定語從句的翻譯

1、定語從句的翻譯英漢定語從句對比 1. This is the cat. 這就是那只貓。 2. This is the cat that killed the rat. 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. * 這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的貓。 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. * 這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。 5. This is

2、 the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. * 這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。

3、老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克蓋的。 英語中的定語從句有兩種：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。 限制性定語從句限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；例如 This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性） 非限制性定語從句非限制性定

4、語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開 。例如 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性） 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lo

5、vely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evapo

6、ration. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā) 常用的定語從句的翻譯方法 一、合譯法一、合譯法 合譯法通常用于句式較短的情況，主要以限制性定語從句為主。 在英譯漢時，一般將其譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)，有時也將定語部分譯成謂語、兼語句的一部分或帶有“這”字句的簡單句。 1.譯成定語“的”字結(jié)構(gòu) 最為常見，將定語部分放在被修飾名詞的前面 He is not the one who will give up easily. 他不是一個輕易服輸?shù)娜恕?Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我們兩國是友誼長存的友

7、好鄰邦。 The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him 在他手下工作的人對他怕的要死。2、譯成謂語 當定語從句是存在句，尤其是在“there be結(jié)構(gòu)”和它的變體結(jié)構(gòu)、以及在“it be +主語+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語在意義上也是整個主句的謂語，可將其譯為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。 There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人中，有的人每天都站在那里，站了一個月。 There have been good resu

8、lts in the experiments that have given him grate encouragement. 實驗中的良好結(jié)果給了他莫大的鼓勵。 Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the pass on foot. 盡管新建了隧道，有些旅行者還是企圖步行穿過山口。 There seems to be someone who wants to go with you. 好像有人想跟你去。 There happened to be a student w

9、ho was able to work out the math problem. 碰巧有一個學生能解出這道數(shù)學難題。 另外，有些定語從句英譯漢時要需要將主句壓縮成另外，有些定語從句英譯漢時要需要將主句壓縮成主語，而將定語從句譯成謂語，融合為一個句子。主語，而將定語從句譯成謂語，融合為一個句子。 We have a social and political system that differed in many respects from your own. 我們的社會和政治體制在很多方面都與貴國的不一樣。 We shall have a lot of people who will vis

10、it our college. 許多人將來參觀我們學校。 This is a paper mill that was built ten years ago 這家造紙廠是十年前建的。 it.that.的句式，實際上相當于一個讓步狀語從句。如 It is a wise mother that knows her own daughter.再聰慧的母親也不見得了解自己的女兒。 相當于一個狀語從句No matter how wise a mother is, she may not know her own daughter. 翻譯此類定語從句應(yīng)該用溶合法，即將主句和從句溶合在一起翻譯。例如： It

11、 is a good machine that can work without power. 再好的機器也要有動力才能開動。 It is a long lane that has no turning. 再長的巷子也會有轉(zhuǎn)彎的。 3、譯成兼語句的一部分、譯成兼語句的一部分 當先行詞在定語從句中充當主語或賓語，可采用此方法使兩個分句融為一體。 I need someone who can instruct me in my English study. 我需要一個人來指導我學習英語。 When I passed by, I saw a man who was quarreling with h

12、is wife. 當我經(jīng)過時，我看到一個人和他的妻子在吵架。 4、譯成連動式的一部分、譯成連動式的一部分 為了行文方便，需要把主句、從句中的動詞連起來一起翻譯，從而使句子顯得連貫，符合漢語的表達習慣。 He took out a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to drink slowly. 他從衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起來。 We will send the boy to Britain, where he can receive better education. 我們將要把這個孩子送到英國去接受更好的教育。 二、分譯法

13、分譯法是指將主句和從句分開翻譯的一種方法，主要用于較長的非限制性定語從句里。 采用這種方法可避免句子的冗長和累贅。 這種方法一般采用主句在前，從句在后的翻譯形式，將句子翻譯成兩個相對獨立的小分句。 1、譯成、譯成“這這”字句字句 有時，關(guān)系代詞并不僅僅只是指代先行詞，它還指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。這時，我們一般將其譯成“這”或“這一點” He admired Mrs. Brown, which surprises me most. 他欽佩布朗太太，這使我大為驚訝。 She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldo

14、m was. 她對孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。 2、譯出關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞、譯出關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 根據(jù)邏輯的需要，在翻譯前，首先應(yīng)該弄清關(guān)系詞所指代的內(nèi)容，進而按照先行詞的詞義來進行翻譯。 He has learned French, which he thinks is the most beautiful language in the world. 他學過法語，他認為法語是世界上最美的語言。 This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers o

15、r scientists. 這是一所科技大學，該校學生將被培養(yǎng)成工程師或科學工作者。 另外，在英語中常常會把需要強調(diào)的內(nèi)容放于句首，而漢語中卻習慣把附加性說明的定語部分翻譯成并列分句，以求在形式上突出主句的內(nèi)容。 She suddenly thought of her husband, who had left her and their children behind and had never been heard of. 他丈夫早就拋棄了妻兒一直杳無音信，現(xiàn)在她突然想起了他。 The men suddenly awakened to the fact that there were be

16、auty and significance in these trifles, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet. 以前，它們一直被這些人漫不經(jīng)心地踩在腳下，現(xiàn)在這些人突然意識到這些小玩意兒的美麗和意義了。 3、不翻譯關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞、不翻譯關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 有些定語從句表面上是非限制性定語從句，但在意義上卻已經(jīng)和主句融為了一體。在翻譯時，應(yīng)該將關(guān)系詞省略，從而使句子的意思顯得更為連貫。 After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks

17、, which continued well into the night. 晚飯后，四個主要談判人物繼續(xù)進行會談，一直談到深夜。 His wife, Betty, is Shanghai-born Chinese who left China at the age of eight, and whose book “Moon”, tells of her sisters life in China. 他妻子貝蒂是一位出生在上海的華人，八歲離開中國，寫過一本名叫月的書，記敘了她妹妹在中國的生活。 4、用主句的主語作從句主語，譯成兩個小分句 當主句的主語為非限制性定語從句的先行詞，并且關(guān)系代詞作

18、定語從句主語時，先行詞可以與非限制性定語從句溶合在一起翻譯。例如： John Smith, who teaches American literature in an American university, has been invited to be a visiting professor in our college. 約翰史密斯在美國一所大學教美國文學，他已被聘為我們學院的客座教授。 Abraham Lincoln, who led the American people in overthrowing the Negro slave system, is considered on

19、e of the greatest American presidents. 亞伯拉罕林肯領(lǐng)導美國人民推翻了黑奴制度，他被看作是美國最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。 But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble（可鄙和不光彩）. 但是，老年人已飽嘗了人生的悲歡，取得了他們能取得的成績，怕死就顯得有點可憐和不夠光彩。 5、譯成帶有狀語性質(zhì)和功能的

20、定語從句 A表原因表原因 The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from. 經(jīng)理只宴請了幾個人，因為他特別想和這些人談?wù)劊犅犓麄兊囊庖姟?No one in the company likes their boss, who is stingy（小氣） and bad-tempered. 公司里沒人喜歡他們的老板，因為他脾氣暴燥人又小氣 B 表結(jié)果表結(jié)果 The two countries established formal diplo

21、matic relation, which paved the way for the further communication. 兩國正式建立了外交關(guān)系，從而為雙方進一步的交流鋪平了道路。 They quarreled with each other everyday, which led to their divorce 他們夫妻二人天天吵架，最終導致離婚。 C 表讓步表讓步 He insisted on buying another car, which he actually didnt need. 他堅持要再買一輛車，盡管他并不需要。 My father, who thought

22、it might not work, supported me. 盡管父親認為這個辦法可能不會起作用，但還是支持我。 D 表目的表目的 This company, which wants to get their new product sold well in the market, is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship. 為了使新產(chǎn)品在市場熱銷，這個公司正在全力改進工藝和外包裝。 E 表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折 She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister ne

23、ver is. 她非常善良，體貼，而她妹妹卻從不這樣。 To succeed in this area, one needs profound knowledge and experience, which few has. 要想在這一領(lǐng)域取得成功，需要淵博的知識及豐富的經(jīng)驗，而很少有人能具備這兩點。 F 表條件或假設(shè)表條件或假設(shè) A new product , which has beautiful packing, good quality and advertising, may very likely be a hit in market 一種新產(chǎn)品，只要包裝精美，質(zhì)量過硬，宣傳得力，就能在市場中熱銷。 Any one who works hard and never gives up will succeed. 任何人，只要努力工作永不放棄，就能夠成功。 Exercises There are a lot of people who can operate the machine. 有許多人能操作這部機器。 There has never been a man around me who wrote so many articles. 我周圍從來沒有人寫過這么多文章。 They ha