【雅思真習(xí)題】劍6Test1閱讀Passage1真題及解析

1、【雅思真題】劍6Test1閱讀Passage1真題及解析READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESSA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demo

2、lishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another

3、body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100

4、sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by tech

5、nicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot

6、of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmers dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here,

7、an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. Its the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swim

8、mer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. M

9、ason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be a

10、nalysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmerD Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers i

11、n second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better This is the kind

12、of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat prod

13、uction or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University

14、 of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger p

15、asses. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a competition model', based on what they

16、expect will be the winning times. You design the model to make that time,' says Mason. A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the training is then geared towards making the a

17、thlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.F Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveil

18、ed coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training

19、at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter,

20、 A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4 how some AIS ideas have bee

21、n reproduced5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated6 an overview of the funded support of athletes7 how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively use

22、d by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8 cameras9 sensors10 protein tests11 altitude tentsQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE

23、THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic GamesREADING PASSAGE 1真題

24、解析：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)體裁 說明文主題 澳大利亞的體育成就結(jié)構(gòu) A段：澳大利亞體育成績斐然 B段：科技是第一生產(chǎn)力C段：精確測量和數(shù)據(jù)分析 D段：精確測量和數(shù)據(jù)分析的實例E段：數(shù)據(jù)的實際應(yīng)用 F段：不可復(fù)制的成功必背詞匯A段fair adj.合理的pro n.職業(yè)運動員demolish v.擊??；破壞，毀壞 under the eye of 在的注意下rival n.競爭者，對手 body n.團體，機構(gòu)seeming adj.表面上的(通常事實并非如此) finance v.給提供經(jīng)費ease n.不費力，輕松 excellence n.優(yōu)秀，卓越extensive adj.廣泛的，涉及面廣的 in

25、tensive adj.強化的underpin v.以為穩(wěn)固基礎(chǔ) nutritional adj.營養(yǎng)的B段centre stage 中心地位 squash n.壁球collaborate v.合作 instrument n.儀器，器械golfer n.打高爾夫球的人 ethereal adj.飄渺的，引申為不切實際的C段come down to(sth.)可歸結(jié)為 wire-frame adj.線框的second-by-second 每秒的 slice v.劃開；切開output n.輸出 slow motion 慢動作wringout of 原義為扭，榨取，此處引申為從中(經(jīng)過努力)獲得

26、side-on 從側(cè)面stroke n.劃動，劃水tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱world-beating adj.舉世矚目的 swivel v.旋轉(zhuǎn)prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力(學(xué))的profile n.原義為輪廓、外形，此處意為模型 velocity n.速度，速率lap n.一圈budding adj.發(fā)展中的 spit out 原義是吐出，此處引申為顯示出、分析出frame n.幀，畫面D段turn time 轉(zhuǎn)身時間 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白unobtrusive adj.不顯眼的，不醒目的 prese

27、nt adj.存在的sensor n.傳感器 saliva n.唾液embed v.使插入；使嵌入 ease v.減輕，減弱sweat v.出汗，發(fā)汗 remarkably adv.顯著地，引人注目地；非常地experimentation n.實驗，試驗immune-system 免疫系統(tǒng)的E段complex adj.復(fù)雜的 transform v.轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變，改變championship n.冠軍賽 arguably adv.可論證地(可辯論地)，有理由說地gear v.調(diào)整，(使)適合segment n.部分F段unveil v.展示(新產(chǎn)品)；揭開 altitude tent 高原帳篷c

28、oolant-lined 流線型散熱 replicate v.復(fù)制endurance n.耐力；忍耐力 encompass v.包含或包括某事物slice v.減少，降低難句解析1. A lot of their work comes down to measurementeverything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.參考譯文：許多工作都涉及具體測量，測量內(nèi)容包括從游泳運動員潛水的精確角度到自行車運動員每秒功率輸出的所有數(shù)據(jù)。語言

29、點：come down to：歸結(jié)為；涉及If a complicated situation or problem comes down to something, that is the single most important thingIt all comes down to money in the end.歸根到底，一切都是因為錢。2. No gain is too slight to bother with.參考譯文：無論多么微小的收獲都值得為之努力。語言點：(1)tooto的用法：表示否定的含義，譯為“太以致于不能”。本句話雖然短，卻因為有no否定詞和tooto句型而出現(xiàn)了肯

30、定的意思，因此要格外注意?？梢愿鶕?jù)“負(fù)負(fù)得正”的原則直接將原句翻譯成肯定的意思，便于理解。(2)gain n.獲得 C an advantage or improvement, especially one achieved by planning or effort U&C an increase in the amount or level of something U financial profit, especially when this seems to be the only thing someone is interested in The party made c

31、onsiderable gains at local elections.該黨派在地方選舉中獲得許多利益。(3) bother v. 努力做: to make the effort to do something (not) bother to do somethingHe didn't bother to answer the question. (not) bother about/withHe didn't bother with a reply. (not) bother doing somethingMany young people didn't bothe

32、r voting.don't/didn't/won't etc. bother Do you want me to wait for you No, don't bother.Why bother to go abroad when there are so many nice places here?3. You design the model to make that time A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke

33、 frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.參考譯文：人們設(shè)計一種模式以達(dá)到預(yù)期的速度，該模式規(guī)定了出發(fā)時間的長短、每次劃水的速率、一定的劃頻和劃距、轉(zhuǎn)身所需的時間等等。注意：代詞this和that，these等所指代的東西，需要通過上下文理解掌握。本句話中代詞指的是“競賽模式”下所預(yù)期的時間、速度等。語言點：(1)stroke(劃船，游泳等)一劃butterfly stroke蝶泳sidestroke側(cè)泳breaststroke蛙泳backstroke仰泳(2) frequency 頻 率 the number o

34、f times that something happens within a particular period of time or within a particular group of people frequency ofthe frequency of serious road accidents重大道路交通事故的發(fā)生頻率 the high/low frequency (of something)高/低頻率the higher frequency of diabetes in older people老年人中的糖尿病高發(fā)頻率Side effects from prescribed

35、 drugs are being reported with increasing frequency.處方藥的副作用遭到越來越多的報道。試題解析Questions 1-7題目類型：MATCHING題目解析：第1題定位詞：exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports文中對應(yīng)點：B段：and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists wo

36、rk across a number of sports題干中講到不同體育領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識交流正好跟原文中跨不同體育專家之間的合作相對應(yīng)，理解意思即可容易找到正確答案。第2題定位詞：visual imaging/3D, image文中對應(yīng)點：C段:shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers./It collects images from digital cameras通過題干中的視頻成像可以很容易找到原文中對應(yīng)的3D和成像。第3題定位詞：a reason for narrowing/can't

37、waste time文中對應(yīng)點：B段：We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete需要細(xì)讀原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)此句話所要表達(dá)的意思是不在一些飄渺的、不切實際的科學(xué)問題上浪費時間，也就是說要縮小研究的范圍。此處不容易找到對應(yīng)，需要對于句子和題目的準(zhǔn)確理解。TIPS：還可以通過題目中的research activity研究活動和原文中的scientific questions科學(xué)問題確認(rèn)所定位的位置。第4題定位詞：A

38、IS ideas reproduce/copying文中對應(yīng)點：F段：Of course，there's nothing to stop other countries copying找到AIS ideas定位到最后一段，題干中的reproduce是復(fù)制的意思，之后從文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)句子有復(fù)制copying，即可以直接定位。第5題定位詞：Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor文中對應(yīng)點：D段：to monitor heart rate，sweating，heat production or any other fact or that might ha

39、ve an impact on an athlete's ability to run.題干提到理想成績的障礙是如何被調(diào)查研究的，而讀到對應(yīng)句子之后看到正好是sensors(傳感器)對于運動員跑步的impact(影響)進(jìn)行研究的儀器，而且obstacles和impact對應(yīng)。第6題定位詞：Overview, funded support/finance文中對應(yīng)點：A段：finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women.finances是解題關(guān)鍵，意

40、思為資助，正好跟題干中funded support表達(dá)了相同的義項，直接對應(yīng)。而且之后一句話提及以上項目所提供的服務(wù)和建議，可以確信答案。TIPS：看到overview就從文章開頭和結(jié)尾去找。第7題定位詞：Calculated before an event/using data，well before a championship文中對應(yīng)點：F段：Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, 首先通過well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到F段，之后發(fā)現(xiàn)后面提

41、及的“競爭模型”作用就是計算時間和速率，因此內(nèi)容對應(yīng)上calculate，此時可斷定答案的位置。TIPS：這是一道典型的段落搭配相關(guān)信息型MATCHING題目。有效的解題方法是：1.瀏覽所有信息，找出關(guān)鍵字。2.精讀各段首末句，泛讀其他語句。3.對應(yīng)相關(guān)信息。建議各位考生先做完這種題目，再完成其他題目。Questions 8-11題目類型：分類題，Classify屬于配對題。題目解析：此類題首先分析類別之間的不同，之后在文章中找到對應(yīng)點。題目類別的不同點：不難看出，三個類別中，A和B分為一類，A和C分為一類。進(jìn)行對比。第8題答案：A文章對應(yīng)點：C段，SWAN system now used i

42、n Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras.解析：digital cameras是對應(yīng)詞。而前一句已經(jīng)提到該系統(tǒng)已廣泛應(yīng)用于澳大利亞各項全國賽事之中，而沒有提到其他國家，因此可以判斷應(yīng)該只有澳大利亞人在使用。第9題答案：B文章對應(yīng)點：D段，With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology inMelbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be em

43、bedded in an athlete's clothes解析：找到相同對應(yīng)詞sensor，讀其前后的句子，發(fā)現(xiàn)有Melbourne，斷定是澳大利亞人的發(fā)明。之后要特別留心動詞develop運用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示正在開發(fā)；而且注意之后的定語從句采用了將來時，所以可以斷定此發(fā)明還沒有完成，應(yīng)該屬于將來的成果。因此選擇B。第10題答案：A文章對應(yīng)點：D段：AIS and the University ofNewcastle in New South Walesdeveloped a test that measures how much of the immune-system prote

44、in immunoglobulin A/Since the tests were introduced，AIS athletes in all sports have been解析：非常容易在前面第一句話中找到跟題目protein tests所對應(yīng)的詞語a testprotein。之后細(xì)讀前后句，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面一句話對于此項科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS運動員，即澳大利亞體育學(xué)院的運動員，隸屬于澳大利亞，所以應(yīng)該選擇A。第11題答案：C文章對應(yīng)點：F段：The same has happened to the altitude tent'，developed by AIS to repl

45、icate the effect of altitude training at sea level.解析：文章中很容易找到用引號括起來的題目中的名詞短語，因此只要細(xì)心讀原句，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)開頭的The same has happened同樣的事情也發(fā)生在根據(jù)經(jīng)驗應(yīng)該順著文章向上追溯，發(fā)現(xiàn)跟altitude tent相同情況的是1996年奧運會上澳大利亞人受益的流線型散熱運動服現(xiàn)在全世界都在用。因此altitude tent也被世界各國應(yīng)用。所以答案應(yīng)該選擇C。且根據(jù)此段話大意可以了解文章只提到兩種研究成果被別國運用，即高原帳篷和流線型散熱服。所以可以間接判斷前三項成果是由澳大利人獨享的。Quest

46、ions 12-13題目類型：問答題Answer questions屬于主觀題。題目解析：首先根據(jù)題目位置判斷所對應(yīng)的段落應(yīng)該在文章的后半部分，然后開始找到對應(yīng)詞。需要特別注意題目要求是從文章中找到詞語或數(shù)字答題，因此不能自己編寫答案。第12題對應(yīng)點：help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing解析：Help an athlete plan their performance對應(yīng)上prepare the athlete by之后，要認(rèn)真研究題目所問的是what is produced，斷定所作答案必定要填

47、一個名詞。因此要細(xì)讀原文發(fā)現(xiàn)有單詞developing恰與produced相對應(yīng)，中文意思是“開發(fā)”，則答案必定是開發(fā)之后的名詞。TIPS：注意帶引號的內(nèi)容都含有比較重要的信息。正確答案為(a)competition model第13題對應(yīng)點：1996 Olympic Games, cyclists, improve解析：1996 Olympic Games是一個很好的定位詞。定好位后要認(rèn)真研究題目。分析問句是By how muchimprove，意思為“提高了多少”，可以判斷出答案需要寫一個數(shù)字。因此仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)語句找到sliced as much as two per cent off c

48、yclists and rowers times.很快就可以找到數(shù)字百分之二。TIPS：注意文章的題目要求是填寫一個數(shù)字而非一個名詞，很多考生因為找到1996而盲目地填上成果的名稱“coolant-lined jackets”，實在是遺憾。因此，語法分析是本題解題的關(guān)鍵。正確答案是(by)2 per cent/參考譯文澳大利亞的體育成就A 他們努力競爭，他們積極參與，他們參加比賽完全為了取勝。澳大利亞體育勁旅輕松擊敗對手，取得輝煌戰(zhàn)績。他們何以做到這一點成功的秘密在于一個由體育學(xué)院和科研機構(gòu)組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)以科學(xué)與醫(yī)學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)，涉及面廣且耗資巨大。在澳大利亞體育學(xué)院(AIS)里，數(shù)百名青年選手與職業(yè)運動員在教練的指導(dǎo)下共同生活和訓(xùn)練。另一家機構(gòu)澳大利亞體育運動委員會(ASC)，則為總計96項體育運動中項目的數(shù)千名表現(xiàn)突出的男女運動員提供資助。上述兩家機構(gòu)均提供強化訓(xùn)練、訓(xùn)練設(shè)備和營養(yǎng)咨詢服務(wù)。B 科學(xué)在體育科研機構(gòu)中的地位舉足輕重。AIS不僅雇用了上百名在體育方面深有研究的科學(xué)家和醫(yī)生，還與大學(xué)及研究中心的幾十名