lecture分句合句譯法實用教案

1、Lecture 13第1頁/共14頁第一頁，共15頁。Division（分譯法|分句法）Division refers to the splitting of a word or a phrase from its original position to be a clause or a clause to be a separate sentence. (definition)馮慶華教授把分譯法劃分成“轉句譯法”和“斷句譯法”, 前者(qin zh)指把原文中的一個詞組或詞語拿出來翻譯成獨立的句子,后者指把原文中的從句拿出來翻譯成獨立的句子。第2頁/共14頁第二頁，共15頁。 In the

2、 doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors 門口放著一堆雨傘，少說也有十二把，五顏六色，大小不一。 門口放著至少有十二把五顏六色、大小不一的雨傘。 在句法結構上，英語講究語法外形的完整，而漢語(Hny)則側重表意，不追求外形的完整性。 英語句法結構被稱為“樹形結構”干上有枝，枝上有節(jié)，節(jié)外生枝,形態(tài)結構完整嚴密， “以形統(tǒng)神”。 漢語(Hny)善于用詞組和短句逐次排列，好比一根竹子，所以被稱為“竹節(jié)結構”像竹節(jié)那樣一節(jié)一節(jié)的，明快而簡樸。 第3頁/共14頁第三頁，共15頁。Conversion of Words

3、to Sentences轉詞為句（單詞(dnc)分譯為句子）They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他們根本沒有答復，這是不足為奇的。Theoretically, this is a marvelous piece of scientific writing.從理論上看，那是一篇了不起的科學論文。Premier Zhou might have spoken with understandable pride of the policy of “self-reliance”.周總理在談到“自力更生”政策(zhngc)時，也許有些自豪感，這是可

4、以理解的。第4頁/共14頁第四頁，共15頁。The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredibleabout one in four. 大約四分之一的美國青年人不會閱讀,這簡直令人(ln rn)難以置信!His theory is an unparalleled great contribution to the science.他的理論是對科學的巨大貢獻，任何其他的理論無法與之相提并論。He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then nar

5、rowed in indignation.他搖了搖頭，兩眼睜得圓圓的，接著又瞇成一條線，臉上露出了憤怒的神色。Time failed him to sneak away. 他想溜，可是來不及了。第5頁/共14頁第五頁，共15頁。Conversion of Phrases to Sentences（短語分譯為分句(fnj)、偏正復句或獨立成句） Born on a Maryland farm in 1731, Benjamin Banneker was the son of a slave father and a freewoman mother. 本杰明.班內克1731年出生于馬里蘭州的一個

6、農場，父親是個奴隸，母親卻是自由民。 His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因為他沒有遵守(znshu)安全規(guī)則, 機器出了故障。 Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被創(chuàng)造，也不能被消滅，這是一條普遍公認的規(guī)律。第6頁/共14頁第六頁，共15頁。 I wrote four books in the first three years, a

7、 record never touched before. 我頭三年寫了四本書，打破了以往的記錄。 Through his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books. 本杰明.富蘭克林整個一生都在學習。他不但從書本中學習，而且也從與人交往中學習。 Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe. 醫(yī)生和病人常常談起一種神奇的藥物，而且說

8、的時候(sh hou)幾乎帶著一種敬畏的口氣。第7頁/共14頁第七頁，共15頁。Conversion of Clauses to Sentences轉從句為句子(j zi)（拆句或斷句） It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO. 人類最后必將揭開不明飛行物之謎。這一點是可以肯定的。（拆開名詞從句(cn j)） It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the knowledge in

9、the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means the easy job. 從書店和圖書館帶一些書回來是輕而易舉的。然而，從書中到知識并把這些知識運用到實踐中去絕不是 簡單的事情。第8頁/共14頁第八頁，共15頁。 After the war, his friend Kraemer got him a job as an instructor in an Army training school that paid $10,000 a year. 戰(zhàn)爭結束后，他的朋友克萊摩介紹他到一所軍事培訓學校去任教，年薪一萬美元。

10、In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. 在美國，許多(xdu)退休的人靠社會保險金來維持生活。這種保險金額非常小，所以他們的生活水平接近于貧困線。第9頁/共14頁第九頁，共15頁。2. Combination 合譯就是根據邏輯關系和語言習慣，翻譯時把原文的兩個或兩個以上的句子合成一個(y )句子 把原文中兩個或兩個以上的簡單句（simple sentence）譯成一個(y )單句

11、 把原文中的并列復合句（compound sentence）譯成一個(y )單句 把原文中的主從復合句（complex sentence）譯成一個(y )單句第10頁/共14頁第十頁，共15頁。Combination of simple sentencesThere are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South.這里這些人都是從全國各地來的。他們當中很多人是從南方來的。從全國各地來的這些人中有很多是南方人。2. It was April 1945. The Second World War was

12、 coming to an end. 這是1945年4月。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)已接近尾聲。1945年4月第二次世界大戰(zhàn)已接近尾聲。3. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.她回家去照顧(zho g)她丈夫。他病得很重。她回家去照顧(zho g)病重的丈夫。第11頁/共14頁第十一頁，共15頁。Combination of compound sentences It was an LST, and it was already nearly loaded with trucks and armored

13、 cars. 這是一艘?guī)缀?jh)裝滿了卡車和裝甲車的坦克登陸艦。 The river ran down to Pisa from Florence, and then it reached the sea. 那條河從佛羅倫薩流到比薩，然后到達大海。 那條河從佛羅倫薩流經比薩入海。第12頁/共14頁第十二頁，共15頁。Combination of complex sentences What is beautiful is not always good. 美的東西并不總是好的。 The differences that distinguished them were obviously associated with the different social lives that had led. 他們之間的區(qū)別顯然與她們各自的社會生活(shnghu)不同有關。 Up to now, it is only the rocket that can propel