翻譯練習(xí)題中國文化篇

1、CET-6翻譯訓(xùn)練題-中國文化篇（1）原文：北京有無數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅 是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術(shù)。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個大雜院，房間夠4到10個家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會和經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大 廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來。參考答案：In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the

2、 ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and

3、genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.難點精析：1.帶來了無窮的魅力：翻譯為bring endless charm to。2.漢語習(xí)慣于用并列的散句或短語來表達一個語境，而英文習(xí)慣上用整句表述，句內(nèi)不太重要的信息會用介詞短語或從句來補充說明，如本段中“胡同內(nèi)有一個大雜院，房間夠4到10個家庭的差不多20口人住”是：兩個并列關(guān)系的漢

4、語短句，翻譯成英文時可將第二句用with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)表達出來，起補充說明的作用。3.充滿友善和人情味：翻譯為full of friendliness and genuine humanity。4.隨著社會和經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展：翻譯為with rapid social and economic development，也是with介詞短語的應(yīng)用，在句中作伴隨狀語。（2）原文：要了解中國文化，就應(yīng)該對中國的戲曲文化有所了解。中國地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個具有代表 性的劇種。作為一個獨立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至I860年。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ) 上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工;在

5、念白上用北京方言;在音樂上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂器。由于京劇是在融 合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛，也受到全國人民的喜愛。參考答案To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form

6、, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and 1860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera h

7、as combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.難點精析1.要了解中國文化，就應(yīng)該對中國的戲曲文化有所了解：該句沒有給出明確的主語，因而在翻譯時要注意：增譯主語you?！爸袊膽蚯幕笨勺g為the Chinese opera culture。2.中國地方戲種類很多，其中京劇是一個具有代表性的劇種：該句在翻譯時可以采用非限定性定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句可譯為：In China, there

8、are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此處為了避免在前后分句中重復(fù)使用名詞opera而在后半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。3.京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的：“在的基礎(chǔ)上形成”如果直接譯為be formed on the I basis of.會稍顯生硬，因而可以靈活譯為originate from.?！暗胤綉颉笨梢灾弊g為local opera。4.念白：“念白”指的是中國戲曲中人物的獨白或者兩者的對話，因而此處在翻譯時可將其靈活譯為the I spoke

9、n parts。5.胡琴：這一特有名詞在英文中并沒有直接對應(yīng)的詞匯或表達，因而可以采用漢語拼音表示。6.它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛，也受到全國人民的喜愛：“不僅 也 ”常用not onlybut also來表達。此處句中的“鐘愛”和“喜愛”同義，在翻譯后半部分內(nèi)容時可以將與前半部分重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略，故該部分內(nèi)容可譯為：it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。（3）原文：中醫(yī)(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中華文化不可分割的一部分，為振興華夏做

10、出了巨大的貢獻。如今， 中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)(western medicine)在中國的醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域并駕齊驅(qū)。中醫(yī)以其獨特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式 和豐富的典籍材料，備受世界矚目。中國的中醫(yī)事業(yè)由國家中醫(yī)藥管理局(State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)負責(zé)?，F(xiàn)在國家巳經(jīng)出臺了管理中醫(yī)的政策、法令和法規(guī)，引導(dǎo)并促進這個新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究和 開發(fā)。在定義上，中醫(yī)是指導(dǎo)中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥理論和實踐的一種醫(yī)學(xué)，它包括中醫(yī)療法、中草藥(herbalogy)、針 灸(acupuncture )、推拿(massage)和氣功(Qigong)。參考答案：Traditional

11、 Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant his

12、torical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research a

13、nd development in this promising industry. TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.難點精析：1.不可分割的一部分：可譯為an integral part。2.為振興華夏做出了巨大的賁獻：可譯為has made great contribut

14、ions to the prosperity of China，其中“華夏”即“中國”或“中華”，可直接譯為China; “振興”此處翻譯成了名詞形式prosperity,還可譯為revitalization;“做出了 巨大的貢獻”可譯為 has made great contributions。3.并駕齊驅(qū)：此處指兩者(中醫(yī)和西醫(yī))都得以應(yīng)用，可簡單地翻譯為both are being used。4.獨特的診斷手法、系統(tǒng)的治療方式和豐富的典籍材料：三個并列的名詞短語，可分別譯為unique ： I diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundan

15、t historical literature and materials; “典籍材料”可理解為歷史文獻資料，翻譯為historical literature and materials。5.引導(dǎo)并促進這一新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究和開發(fā)：“引導(dǎo)”譯為guide; “促進”可譯為promote，還可譯為facilitate或further; “新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，可譯為promising industry,還可譯為new industry或emerging industry。6.中醫(yī)療法：譯為Chinese medication。（4）原文：中國新年是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶祝活動從除夕

16、開始一直延續(xù)到元宵 節(jié)(the Lantern Festival)，即從農(nóng)歷(lunar calendar)最后一個月的最后一天至新年第一個月的第十五天。各地歡 度春節(jié)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運、迎好運，家 家戶戶都會進行大掃除。人們還會在門上粘貼紅色的對聯(lián)(couplets)，對聯(lián)的主題為健康、發(fā)財和好運。其他 的活動還有放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包和探親訪友等。參考答案：Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also kno

17、wn as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Years Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place

18、. However, New Years Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes

19、of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.難點精析：1.慶?；顒樱鹤g為celebrations即可，考生要注意，不要看到“慶祝活動”就想在celebration的后面加上： activities。2. 有很大差異：譯為vary widely,此句還可以翻譯為are rather different。3.驅(qū)厄運、迎好運：譯為sweep away i

20、ll fortune and to bring in good luck，此處的“驅(qū)”如果考生無法譯出：sweep away，也可以用簡單的get rid of來表達。4.大掃除：譯為thoroughly clean the house。5.放鞭炮、發(fā)紅包：譯為 lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes。放鞭炮還可以用 set off the firecrackers或 fire firecrackers來表達。（5）原文: 四合院（Siheyuan）是中國傳統(tǒng)民居中最重要的形式。它數(shù)量多、分布廣，并且在漢族、滿族、白族以及其他少

21、數(shù)民族中十分流行。大多數(shù)房屋采用木質(zhì)框架。主屋在南北走向的軸線上，兩個廂房則位于四合院的兩側(cè)。家庭中的長者住在主屋中，在兩翼則是年輕一代的屋室。婦女住在內(nèi)院。客人和男仆住在外院。這種分布符合封建理制（feudal regulations）。四合院遍布全國的城鄉(xiāng) ，但由于各地自然條件和生活方式各有不同，因此發(fā)展出各自的特征。北京的四合院是最具代表性的。參考答案：Siheyuan is the most important form of Chinese traditional house. It is great in number and wide in distribution, popul

22、ar among Han, Man, Bai, and some of other minority groups. Most of the houses are of wood framework. The principal room is built on the south-north axis, and two wing rooms are located on both sides of it. The family elders live in the principal room and wings are the bedrooms for the younger genera

23、tions. Women live in inner yard. Guests and male servants live in the outer yard. This distribution is in accordance with the feudal regulations. Siheyuan spreads over towns and villages throughout china, but each developed its own characteristics as a result of respective natural conditions and dif

24、ferent ways of life. Siheyuan in Beijing is the most representative.（6）原文：風(fēng)水（Feng shui）是中國建筑中的一個特殊傳統(tǒng)，是古人對空間的布置與安排方法，其目的是為了實現(xiàn)建筑與環(huán)境的和諧共存。風(fēng)水的字面意思就是“風(fēng)和水”。在古代，風(fēng)水通常將從選址、設(shè)計、建筑直到內(nèi)部和外部裝修的整個過程聯(lián)系在一起。它將天、地、人三者融為一體，并且在所選的地址、方位、自然法則以及人類命運之間尋求和諧。它反對人對自然的破壞，而是強調(diào)人與環(huán)境的共處，這種狀態(tài)被認為是完美、神秘的。參考答案：Feng shui, a special Chine

25、se traditional in architecture, is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve coexistence in harmony with the environment. Feng shui literally translates as “wind-water”. Feng shui usually links the whole process from site selection, designing, construction and int

26、erior and exterior decoration in ancient times. It combines the trinity of the heaven, earth, and humans, and seeks harmony between selected site, orientation, nature doctrine and human fate. It repulses human destruction of nature and stresses cohabitation with the environment, which is regarded as

27、 perfect and occult.（7）原文： 舞龍（Dragon dance）是中國文化中一種傳統(tǒng)的舞蹈與表演形式。它起源于漢朝并且由信仰并尊敬龍的中國人所開創(chuàng)。人們認為舞龍一開始是農(nóng)耕文化的組成部分，起初也是治病和防病的一種方法。舞龍在宋朝（Song Dynasty）就已經(jīng)成為一項流行的活動。舞龍是中國文化和傳統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，已經(jīng)傳遍了中國乃至全世界，而且已經(jīng)成為中國體育活動中的一種特殊的藝術(shù)表演。它象征著在來年為世界上所有的人帶來好運和興旺。參考答案：Dragon dance is a form of traditional dance and performance in Ch

28、inese culture. It originated during the Han Dynasty and was started by the Chinese who has shown great belief and respect towards the dragon. It is believed to have begun as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origins as a method of healing and preventing sickness. Dragon dance was al

29、ready a popular event during the Song Dynasty. Dragon dance is an important part of the Chinese culture and tradition. It has spread throughout China and to the whole world and become a special performance of arts in the Chinese physical activities. It symbolizes good luck and prosperity in the year

30、 to come for all the human beings on earth.（8）原文： 現(xiàn)代中國人的姓名通常由姓（家庭姓氏）和名（個人所起的名字）組成，并且姓在前，名在后。因此，王小平被稱為王先生，個人的名字為小平。但是，在中國古代，起名字非常復(fù)雜。一個人通常有好幾個名字，包括姓、氏、名、字，每一個都表達不同的意思。姓和氏演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的姓，名和字則演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的名?，F(xiàn)在人們通常用姓氏來指一個人的姓，用名字來指一個人所起的名。對中國古代文獻的研究表明，“姓”最初指不同的母系部落（matriarchal tribes）的名字，和人們的居住地也有某些關(guān)系。研究表明，“姓”出現(xiàn)于母系社會時期，

31、大約四千至五千年之前。參考答案： A modern Chinese usually has a surname (family name) or xing and a given name (first name), or ming (or mingzi), always in that order. Thus Wang Xiaoping is Mr. Wang with the personal name Xiaoping. In ancient China, however, naming was very complicated and one person usually had se

32、veral names, including xing, shi, ming, and zi. Each of these four words meant a different thing. Xing and shi together formed todays surname, and ming and zi todays given name. Nowadays, people use xingshi to refer to a persons surname, mingzi to refer to ones give name. Study of ancient Chinese do

33、cuments shows that xing originally referred to the names of different matriarchal tribes. It also had something to do with the place where people live. Researches show that xing came into being during the matrilineal society period, around four or five thousand years ago.（9）原文：儒家思想是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的基石。它出現(xiàn)在大約2

34、500年前的春秋時期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，是建立在夏、商、周朝的傳統(tǒng)文化之上，并由孔子創(chuàng)立的完整觀念體系(ideological system)。儒家思想博大精深，涵蓋了人性、政治、法律、教育、哲學(xué)、道德各個領(lǐng)域。儒家文化以人本哲學(xué)(humanistic philosophy)為依托，這表現(xiàn)在它對人類個體的尊敬、關(guān)注和熱愛。總而言之，儒家文化是世界文化遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分，是東方文化的代表，也是中國文化傳統(tǒng)的中流砥柱。Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. Founde

35、d about 2500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism is a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties. It is extensive and profound, covering on humanistic philosophy, politics, education, philosophy and ethics.

36、 Confucian culture rests on humanistic philosophy, which is shown in its respect, attention to and love of human individuals. In brief, Confucian culture is an important component of world cultural heritage, a major representative of oriental culture, and the dominant facet of Chinese cultural tradi

37、tion.（10）原文：清華大學(xué)被視為中國最著名和選拔人才最嚴(yán)格的大學(xué)之一。清華大學(xué)的校園位于北京西北部的海淀區(qū)，這是專為大學(xué)指定的區(qū)域。它坐落在清代皇家花園的舊址上，保留了一些中式的園林風(fēng)格以及一些傳統(tǒng)的建筑，但它的許多建筑物都是西式風(fēng)格的，反應(yīng)了美國對它的影響。它擁有中國最美麗校園之一，擁有中國最好的工程和應(yīng)用科學(xué) (applied science)課程，吸引了全國最有才華的學(xué)生，其地位和美國伯克利大學(xué) (Berkeley)、麻省理工學(xué)院以及斯坦福大學(xué)相當(dāng)。Tsinghua University is regarded as one of the most renown

38、ed and most selective universities in China. The campus of Tsinghua University is situated in northwest Beijing, in Haidian District which is designated for universities. It is located on the former site of Qing Dynasty royal gardens and retains some Chinese-style landscapes as well as some traditional buildings, but many of its buildings are Western-style reflecting the American influence on its history. With one of the most