it完整的用法

1、 The use of “it”一、一、 代詞代詞 a. 用作人稱代詞用作人稱代詞, 代替前文提到的物或一件事。代替前文提到的物或一件事。 My watch is missing. I cant find (it)anywhere Her father has gone abroad. Have you heard about (it)? b. 代替指示代詞代替指示代詞this, that。 Whats this? (Its) a computer Whose pen is that? Its minec. 也可以指動物或嬰兒也可以指動物或嬰兒(未知性別的嬰兒未知性別的嬰兒或或人人): Is

2、this your dog？No, it isnt. Whos that?Its me.it有時并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時間、日期、有時并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時間、日期、距離、價值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的距離、價值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的it：1.指天氣：指天氣：It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy. 2. 指時間指時間: It was nearly midnight when she came back.3. 指環(huán)境指環(huán)境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4. 指距離：指距離

3、：It is half an hours walk to the city centre from my home.d 作非人稱代詞作非人稱代詞 Discovering “It” It rains heavily. 2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddads house to James.3. It is November 11, 2005.4. It is 9 oclock at night. 5.Itll be lovely in the garden tonight 6. It is summer now. 7. It is about 5 kilogra

4、ms.8. -Whats the cost of the T-shirt? -It is 150 yuan. 天氣天氣距離距離日期日期時間時間環(huán)境環(huán)境季節(jié)季節(jié)度量度量價值價值Eg: I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using_ now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _soon.It用以指特定的前面提到過的事物，即：用以指特定的前面提到過的事物，即：it和它替和它替換的是同一個事物，換的是同一個事物，it前無修飾語；而前無

5、修飾語；而one用于替用于替換與前換與前面面事物有共同之處但并不完全一樣的事物事物有共同之處但并不完全一樣的事物?？键c：考點：1） It和和one的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 itone2)one, ones, that, thoseThat替換替換單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)有定冠詞的有定冠詞的指物指物的的名詞名詞，復數(shù)用，復數(shù)用those.one用于替換用于替換單數(shù)的單數(shù)的指人或指人或指物的指物的可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞。復數(shù)用復數(shù)用onesEg: The vase on the left is more beautiful than _ on the right.The coffee produce

6、d in Brazil is more famous than _in Mexico. the onethatEg:1 His younger sister is taller than the elder _.2 I need the plastic bags, not the paper_ .oneonesThat/ those一般不帶前置定語，但必須有后置定一般不帶前置定語，但必須有后置定語語,當替換詞的后置定語用所有格的當替換詞的后置定語用所有格的of短語不用短語不用one/ones而用而用that of/those of. E g : I l i k e t h e v a s e

7、b e t t e r t h a n _in another shop.The windows of your flat are cleaner than _of mine. A grandparents job is easier than _of a parent.The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while _ in their school arent.the one / thatthosethatthose二、引導詞：二、引導詞： a. 作形式主語作形式主語, 代替由不定式代替由不定式, 動名詞或動名

8、詞或從句表示的真正主語。從句表示的真正主語。 （1）It+ be +adj.+（for sb.）to do sth.此處此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy，difficult，hard，necessary,possible,likely，important，legal,clear，suitable，proper，useful，useless，dangerousa.It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.1. 代作主語的動詞不定式代作主語的動詞不定式Eg: The style

9、of the building is similar to _of a temple.A CD player made in Japan costs more than _made in China.thatone（2）It +be+ adj.+ of sb. to do sth.此處此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：通常為描述人的形容詞：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy等。等。 a.Its kind of you to help me

10、 with the problem.（3）It takes sb some time to do sth. (4) Its up to sb to do sth. a.Its up to you to decide whether well visit the Great Wall or not. (5)It is a good idea to buy a little notebook . 由某人來決定某事由某人來決定某事Its no good/ no use/ a waste of time doingIts useless/senseless Its（well）worth doingIt

11、s（well）worthwhile doing/ to doa.Its no use crying over spilt milk. b.It is great fun working for him. 2.it代作主語的動名詞的常見句型代作主語的動名詞的常見句型3. it作形式主語替代主語從句作形式主語替代主語從句 It is clear ( obvious，true，possible, certain ) that . 該句型中該句型中it 是形式主語，真正的主語是是形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導引導的主語從句，常譯為的主語從句，常譯為“清楚（顯然清楚（顯然, 真的真的）” 是主語從

12、句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is adj. +clause It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 該句型中的該句型中的it 仍是形式主語，真正主語是仍是形式主語，真正主語是that 引引導的主語從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為導的主語從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說（據(jù)報道，據(jù)說（據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉）據(jù)悉）”。It is said that he has come to

13、 Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.It is v-ed that=sb./sth. is to do It is + noun +從句從句 It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. ) that . 例如：例如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！這種事竟然發(fā)生在

14、你們班上，真是遺憾！It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！他生病了，真遺憾！It is a fact that he is a thief. It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他居然還活著他居然還活著, 真是個奇跡真是個奇跡。 II. 單句改錯單句改錯下面的句子選自高考試題的改錯部分，下面的句子選自高考試題的改錯部分，用你的火眼金睛把錯誤找出來吧！用你的火眼金睛把錯誤找出來吧！1. You wont find difficult to get to the city center. (2004全國卷全國卷IV)2

15、. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (湖北湖北2004)3. This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.find后加后加itthere itThis ItATTENTION There is no possibility that There is no doubt that There is no chance that There is no need to There is no point in Th

16、ere is no difficulty in I think it no use arguing with him.我認為和他爭吵沒有用。我認為和他爭吵沒有用。 I found it very interesting to studyEnglish.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學英語非常有趣。我發(fā)現(xiàn)學英語非常有趣。He made it clear that he was notinterested in this subject.他非常清楚地表示他對那門學科不感興趣。他非常清楚地表示他對那門學科不感興趣。c、用于強調(diào)句型中、用于強調(diào)句型中It is/was + 被強調(diào)部分被強調(diào)部分 + that/who . It

17、 is not until + 被強調(diào)部分被強調(diào)部分 + that . I met Tom in the park yesterday.1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.It is not until + 被強調(diào)部分被強調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強調(diào)句

18、型。主要用于強凋時間狀語，譯成漢語該句型也是強調(diào)句型。主要用于強凋時間狀語，譯成漢語 “直到直到才才”，可以說是，可以說是not . until . 的強調(diào)形的強調(diào)形式。例如式。例如: It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famo

19、us film star until she took off her dark glasses. ATTENTION:it引引導導的幾個易混淆的句型的幾個易混淆的句型1.It +is/has been+時間段時間段+since clause.a.It is five years since they got married. 2.It +was+時間段時間段+before-clause.（用一般過去時）（用一般過去時）“過多長時間才過多長時間才”a.It was long before the police arrived. It +will be+時間段時間段+before-clause.

20、（用一般現(xiàn)在時）（用一般現(xiàn)在時） “過多長時間才過多長時間才”b.It will be hours before he makes a decision.c.It was not long before they got married. “沒過多久就沒過多久就”3.It +was+時間點時間點+when-clause.(一般過去時）一般過去時）a.It was 8 oclock _he got home.b.It was at 8 o”clock_he got home.c.It was 8 hours ago_he got home.d.It was 8 hours_he got home

21、.whenthatbeforethat4.It is (about/high) time +that-clause.5.It/This/That is the first time +that-clause.(現(xiàn)在完成時）現(xiàn)在完成時）It/This/That was the first time +that-clause.(過去完成時）過去完成時）b、it作形式賓語作形式賓語 當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式、動名詞、當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句時，往往把賓語放在它的補足賓語從句時，往往把賓語放在它的補足語后面，而用語后面，而用it 作形式賓語，放在賓語作形式賓語，放在賓語補足語之前

22、。補足語之前。 該句型中的該句型中的it 作形式賓語，常用的動詞有作形式賓語，常用的動詞有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。等。 1).主語主語+謂語謂語+it+adj./n.+to do/that/doing.三三、it 常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配 make it（1）在口語當中相當于）在口語當中相當于succeed，表示：成功、，表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達做到、說定、趕上、及時到達 例例 Its hard to make it to the top in show business.（2）在口語中相當于）在口語中相當于fi

23、x the date for，表示，表示“約定好時間約定好時間”例例 Shall we meet next week？OK. We just make it next Saturday.5.catch it 被責罵被責罵; 受處罰受處罰e.g. If I come home late Ill catch it from my mother. 如如果我回家晚了果我回家晚了, 我媽媽會罵我。我媽媽會罵我。 Youll catch it because of your carelessness. 你會因為你的不小心受處罰的。你會因為你的不小心受處罰的。2).可以用在可以用在enjoy,appreci

24、ate,hate,like,enjoy,love 等動詞后等動詞后不能不能直接跟上直接跟上when/if 從句時，要在從從句時，要在從句前加上代詞句前加上代詞it.a.I would appreciate_if you could come to my birthday party.b.She hates_when you use her books.3).在短語在短語depend on, rely on ,see to（確保，負責）（確保，負責）answer for ，stick to 等后接等后接that從句時用形式賓語從句時用形式賓語it. a.Shell answer for it t

25、hat he passes the exam.itit2. take it/things easy 相當于相當于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用來勸告別人，用來勸告別人，表示表示“不要慌，別擔心，沉住氣不要慌，別擔心，沉住氣”Take it easy！ He will do it well.3. It all depends/that all depends 在口語中，相當在口語中，相當于于it hasnt been decided yet，表示，表示“那得看情況，那得看情況，還沒有定下來還沒有定下來” Are you going to the countryside f

26、or holiday？It/That all depends.4. Its up to sb. 在口語中，相當于在口語中，相當于its decided by sb. 表示表示“由由決決定，由定，由負責，取決于負責，取決于”Shall we go out for dinner？Its up to you.6. I cant help it. 我沒有辦法我沒有辦法a.If I can help_,I dont like working late into the night.A.so B.that C.it D.them7.Got it！明白！明白8.Put it 表達表達9.Thats it.這

27、就對了！這就對了！就是這樣。就是這樣。 有關(guān)有關(guān)it的幾個特殊句型的幾個特殊句型 ： (1) owe it to sb. that把歸功于 例：I owe it to you that I finished my work in time. 虧你幫忙，我才及時完成了工作。 (2) take it for granted that 想當然 例：I take it for granted that they will support this idea. 我認為他們會支持這個提議是理所當然的。 (3) keep it in mind that 例：It must be kept in mind t

28、hat there is no secret of success but hard work. 。 (4) It can be seen from the statistics that .從這個統(tǒng)計可看出 例句：It can be seen from the statistics that exercise is good for us.從這個統(tǒng)計可以看出，練習對我們是有好處的。 (5). It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動詞后， enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel

29、 like, see to, appreciate, stand 賓語從句緊跟it之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I cant. 我妒嫉你游泳那么好，而我不能。 (6). It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟it之后（except that例外） 例：Im for it that you will follow their advice. 我贊成你采納他們的意見。 (7) It must be pointed out that 必須指出的是 例句：It must be pointed out that it is one of ou

30、r basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. 一定要指出的是國家基本政策之一是在提高人口質(zhì)量的同時控制 人口增長。 (8) It has been proved that 有人已經(jīng)證實 例：It has been proved that his theory is right. I. 單項選擇單項選擇1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津天津200

31、7) A. this B. that C. it D. these 2. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江浙江2006)A. As B. That C. This D. It3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. (2005全國卷全國卷III)A. it B. she C. which D. h

32、e4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山東山東2006)A. thatB. it C. this D. you5.Is_three hours_ the boy_family is poor to come to school on foot?A.it;that;whose B.it;when;that C.that;when;whose D.it;that it takes;whose6.Was_that I saw last night at the concert? A.it

33、 you B.not you C.you D.that yourself7._worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.A.This B.That C.What D.It8.Was_at the school_ was named after a hero _he spent his childhood? A.it;which;that B.that;that;that C.it;that;which D.that;it;that9.What a pity my new computer doesnt work! _ must be something wrong with it. A.It