初中英語知識歸納總結(jié)大全

1、初中英語知識歸納總結(jié)大全第一課時名詞一、概述1、名詞的屬性：表示人或事物的名稱抽象概念的詞叫名詞。2、名詞分普通名詞和專有名詞。普通名詞是表示某一類人或事物，或某種物體或抽象概念的名稱。如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等，專有名詞表示某一特定的人、事物、地方團體、黨派、國家機關(guān)、語言、節(jié)日等專用的名稱。（運用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。（專有名詞的第一個字母要大寫）二、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞1、可數(shù)名詞是指表示人或事物，可以用數(shù)來計量的名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。如：glas

2、s-glasses; book- books2、不可數(shù)名詞是指所表示的事物不能用數(shù)來計量。如：paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。3、有些名詞在特定情況下由不可數(shù)變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞。Light travels faster than sound; (light：光線，不可數(shù))The lights are on.(light：燈，可數(shù))4、不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示不可數(shù)名詞一般無法用數(shù)來計算，前面不能用a或an或數(shù)詞來表示數(shù)量，它的量往往借助于容器來表示。如：a glass of milk - four glasses of milka piece of paper-

3、two pieces of papera bag of rice-three bags of rice三、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式（識記、運用）1、可數(shù)名詞在應(yīng)用時有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化情 況變化形式例詞一般情況加-sgirls; books;以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞加-esclasses; boxes; watches;brushes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i, 加escity-cities; baby-babies以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f,fe為v, 加esknife-knives; leaf-leaves以O(shè)結(jié)尾的名詞pot

4、atoes; tomatoes；photos; kilos; bamboos; radios2、少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的變化形式policeman-policemen; man-men; woman-women;tooth-teeth; foot-feet; sheep-sheep; deer-deer;Japanese- Japanese; Chinese - Chinese; fish - fish四、名詞所有格（運用）名詞的所有格是表示所有關(guān)系的形式，它也有構(gòu)成上的變化。1、單數(shù)名詞變所有格，只需在詞尾加 s;2、復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞尾已有s，只需加 即可；3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞的詞尾若沒有

5、s，則應(yīng)加 s ;4、如果表示某人或物為兩人所共有，則在第二個人后面加 s ;如：Da Mao and Xiao Maos room如果不是兩人共有，則在每個人后面都加 s;如：Li Leis and Toms mother5、名詞所有格結(jié)構(gòu)通常用于表示有生命的名詞，或表示時間、距離、地點等，而表示無生命名詞的所有關(guān)系則用“of”表示。如: the windows of house the picture of the familyof 結(jié)構(gòu)也能用于有生命名詞的所有格。a friend of my sisters a book of his第二課時冠詞（一）一、概述冠詞是一種虛詞，在

6、句子中不重讀，本身不能獨立使用。在漢語中沒有這個詞類。在學(xué)習(xí)冠詞時，要注意這種加在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物的詞表示數(shù)量“一”時，與數(shù)詞的區(qū)別；其表示“數(shù)量”的意義沒有“one”強，這是學(xué)習(xí)中注意區(qū)別的。二、冠詞的定義冠詞是置于名詞之前，說明名詞所表示的人或事物的一種虛詞，它不能離開名詞而單獨存在。冠詞有兩種：一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article)；the一種是不定冠詞(the Indefinite Article). a an三、不定冠詞的用法a用于輔音音素起首的單詞前，an用于元音音素起首的單詞前。1、當?shù)谝淮翁岬侥橙嘶蚰澄飼r，用a或an起介紹作用，如：What i

7、s this? It is a bus.Who is she?She is a doctor.2、表示泛指一類人或物A snake is a cold-blood animal.A plane is a machine that can fly.3、表示某一類人或事物的任何一個。如：She is a teacher;That is an apple.There is an elephant in the zoo.4、可用于某些詞組，是該詞組不可缺少的組成部分。如：a long timea littlea fewat a timehave a trytake a chance5、表示“

8、每一個”的意思。如：three times a dayfour yuan a dozen6、可用于抽象名詞之前，使抽象名詞具體化。如：I am quite at a loss;The little child is a joy to his parents.7、用于物質(zhì)名詞之前，使物質(zhì)名詞普通化。如：He drew out a tin of pineapple.They made a fire to get warm.注意：1、不定冠詞an用在以元音（不是字母，而是發(fā)音）起首的名詞或其他以元音起首的詞之前，不定冠詞a用在以輔音起首的名詞或其他以輔音起首的詞之前。2、u和h有時在單詞中發(fā)元音，有

9、時卻讀作輔音或不發(fā)音。如：I have been waiting for an hour.He is an honest young fellow.A hammer is a useful fool.3、英語中有些字母，如f h l m n s x。由于它前頭第一個音是元音，所以在單獨使用或作縮略詞的第一個字母時，應(yīng)使用“an”，如：There is an “n” in the word “no”.An MP means a member of parliament.第三課時冠詞（二）一、定冠詞的用法定冠詞the 有this, that, these, those等意思，用于單數(shù)或復(fù)

10、數(shù)名詞前。主要用來特指，使一個或幾個事物區(qū)別于所有其他同名的事物。1、指前文已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。如：I wrote an article. The article was about physics.2、指說話人都知道的人或事物。如：Please close the door before you leave.Lets go to the classroom.3、名詞有定語修飾時，須用定冠詞the,表示特指意義。如：The book on the desk is his.The teacher who talked with you is her mother.4、用于世界上獨一無二的事物前

11、。如：the sunthe moonthe earththe skythe world5、用在序數(shù)詞前面表示順序。如：I live on the fourth floor.My mother is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.6、與其他詞連用，構(gòu)成固定詞組。如：on the leftin the northin the front of7、在表示樂器名稱的名詞之前用定冠詞。如：the pianothe violin8、用在形容詞或副詞的最高級前面。如：This was the most interesting v

12、oyage we had ever had.He is the tallest of us.9、用在形容詞前面，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的某一類人或事物。如：the richthe poorthe youngthe livingthe newthe rightthe truethe beautiful10、在表示江河、山脈、海灣、海峽、沙漠等專用名詞之前加定冠詞。如：the Changjiang Riverthe Nilethe Alpsthe Himalayas11、用在年代、朝代、時代名詞前。如：the Qin Dynastythe Ming Dynastyin the 50sthe spring p

13、eriod12、和表示姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用，表示某姓氏一家人或夫婦二人。如：the Listhe Martins二、不用冠詞的情況1、除一些特殊情況外，專用名詞以及抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前不加冠詞。如：Man is mortal.Miss Smith came in power at last.2、當名詞前已有this, that, my, his, any, every, some, no, those, these等詞修飾時或有所有格修飾時，不必加冠詞。如：She is my sister.This article you had written is very wonderful.3、在交

14、通工具、學(xué)科名稱等名詞前不加冠詞。如：by planeby boatChinesePhysics4、在節(jié)日、假日、星期、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前不加冠詞。如：National DayMay DayAutumnJanuary5、在一日三餐、體育類等名詞前不加冠詞。如：He prefers milk and egg for breakfast.He preferred to play football and Id rather play tennis.6、在唯一的職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞前不加冠詞。如：He is elected manager of our company.People elected hi

15、m president of that country last year.7、在報紙標題、圖像說明、文章題目、標志、廣告前不加冠詞。如：Workers MindNotes on the Study of Hong Lou Meng8、在一些固定詞組中不加冠詞。如：at homeby mistakelearn by heartat firstat lastat onceby seaday and night第四課時代詞（一）一、概述代詞是用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞。代詞的分類：人稱代詞：表示“我”、“我們”、“你”“你們”、“他、她、它”、“他們”的詞叫人稱代詞；物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，

16、分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞；反身代詞：表示動作反射到執(zhí)行者本身或用來加強語氣的代詞；指示代詞：表示能替代名詞或替代形容詞的詞；不定代詞：表示不指明替代任何特定名詞的代詞。疑問代詞：表示替代人或物且含有疑問語氣的代詞。二、人稱代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iweyouyouhe, she, itthey賓格meusyouyouhim, her,itthem人稱代詞在句中可作主語、賓語、表語。1、主格在句中作主語，賓格在句中作賓語。She gave these books to you and me;You must look after them;2

17、、當并列代詞作主語時，I放在最后。順序為你，他，我You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.三、物主代詞物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種，有人稱和數(shù)不清變化形式。第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性myouryouryourhis, her, itstheir名詞性mineoursyoursyourshis, hers,itstheirs形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語修飾名詞，如：my watch; your books ; their names;名詞性物主代詞在句中可單獨作

18、用，可作主語、賓語和表語，后面不跟名詞，英語中說：“我的一位朋友”，要用“a friend of mine”。有些結(jié)構(gòu)中常用the 替代物主代詞He had a cold in the head.（the意思是his）My mother took me by the arm.（the意思是her）四、反身代詞單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself; herself; itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代詞在句中可以加強語氣，用作賓語和同位語。He himself has finished it .（作同位語）He has

19、taught himself Russian for 5 years .（作賓語）I did it mysldf.（加強語氣）某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：by oneself; fo oneself; among themselvesThey made the machine all by themselves.He cooked a meal for himself.第五課時代詞（二）一、指示代詞指示代詞有：this; that; these; thosethis, these 表示“這”、“這些”，是“近指”。that, those表示“那”、“那些”，是“遠指”。注意：在電話用語里面，用th

20、is代替自己，that代替對方。如：whos that? This is Tom speaking二、不定代詞英語中有以下不定代詞：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many, much, other, another, some, any, no還有由some, any , no every構(gòu)成的代詞。1）both, allboth 是指“兩者都”，而all則是指“三者或三者以上都”，如：Both of us are right.All of you a

21、re good at playing basketball.但all 還可以組成固定短語 all day, all this, all the time等2) either, neithereither 是指“兩者之中任何一個“屬于部分否定，而neither則是“兩者之中一個也不“屬全部否定Either of the books will do.Neither of the answers is right.而either還可出現(xiàn)在否定句子里，可與neither進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Tom hasnt been to America, Jim hasnt,

22、either= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.而neither (nor) 也可用于表示“也不”，構(gòu)成“neither (nor) +助動詞+主語”的句式。Kate isnt a worker, neither is Meimei.3) little, a little, few, a fewlittle, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞； few , a few修飾可數(shù)名詞；little, few表示否定，“幾乎沒有”a little, a few表示肯定，相當于some, any.There is a little mi

23、lk in the glass.There are few students in the classroom, theyre in the reading-room.4) every, eachevery, each都是強調(diào)每一個，every 作定語修飾名詞。如：The bus comes every five minutes.Each of them may come at a different time.5) some , any6) 由some, any, no, every組成的不定代詞something, someone, somebody, somewher

24、e, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, everything,everyone, everybody, everywhere.三、疑問代詞疑問代詞用來構(gòu)成疑問句，一共有五個：who, whom, whose, what, which.第六課時數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwentyt

25、hirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetytwenty-onethirty-eightfifty-threea hundreda thousanda milliona billion注意：表示具體數(shù)目的hundren, thousand, million等均不用復(fù)數(shù)，百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間通常加連詞and；十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符。二、序數(shù)詞firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthse

26、venteentheighteenthnineteenthtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethhundredthtwenty-firstninety-nintya hundred and fifty-third序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式：由阿拉伯數(shù)字后加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母。first-1stsecond - 2nd tenth - 10th三、時間和年月日表示法1、時間均用基數(shù)詞表示：1）順讀法，先說“點鐘”，再說“分鐘”，如：2:15 two fifteen 6:20 six twen

27、ty2）逆讀法30分鐘以內(nèi)：“分鐘數(shù)+ past+鐘點數(shù)”，如：3:20 - twenty past three 2:10 - ten past two半小時用half，15分鐘用a quarter :2:15 - a quarter past two 3:30 - half past three30分鐘以外要用：“分鐘數(shù)+ to +下一個鐘點”，如：4:35 - twenty-five to five 2:55 - five to three2）年月日表示法年份讀法；月日讀法；年月日一起讀法。四、分數(shù)的表示法當分數(shù)中表示分子的數(shù)只含個位數(shù)時一般采用“分子（用基數(shù)

28、詞）+分母（用序數(shù)詞）”表示。（分子大于1時，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）如：one-third; two-thirds;three twenty-seconds五、數(shù)詞與名詞的搭配1）數(shù)詞與名詞連用時，它們的次序是“名詞+基數(shù)詞”Lesson 15; Room 1506 或者用“the + 序數(shù)詞 + 名詞”The Fifteenth Lesson the third floor2）數(shù)詞與小時的搭配two hours and a half three hourshalf an hour第七課時形容詞一、概述形容詞修飾名詞，說明人或事物或特征。在句中可作定語、表語、賓語補足語。The

29、 beautiful girl is Toms sister.（充當定語）Three isnothing serious,is there?（充當定語，修飾不定代詞的形容詞及短語要放在不定代詞之后）The shoes in the shop were not very expensive.（作表語）The old arelooked after well.（有些形容詞和定冠詞the連用時，表示一類人或物，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）二、形容詞比較級及最高級的形式1、絕大部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和單音節(jié)形容詞的比較等級變化是規(guī)則變化。情 況變 化 形 式舉 例一般情況在詞尾直接加-er ; -estsmall

30、 - smaller - smallest以e結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加r ; - st ;large - larger - largest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i，加- er; -esthappy- happier- happiest以一個元音字母加一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，而且是重讀閉音節(jié)將該輔音字母雙寫，再加-er ; -estfat fatter fattestthin thinner thinnestbig bigger biggesthot hotter - hottest2、部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞比較級和最高級變化形式在多音節(jié)形容詞前加more或mostbeautiful more beaut

31、iful most beautifuluseful more useful most useful3、不規(guī)則形容詞比較級和最高級形式：good, well better best bad, ill worse worstmany, much more most little less leastfar farther, further farthest, furthest三、形容詞的比較等級的用法1、當A=B時，則用as（副）as（介，連），中間用形容詞或副詞的原級。表示甲與乙在某方面一樣He is as tall as I (me)2、AB，則用not as(so)as&

32、#160;表示甲與乙在某方面不一樣。He is not so tall as I = He is shorter than I =Im taller than heThe boy isnt as careful as that one= This boy isnt as careful than that one3、比較級+than 形式This lesson is more difficult than that oneShe is fatter than Kate4、the+最高級+(in of)短語Miss Zhou is one of the most popular in

33、our classHe is the oldest of the threeof 常與名詞復(fù)數(shù)或表示數(shù)量的詞連用。表示“在之中”這一。in常與表示范圍或場所的名詞連用“在范圍之中”四、形容詞比較級特殊用法1）more and more比較級連用表示“越來越”In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer.He is getting busier and busier.2）The more the more越就越The larger the bus is , the more people it can carry.The farther aw

34、ay an object is from us, the smaller it looks.3）比較級形式表達最高級：比較級+than any other+名詞單數(shù)；比較級+than the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)He is clever than any other boy- He is the clevest of all the boys- He is clever than the other boys4、修飾比較級的副詞有much, even , quite , a little, a lot等表示“得多”“甚至”，表示程度。第八課時副詞一、概述副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的詞

35、，表示動作的特征、狀態(tài)的特征或某種性質(zhì)的程度。二、副詞的分類時間副詞、地點副詞、方式副詞、疑問副詞及程度副詞。1、時間副詞：時間副詞表達的內(nèi)涵包括回答“什么時候”或“經(jīng)常與否”A: how, then, yesterday, last time, today, just now, later on, so far, ago;B: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, hardly, ever;C: already, yet, late, early, soon, at once, at last, finally, at first, since;

36、2、地點副詞：表示地點或位置關(guān)系的副詞。A: here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere;B: above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, over, round, away, near;注：B類中表示位置的副詞有時也可作介詞。如：come in, please- They live in the next room.3、方式副詞：badly, carefully ,politely, sadly, suddenly, happily. well, fast, high, hard.4、 程度副詞：常見的有:

37、 much, a little, a bit, very, even, so, too, enough, quite, rather, completely, terribly, nearly, hardly, not at all。這些副詞多用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞以加強語氣。5、 疑問副詞：是用來引導(dǎo)一個特殊問句，有時用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句或賓語從句。疑問副詞有：how, when, where, why, who6、部分副詞的用法：1）too, either, also都是表示“也”。too和either都用于句末，too用于肯定句中，either用于否定句及一般疑問句中，also放在句

38、子中，BE動詞前，實義動詞后。2）so, neither都可以用在倒裝句的開頭。so接在肯定句后表示“也一樣”，句式：so+助動詞+主語；neither接在一個否定句后面表示“也不，沒.”句式：neither+助動詞+主語I have read the book, so has he.Jim didnt win the game, neither did Tom.3）already, yetalready 和yet通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時中，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問句中。He has already finished his homework.Jim hasnt c

39、ome back yet.7、副詞的比較等級副詞和形容詞一樣，也有比較級和最高級，其變化形式與形容詞的比較比較級和最高級一樣。第九課時介詞一、知識概述介詞是一種虛詞，一般在句子中不重讀，也不能單獨充當句子成分，但與它的介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，就可以在句子中作狀語、定語和表語。介詞又稱前置詞，一般位于名詞或代詞的前面，表示該詞與句子其他成分的關(guān)系。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時，最重要的是掌握介詞的用法，動介詞組的搭配，時間介詞、方位介詞、方向介詞、位置介詞、成語介詞以及動向介詞和靜向介詞的比較和區(qū)別。二、介詞的定義及句法功能介詞是一種虛詞，在句中不單獨作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名詞或相當于名詞的詞語與其他句

40、子成分的關(guān)系。介詞后的名詞，或相當于名詞的其他詞組、短語或從句，稱為介詞賓語。介詞和介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語在句中主要用作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語。The boy over thereis my brother.（作定語）A friend in needis a friend indeed.（作定語）I shall meet you at the entrance of Qianmen Hotel.（作地點狀語）To their surprise, they saw not locusts, but seagulls.（作原因狀語）Ill be

41、60;in the officeevery afternoon.（作表語）He isnt at home（作表語）The farmer made the king out of the water.（作賓語補足語）I found everything in good order（作賓語補足語）三、介詞與其他詞類的固定搭配。介詞和動詞、形容詞、名詞等常構(gòu)成固定搭配。也就是說，在這些詞的后面，常常要求用一定的介詞。1、形容詞與介詞的固定搭配有些形容詞后面要求用固定的介詞，這類介詞常見的有：about, at, for, from, in, of, to, with（1

42、） 形容詞+aboutcareful abouthopeful aboutsure aboutHe is careless about his clothes（2）形容詞 +atgood atsurprised atangry at（3）形容詞 + forfamous forready forsorry forIm terrible sorry for telling him the truth.（4）形容詞 + fromdifferent fromsafe fromHe was absent from class this morningMy

43、 sister is different from me in many ways.（5）形容詞+ ininterested insuccessful inHe is interested in making model ships.2、名詞與介詞的固定搭配（1） 名詞 + forHe made up an excuse for being late.Did you find the cause for your failure?（2） 名詞 +inHe has some difficulty in translating the bookShe has

44、 made great progress in English.（3） 名詞 +ofShe found another way of solving the problemHe forms a bad habit of getting up late（4） 名詞 +onThere have been several attacks on foreigners recently.Have pity on me!（5） 名詞 +withI wanted to have a talk with youHe is always getting into trouble w

45、ith the police第十課時連詞一、知識概述連詞是一種虛詞，不能在句子中單獨作句子成分，也沒有句子重音，在句子中只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子以及從句的作用。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩種。并列連詞是連接彼此并列關(guān)系的詞。從屬連詞是用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞。二、并列連詞并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或句子。并列連詞按其作用可分為表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、選擇和聯(lián)合關(guān)系等四大類。表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞，常見的有：and, not onlybut also, as well as, bothand, neithernor.Written English is more or less the s

46、ame in both Britain and American.They were very surprised and I knew that I had done the right thing.Work hard and youll pass the exam=If you work hard, youll pass the exam.While I was in the university, I learned both English and Japanese.Both European and Asian speak RussiaYou cant speak both Amer

47、ican English and British English at the same time.Neither Tom nor you are a driver.Neither I nor he has seen the play.Neither of us is a teacherYou dont like it, Neither do I .She is beautiful as well as clever.He is a great writer as well as a famous doctor.三、從屬連詞從屬連詞是用來連接各種從句的詞1、連接主語從句、表語從句與賓語從句的連

48、詞只有三個，即that, if, whether。如：Ask her if she will come with me.The reason is that she never wasted her time.I dont know whether he had passed the exam.2、引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞(1) 連接時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：since, until, after, before, when, while, as soon as, whenever.Ill tell you as soon as I know.(2)連接地點狀語從句的從屬連詞有: wh

49、ere, whereverSit wherever you like.I found my books where I had left them.(3) 連接讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有：although, though, even if, however.Although she was tired, she kept on working.(4) 連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, because, since, now that,He was absent because he was ill.(5)連接目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：that, so that, in o

50、rder that.He raised his voice so that we could hear him.(6) 連接條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless, once, in case.Youll miss the train unless you hurry up.(7) 連接結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：sothat, suchthat.He came so late that he missed the class.(8) 連接比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有：asas, not soas, less(more)than, the theThis is

51、more than Ican accept.(9) 連接方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, as ifIt looks as if it was going to rain.第十一課時動詞（一）一、知識概述在英語中，每個句子必須有一個動詞來擔(dān)當謂語。說明主語“是什么”或“做什么”，動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。動詞和名詞、代詞一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)一般要與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。學(xué)好了英語動詞相當于學(xué)好了一半的英語語法，可見英語動詞的重要性。在初中英語中，動詞的分類、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)以及動詞的各種形式之間的聯(lián)系，非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成、用法等等貫穿整個初中課本，包括

52、英語句型都離不開動詞時態(tài)或語態(tài)，因此在學(xué)習(xí)時特別要注意英語中時態(tài)的運用和語態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。二、動詞的分類及作用按照動詞的詞義和在句中的作用，英語動詞可分為行為動詞（又叫實義動詞）、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。1、行為動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，能獨立作謂語。如：She took pictures of treesHe is typing letters.行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。（1）及物動詞及物動詞后面必須跟賓語，意思才完整。I enjoyed the film very muchI gave the child another piece of cake.常見的能帶兩個賓語的動詞有：bri

53、ng, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.（2）不及物動詞本身詞義完整，后面不要求跟賓語。如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.She curled up in bed and began her book.2、連系動詞（1）本身有詞義，不能在句子中單獨作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的連系動詞有：be, look,

54、get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, become.My father is an engineer.My brother has become a doctor.It seems that he was a millionaire.I dont feel very well today.（2）表示感覺知覺的動詞可以是連系動詞，如feel, touch, sound, smell.I can smell the sea.The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.I feel a pain

55、 in the arm.She looked worried about it.3、動詞與介詞的固定搭配動詞與介詞的搭配主要指下列兩種形式：（1）動詞+賓語+介詞The song always remindsme ofmy school days.Parents usually expecta lot oftheir children.I often takeher forher sister.He hideeverything fromme.The headmaster praisedthe boy&#

56、160;forhis courage.They suppliedpeople withenough food and drink.They presentedus witha lot of flowers.The man was charged withmueder.（2）動詞+反身代詞+介詞dress oneself in;prepare oneself forgive oneself topride oneself onHe giveshimself topop music.She always dresses herself inwhite.第十二課時動詞（二）一、動詞的形式大多數(shù)動詞有四種基本形式：1、現(xiàn)在式；2、過去式；3、過去分詞；4、現(xiàn)在分詞；現(xiàn)在式是字典中所給的形式，也可稱為動詞原形。按照動詞各種形式的構(gòu)成方法，動詞可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動