高優(yōu)指導(dǎo)版高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題突破十三特殊句式課件牛津譯林版

1、語法專題十三特殊句式語法專題十三特殊句式-2-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二一二三四五六一、倒裝 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一完全倒裝完全倒裝 1.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方位和動作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞,如:there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子謂語是go,come,run等不及物動詞,可將謂語全部置于主語之前。但主語是人稱代詞時(shí),不倒裝。There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.仍然有已經(jīng)出錯(cuò)的可能。(2014浙江名校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)Look! From opposite the street come two ki

2、ds,screaming in panic.看!兩個(gè)孩子從街對面過來,(他們)驚慌地尖叫著。-3-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二一二三四五六2.當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語時(shí),也常常用全部倒裝。South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工廠。3.such作表語置于句首時(shí),也常常用全部倒裝。Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.這就是愛因斯坦,一位樸實(shí)而又偉大的科學(xué)家。-4-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二一二三四五六4.表語置于句首時(shí),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動詞+主語”。(1)形容詞+連系動詞+主語Present at th

3、e meeting were some experts.到會的是一些專家。(2)過去分詞+連系動詞+主語Gone are the days when we walked to work.我們步行上班的時(shí)代一去不復(fù)返了。(3)介詞短語+連系動詞+主語Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys.貨物中有花,蠟燭和玩具。-5-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)二部分倒裝部分倒裝 1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意義的副詞以及by no means,not until,not only,

4、not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等表示否定意義的詞組開頭,要用部分倒裝語序。Never will he come back to the factory.他永遠(yuǎn)也不會回到這家工廠了。Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.護(hù)士們不僅想要增加報(bào)酬,她們也想要減少工作時(shí)間。-6-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二2.當(dāng)句子用so,nor,neither開頭,說明前面一句話中的情況也適用于另外一些人或物時(shí),主語和謂語部分倒裝。Tom

5、likes English,and so do I.湯姆喜歡英語,我也喜歡英語。3.在so/such.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào),把so/such提到句首時(shí),主謂要倒裝。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感動得一句話都說不出來。So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.他跑得那么快以至于遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了其他人。-7-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二4.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)句子要用倒裝語序,即要將從句中的表語、狀語或從句中的動詞提到as/though的前面。在a

6、s/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用加任何冠詞。Child as he is,he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,但他懂得很多。5.在省略if的虛擬條件句中,were,had或should要提到句首構(gòu)成倒裝。Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.如果你早來幾分鐘,你就能看見他了。-8-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二6.當(dāng)only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時(shí),采用部分倒裝形式。要注意“only+主語”用在句首時(shí)不倒裝。(2015天津)Only when Lily walk

7、ed into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.直到莉莉走進(jìn)辦公室,她才意識到自己把合同落在家里了。Only you can help me.只有你能幫助我。7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!8.neither.nor.連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí),這兩個(gè)分句都要用倒裝形式。Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道這件事,也不關(guān)心這件事。-9-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二二、省略 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一不定式中的省略不定式中的省

8、略 1.單獨(dú)使用不定式符號to代替不定式后被省略的動詞,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等詞后;或放在表情緒的詞后,代替被省略的動詞,常見詞有g(shù)lad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,則不應(yīng)省略。-10-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二(2013課標(biāo)全國)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not

9、 to.那個(gè)司機(jī)想在路邊停車,但是警察不讓(他停在那兒)。He is not a lawyer now,but he used to be.他現(xiàn)在已不是律師了,但他曾經(jīng)是。Your work hasnt been handed in,but it ought to have been.你的作業(yè)還沒交,但早該上交了。2.感官動詞或使役動詞(feel,notice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)常省略to。I heard my father sing in the kitchen.我聽見爸爸在廚房里唱歌。-11-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二3.在由and或or

10、連接的并列不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中常省略后面的to。I want to finish my homework and go home.我想完成作業(yè)然后回家。4.在do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather.than.,had better等句型中省略to。The little boy could do nothing but cry.小男孩只能哭,別無他法。-12-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)二狀語從句中的省略狀語從句中的省略 1.在由when,while,if,as if,although/though,as,until,once,whethe

11、r,when,where等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致且從句謂語含有be時(shí),可省略狀語從句的主語和be。When (he was) young,he helped his parents do a lot of housework.他小的時(shí)候幫父母干了很多家務(wù)活。-13-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二2.當(dāng)從句的主語是it,謂語動詞是be動詞時(shí),可以把it和be一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成“連詞+形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Though (it was) cold,he still wore a shirt.盡管天冷,但他仍然穿著一件襯衣。Please call me if (it is) nece

12、ssary.如果需要,請給我打電話。3.在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的內(nèi)容。Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont get up early tomorrow),you will miss the early bus.明天早點(diǎn)起床,不然的話,你就會錯(cuò)過早班車。-14-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三三、強(qiáng)調(diào) 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),可用who或that;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時(shí),用that。如:It was John

13、who(that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.是約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會。It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會的。-15-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)二強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句形式強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句形式強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式為 “Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分”;特殊疑問句形式為“特殊疑問詞+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”。Was it in high sch

14、ool that you began playing basketball?你是不是在高中的時(shí)候開始打籃球的?Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?你回來之后把手機(jī)放在什么地方了?-16-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)三not.until.結(jié)構(gòu)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中結(jié)構(gòu)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中not.until.結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語成分在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),not與until要放在一起。(2015重慶)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that

15、his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世紀(jì)早期他的音樂才華才受到普遍認(rèn)可。It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.直到他把太陽鏡摘下來我才將其認(rèn)了出來。-17-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二四、反意疑問句考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一陳述部分含有賓語從句的反意疑問句陳述部分含有賓語從句的反意疑問句1.當(dāng)陳述部分帶有賓語從句時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語與謂語常和主句保持一致。He said that they would come to my birthday part

16、y,didnt he?他說他們要來參加我的生日聚會,是嗎?-18-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二2.當(dāng)陳述部分主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主語為第一人稱時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語和謂語與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致;當(dāng)陳述部分主句的主語為第二、三人稱時(shí),后面的疑問部分的主語和謂語與主句的主語和謂語保持一致。They dont believe he will succeed,do they?他們不相信他會成功,是嗎?-19-一二三四五六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)二陳述部分含有否定詞的反意疑問句陳述部分含有否定詞的反意疑問句當(dāng)陳述部分

17、帶有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定詞時(shí),反意疑問部分用肯定形式。但帶有表示否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞時(shí),其反意疑問部分用否定形式。He could hardly speak English,could he?他幾乎不會說英語,是嗎?He dislikes playing the piano,doesnt he?他不喜歡彈鋼琴,是嗎?-20-一二三四五六五、祈使句1.祈使句+and+簡單句表示“如果就”Do that again and Ill call a policeman.你再那樣做我就要叫警察了。 2.祈使句

18、+or+簡單句表示“否則”Put it down,or Ill smack you.把它放下來,不然我會揍你。注意:有時(shí)名詞短語可以看作是祈使句。A few more minutes and I will finish the work.再給我?guī)追昼娢揖蜁瓿蛇@項(xiàng)工作。-21-一二三四五六六、感嘆句1.What a(n)+adj.+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事啊!What a happy day it is! 多么快樂的一天啊!2.What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!What beautiful butterflie

19、s they are!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!3.How+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!How tall a boy he is!這個(gè)男孩真高啊!4.How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!How well she plays!她演奏得多好啊!-22-.根據(jù)語境和括號內(nèi)的提示完成句子1.(2015江蘇改編)It might have saved me some trouble had I known(I know) the schedule.2.(2015湖南改編)Always keep(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this compa

20、ny running smoothly.3.(2015安徽江南十校聯(lián)考改編) Dont forget to put the tools back where they were after you have finished your work,will you?4.(2015湖南衡陽五校聯(lián)考改編)It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.解析解析關(guān)閉1. 如果我提前知道日程安排,會省去不少麻煩。根據(jù)might have saved可知,此題表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),因此從句用過去完成

21、時(shí)。原句可變?yōu)?If I had known the schedule,it might have saved me some trouble。2. 始終記住你的主要任務(wù)是使公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)順利。祈使句省略了第二人稱you,謂語動詞用原形。3. 干完活不要忘了把工具放回原處好嗎? 否定祈使句的反意疑問句用will you。4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。句意:直到在這封信的末尾她才提到自己的計(jì)劃。-23-5.(2015福州第二次質(zhì)檢改編)It is not until I have got all the information that I

22、can make further comments.6.(2015安徽江淮十校聯(lián)考改編) It was only when I watched Inception a second time that I had a better understanding of what it was talking about.7.(2015安徽淮北二模改編)Take(Take) a deep breath and you will immediately feel the spring in the air.8.(2014重慶改編)I spent two weeks in London last sum

23、mer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,didnt you?解析解析關(guān)閉5. 直到我得到了全部的信息我才能做出進(jìn)一步的評論。not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)是It is not until.that+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。不被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分用陳述語氣。6. 是在我再次觀看盜夢空間時(shí),我才更好地理解了它討論的是什么。題干中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是only when I watched Inception a second time。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu):It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。7. 深呼吸,你就會立即

24、感覺到空氣中的春天。此處是句型:祈使句+and+分句。如:Work hard,and you will pass the exam.努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會通過考試的。8.去年夏天我在倫敦待了兩周。那么在此期間你一定參觀了英國博物館,對嗎?must have done在此處表示對過去情況的肯定猜測,所以反意疑問句用否定形式,而且是一般過去時(shí)。-24-9.(2014湖南改編)Its not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.10.(2014福建改編)It was the culture,ra