件，大多數(shù)只能傳遞垂直載荷，并不能傳遞水平載荷，必須是分離的導向機構(gòu)。如上所述，在力臂和垂直和水平穩(wěn)定器等。五.非獨立懸架：非獨立懸架位于卡車的前部和后部，像客車，汽車等一些車輛的后

49、橋也是非獨立懸架。每個轎車均由兩個獨立的非垂直的鋼板彈簧構(gòu)成。鋼板彈簧固定在車橋中間,其前后端車架或車身通過耳朵懸鉸鏈或使用滑板連接的。上面的框架用減振器的下端連接軸。車后橋一般無減震器。六 .螺旋彈簧作為彈性元件被用在多種類型的獨立懸架。 扭桿彈簧Torsion bar springs for the independent suspension is also divided into vertical and horizontal torsion torque Cup two-under.為獨立懸架分成縱向和橫向扭力矩杯兩桿。 Although many of the advantage

50、s of an independent suspension, but the car would turn the system, the Department of driving and driving more complicated structure of the bridge.雖然獨立懸架具有許多優(yōu)點，但汽車將會通過更復雜的橋結(jié)構(gòu)改進系統(tǒng)，驅(qū)動和駕駛。 關鍵詞：發(fā)動機的結(jié)構(gòu) 發(fā)動機的性能對機動車輛的性能有著直接的影響。首先，燃料使用不同類別根據(jù)發(fā)動機的燃料，分為汽油發(fā)動機和柴油發(fā)動機。1 網(wǎng)絡汽車養(yǎng)護維修，汽油發(fā)動機體積小，重量輕，價格低；當最大速度運行是，啟動好；運行時震動小，

51、噪音小，適合小型和中型汽車，尤其是高速車。由于爆燃的限制，汽油機不可以有過高的壓縮比，熱效率，而且不如柴油經(jīng)濟。汽油是一種進入氣缸中的主要氣體管道的混合物，在壓縮到接近底部的火花塞時點火。駕駛者加速踩油門時混合氣體進入氣缸來控制發(fā)動機的負載，這是常規(guī)。汽油發(fā)動機的燃料供給系統(tǒng)和點火系統(tǒng)是發(fā)生汽油發(fā)動機故障的比例較高的一部分。雖然汽油發(fā)動機比柴油排放更多的一氧化碳，碳化合物和氮氧化物等有害物質(zhì)成分，但是,現(xiàn)在的電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)和其他廢氣凈化裝置卻有了很大的改善。但與目前的電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)和其他尾氣凈化裝置，極大地改善。此外，汽油發(fā)動機的扭矩特性非常適用于汽車，可以大大降低司機的勞動強度。2柴油發(fā)

52、動機和汽油發(fā)動機，柴油發(fā)動機的大小，重量，價格高，啟動差（尤其是低溫時），運行時震動和噪音大; 有黑煙，容易超負荷。柴油發(fā)動機機的特點是：1） 沒有爆燃的限制，但柴油需要自燃，所以柴油發(fā)動機壓縮比很高。 Thermal efficiency and economy must be better than the gasoline engine.熱效率和經(jīng)濟性比汽油發(fā)動機更好。2）柴油發(fā)動機適用于卡車，因為同樣的功率，扭矩大，最大功率也大。3）柴油發(fā)動機汽缸內(nèi)的內(nèi)部是的混合物，沒有進油門，小阻力的進氣管。 司機The driver to speed up the adoption of fuel

53、 injection control board, to change the engine load, known as the regulation of quality, as there is no problem of hypoxia, emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide content of less than gasoline.司機加快采用燃油噴射控制板，通過改變發(fā)動機負荷，作為規(guī)管的質(zhì)量，因為不存在缺氧問題，碳氫化合物和一氧化碳的排放量低于汽油。4）由于沒有點火系統(tǒng)，燃料供應設備故障率低。 Therefore, failu

54、re to less than diesel gasoline engine.因此，不低于汽油發(fā)動機。5）柴油發(fā)動機扭矩特性并不適用于汽車駕駛循環(huán)的需求，移動的攤位，經(jīng)常使用，是適合飛行員勞動強度的增加。主要適用于中型和重型車輛。第二，發(fā)動機缸體及發(fā)動機缸體位移量相等的工作。因此，增加汽缸發(fā)動機的數(shù)量，不僅能增加容量，提高發(fā)動機輸出功率，而且能夠使發(fā)動機順利運作，以減少噪音和振動。現(xiàn)代汽車公司已采用多缸發(fā)動機。微型車超過3缸發(fā)動機，小卡車，客車和中型以下超過4缸發(fā)動機;中型卡車，大型轎車和客車超過6缸發(fā)動機;重型卡車一般6-8缸。6缸下單列多缸模式下，8缸V型直列發(fā)動機，有些的汽車，為減少發(fā)動

55、機的高度，將長度縮短，安裝使用V6發(fā)動機，V8發(fā)動機類型。微型汽車使用3缸發(fā)動機，大多是傾斜的。 In-line engine structure is simple and cheap.在直列發(fā)動機結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，便宜。 The disadvantage is that a high degree of the engine higher longer length.缺點是，發(fā)動機的高度更高，長度更長。更是一個方式。 V-type engines with low height, short length, but the structure of the complex, more expens

56、ive price, suitable for large-scale engine.V型發(fā)動機高度低，長度短，但其結(jié)構(gòu)復雜，價格更昂貴，適用于大型發(fā)動機。 Water-cooled engine block using the whole cast.水冷式發(fā)動機缸體采用整體鑄造。小型發(fā)動機采用鋁合金材料，而大型發(fā)動機多采用鑄鐵材料。 Cylinder head bolts used in a fixed block on the plane, in addition to constitute a closed cylinder combustion room, into the exhau

57、st, valves are installed, and spark plug valve, and so on.氣缸蓋螺栓是用在飛機上的固定塊，除了構(gòu)成一個封閉的汽缸燃燒室，進入排氣管，閥門和火花塞等。第三，汽油發(fā)動機的燃料供應1，燃料供應系統(tǒng)汽化器汽油發(fā)動機燃料進入汽化器和燃油噴射器兩種主要設備工作原理：發(fā)動機工作時，外界空氣被吸入空氣過濾器，通過過濾器進入氣缸。當空氣流過管道部分由于較小的增長速度及壓力的減少導致了真空。 Float on the interior of gasoline in the vacuum from the role of the main inlet into the spray nozzle, the gas emitted by high-speed air currents disperse into mist, known as fogging.真空室內(nèi)的汽油從主入口浮到噴嘴后，氣體排放的高速氣流分散成霧。And then to oil and oil-film evaporation