高中英語情態(tài)動詞講解與練習(xí)五

1、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1. can (could1表示能力,could主要指過去時間。Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學(xué)前能識字嗎?2表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上。The temperature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing.氣溫可降至60,也就是零下60。He can´t (couldn´t have enough money for a new car. 他

2、不可能有足夠的錢買新車。You mustn´t smoke while you´re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.在林子里走時勿吸煙,那樣可能會引起火災(zāi)。3表示允許。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎?He asked whether he could take the book out of the readingroom.他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。4表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。Where can (c

3、ould they have gone to? 他們會去哪兒了呢?He can´t (couldn´t be over sixty. 他不可能超過六十歲。How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心?5比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。Can (Could you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎?I´m afraid we couldn´t give you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答復(fù)。2. may (might1表允許,might可以指過去時間,也可指現(xiàn)在時間,語氣更委婉。You

4、may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。May (Might I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎?在回答以may引起的問句時,多避免用這個詞,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don´t ./ You´d better not. / No, you mustn´t.等,以免顯得太嚴峻或不客氣。2表可能(事實上?？?/p>

5、以指過去時間,也可以指現(xiàn)在時間,但語氣更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他擔心他們可能不同意他的意見。They might be having a meeting, but I´m not sure. 他們有可能在開會,不過我不肯定。3. must1表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”(主觀意志。We must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進地做。You mus

6、tn´t talk to her like that. 你不可能那樣對她說話。-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? 我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習(xí)本嗎?-No, you needn´t. / No, you don´t have to. 不必。(這種情況下,一般不用mustn´t2表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他準是病了。他的臉色蒼白。She´s wearing a diamond necklace. She must hav

7、e a lot of money.她戴著鉆石項鏈,一定很有錢。4. shall1表征詢意見,用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。Shall I get you some tea? 我給你點茶好嗎?Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎?What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么?2表說話人的意愿,有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思,用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。You shall do as I say. 按我說的做。(命令You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。(允諾He shall

8、 be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他會后悔的,我告訴你。(警告Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項計劃(決心 5. will1表意愿,用于各種人稱陳述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。None is so blind as those who won´t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, I´ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意讀這本書

9、,我會把它借給你。2表請求,用于疑問句。Will you close the window? It´s a bit cold. 請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎?有點冷。Won´t you drink some more coffee? 再來一點咖啡好嗎?3表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作。Fish will die out of water. 魚離開水就不能活。The door won´t open. 這門打不開。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點,看著車

10、輛行人通過。6. should1表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”(某件事宜于做,用于各種人稱。You should be polite to your teachers. 你對老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。You shouldn´t waste any time. 你不應(yīng)該浪費時間。2表推測,意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計”等。The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.這部新電影是一流演員主演的,估計拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照說他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當已經(jīng)到家了。7.would1表意愿。The

11、y would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他們不讓他進去因為他衣著舊。I said I would do anything for you. 我說過我愿意為你做任何事。2表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎?Would you mind cleaning the window? 請把窗戶擦一下好嗎?They wouldn´t have anything against it. 他們不會有什么反對意見。3表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾

12、向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。8. ought to1表義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)該”(因責任、義務(wù)等該做,口氣比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親,應(yīng)當管他。You oughtn´t to smoke so much. 你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。2表推測,暗含很大的可能,語氣較弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.

13、 韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。There´s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天應(yīng)該是個好天。9. used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在不復(fù)發(fā)生或存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他過去住在鄉(xiāng)下,現(xiàn)在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.街道拐角處過

14、去有座樓房,現(xiàn)在拆了。I usedn´t (didn´t use to smoke. 我過去不抽煙。Used you (Did you use to go to school on foot? 你過去常步行去學(xué)校嗎?情態(tài)動詞還有一個很重要的用法,即情態(tài)動詞表推測情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法小結(jié)(一情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種句式1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定,may(可能,might / could(也許,或許。(1He must/may/might know the answer to this question?他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。(2It is cold in

15、 the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷,他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。2.否定句中用cant / couldnt(不可能, may not/might not(可能不。(1It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America.這不可能是校長,他去美國了。(2He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也許不認識那位科學(xué)家。3.疑問句中用can/could (能?。(1Could he have finished the task? 他可

16、能把任務(wù)完成了嗎?(2Can he be at home now? 他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎?注:以上三種句式中情態(tài)動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過去式,而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。(二情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時態(tài)1.對將來情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞+ 動詞原形”。(1She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。(2She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting any

17、one. 她一定/可能/也許會在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個人。2.對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞+ be”,“情態(tài)動詞+be doing”或“情態(tài)動詞+ 動詞原形”。(1He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機。(2He cant ( couldnt / may ( might not be at home at this time.這個時候他不可能/可能不在家。(3Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could he

18、be late for the opening ceremony ?布什先生一向準時,這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢?3.對過去情況的推測,用“情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞”。(1It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.地濕了,昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。(2The door was locked. He can ( could not / may ( might not have been at home .門鎖著,他不可能/可能不在家。(3Can / Could he have gott

19、en the book?難道他找到書了嗎?注:情態(tài)動詞should /ought to表推測時,意為“想必會,理應(yīng)”但與“have +過去分詞”連用時,則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”。例如:(4Its seven oclock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.現(xiàn)在七點鐘了,杰克理應(yīng)隨時到達。(推測(5She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虛擬她本該出

20、席你的生日晚會的,可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。(6Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虛擬湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密,可是他并無惡意。重點疑難(一need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動詞,也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時,主要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實義動詞時,可用于各種句式。1.用作情態(tài)動詞-Need I come? -Yes, you must. -我需要來嗎? -需要。You needn´t telephone him now. 你現(xiàn)在不必打電話

21、給他。I don´t think you need worry. 我想你不必發(fā)愁。She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一個人出去。How dare you say I´m unfair? 你竟敢說我不公平?Not one of them dared mention this. 他們誰也不敢提這件事。2.用作實義動詞You don´t need to do it yourself. 你不必親自做這件事。We need to tell them the news. 我們需要把這消息告訴他們。The table needs

22、painting (to be painted. 桌子需要油漆一下。We should dare to give our own opinion. 我們要敢于提出自己的觀點。He did not dare (to look up. 他不敢抬頭看。I dare day he´ll come again. 我想他會再來的。(cI dare say為固定習(xí)語(二情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式和進行式的用法1.情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式,表“應(yīng)當已經(jīng)”,“想必已經(jīng)”,“本來可以”等意。I should have finished the work earlier. 我應(yīng)當早一點完成這項工作的。He isn

23、80;t here. He must have missed the train. 他還未到,一定是沒趕上火車。Where can (could he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢?You may (might have read about it. 你可能在報上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。You could (might have been more careful. 你本來可以更細心的。He needn´t have worried about it. 他本不必為此事?lián)?。There was a lot of fun at yesterday´s party. You

24、ought to have come, but why didn´t you昨天的聚會非常有意思。你本應(yīng)該來,為何不來呢?2. 情態(tài)動詞后跟進行式,表示“想必正在”,“可能正在”,“應(yīng)當正在”等意。It´s twelve o´clock. They must be having lunch. 現(xiàn)在是十二點。他們一定正在吃飯。They may be discussing this problem. 他們可能正在論討這個問題。He can´t be telling the truth. 他說的不可能是真話。She shouldn´t be work

25、ing like that. She´s still so weak. 她不應(yīng)當那樣干,她身體仍那么虛。(三幾組詞的辨異1. can 和be able to1情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式,現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could,而be able to有多種時態(tài)形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。2用在過去時中,could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事,事實上不一定去做,而waswere able to則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。He coul

26、d swim across the English Channel. But he didn´t feel like it that day.他能游過英吉利海峽,但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。2. must和 have tomust表示主觀意志,而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式,除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間,在直接引語中表示過去時間應(yīng)該用had to代替。I told her that she must give up sm

27、oking. 我叫她必須戒煙。We had to get everything ready that night. 我們那晚得把一切準備就緒。3. would和used to1used to表示過去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同,而would只表過去的情況。People used to think that the earth was flat.過去人們認為地球是平的。(現(xiàn)在人們不這么認為。She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.在鄉(xiāng)下時,她總是在早晨去散會兒步。(可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習(xí)慣。

28、2used to可表示過去的習(xí)慣動作和經(jīng)常的情況,而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣動作。He used to would smoke while writing. 過去他寫東西時常抽煙。She used to be fat. 她過去很胖專項練習(xí)(一1. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong.A. dare not askB. dare not to askC. dare not askingD. dare to not ask2. There _ some flowers in the garden.A. were used to beB. used

29、 to beC. uses to beD. used to be having3. “_ I take it out?”“I´m sorry, you _.”A. Could couldn´tB. Mightmight notC. CouldcanD. Maycan´t4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You _ hurt yourself.A. mayB. mightC. willD. might have5. You _ those letters. Why didn´t you ?A. should pos

30、tB. should have postedC. must have postedD. ought to post.6. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up.A. must getB. is gettingC. must be gettingD. would get7. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink.A. willcanB. maycanC. maydaresD. darecan8. “Need we do this job now?”“Yes,_.”A. you n

31、eedB. you shouldC. you mustD. you can9. _ to have lunch with us today?A. Do you likesB. Would you likeC. Will you likedD. Have you liked10. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished.A. mayB. mustC. canD. might11. Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his

32、 car.A. mustB. canC. needD. may12. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isn´t very sure yet.A. mustB. canC. mayD. will13. Michael _ be a policeman, for he´s much too short.A. needn´tB. can´tC. shouldn´tD. won´t14. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some ca

33、kes.A. mayB. mightC. canD. could15. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to sayB. dare sayingC. not dare sayD. dared say16. Come on! We _ hurry because there isn´t much time left.A. mayB. mustC. canD. need17. Amy did best in the English test. She _ hard last week.A. must have workingB.

34、 should have workedC. should workD. must work18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to19. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed

35、20. It´s nearly seven o´clock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can專項練習(xí)(二1. Jean have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. would2. Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.A. could; couldB. might; couldC. sho

36、uld; couldD. should; would3. So many mistakes in your homework! You more careful.A. may beB. had toC. would beD. should have been4.Her brother be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldn't5.-I cant understand why our boss

37、 is late. -He the early bus.A. could missB. may have missedC. can have missedD. might miss6. She didn't answer the phone, she _ asleep.A. may beB. must beC. should have beenD. must have been7.The little girls eyes were red. She _.A. may cryB. must cryC. must be criedD. must have been crying8.He_

38、 his supper now, for the dining hall is still closed.A. cant be havingB. neednt be havingC. mustnt be havingD. shouldn't be having9.I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It _ .A. may be stolenB. must be stolenC. must have been stolenD. must have stolen10. _ Mr. Black_go to wo

39、rk by ferry before the bridge was built?A. Did; used toB. Use; toC. Did; use toD. Does; use to11. The hotel is only a stones throw away, you _ take a bus.A. need not toB. not need toC. don't needD. need not12. I am busy now, _ my brother do it for you ?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May13. -You neednt

40、 do it right now, need you?-Yes I am afraid I _ .A. needB. needntC. mustD. mustnt14.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _ have taken it? (2003年上海春季高考 A. should B. must C. could D. would15. -The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course. (2003年北京春季高考A.WillB. ShallC. WouldD. Do16. If y

41、ou have something important to do, you _ waste any time.A. needntB. mustntC. may notD. wont17. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student card_ here.A. has to leaveB. must leaveC. has to be leftD. must be left18. “ Did you scold him for his carelessness?”“Yes, but _ it”A. Id rather

42、not doB. Id rather not have doneC. I shouldnt doD. Id better not do19. “ Dont get near to it . It is too dangerous!”“_” .A. Yes, I wontB. No, I dontC. No, I cantD. No, I wont20. He must be in the classroom, _ he?A. mustntB. cantC. isntD.can21. He_ be in the garden. He must be in the room.A. cantB. m

43、ustntC. will notD. may not22. “Do you have to leave now?”“I am very sorry, but I really_.”A. cantB. haveC. shouldD. must23. “Lets go to the library, shall we?”“_?”A. No, I cantB. Yes, I willC. Yes , thank youD. No, wed better not24. “Can I take it away?”“ You _ better not.”A. shouldB. couldC. wouldD

44、. had25. You _ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.A. couldntB. needntC. wouldntD. mustnt26. See who is there!_it be May?A. MayB. MustC. CanD. Will27. John_ be a basketball player. He is much too short.A. mayB. mustntC. cantD. should28. The Chinese teacher looks so pale. She _ be

45、 ill.A. mustB. mustntC. canD. need29. Something_to save our earth. Do you think so?A. can doB. must doC. has to doD. must be done30. Look at what you have done! You _ be more careful.A. oughtB. canC. wouldD. should專項練習(xí)(三1. Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party. He _. He is a man of

46、keeping his word.A. could have leftB. must have leftC. cant comeD. wont be comi ng2. May I park my car here? No, you _. No car is allowed to park here.A. may notB. needntC. mustntD. darent3. Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is?Its two blocks straight ahead. You _ miss it.A. m

47、ustntB. cantC. needntD. shouldnt4. I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning.You _. Hes still on holiday in Hawaii.A. c ouldnt h aveB. mustnt haveC. shouldntD. neednt5. How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher? Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he _ know _ to expe

48、ct us.A. shall; whyB. could; whenC. would; whatD. will; how6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _ be just noise to others.A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. could7. Someone _ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.A. must be usingB. must have usedC. must useD. must have been using8. How dan

49、gerous it was! Yes, but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl _.A. was drownedB. could have been drownedC. had drownedD. should be drowned9. You _ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you _ hurt him.A. should; canB. may; willC. mustnt; mayD. cant; must10. Why does Alice k

50、now so much about Angkor Wat? She _ have been there, or .A. mustB. oughtnt toC. mayD. cant11. You may la ugh, but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian. Oh, you _ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.A. mustB. mayC. willD. need12. Whats the matter with you?Oh, Im not feeling well in the st

51、omach. I _ so much fried fi sh just now.A. shouldnt eatB. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eatenD. mustnt eat13. _ he have been chosen as captain of the football team? Yes, he _.A. Can; must haveB. Must; must haveC. Can; mustD. Must; must14. Mr. Zhang _ in Shanghai tomorrow morning.A. can have arri

52、vedB. will have arrivedC. may have arrivedD. must have arrived15. Miss Wang started at 8 oclock, and she _ be there now.A. shouldB. canC. cantD. need16. It must be Mr. Li who did it. No, it _ be Mr. Li.A. mustntB. wouldntC. cantD. may17. You _ finish reading the book as soon as possible.A. mayB. can

53、C. needD. should18. Need you go to work now? Yes, I _.A. mustB. needC. canD. dare19. Your trousers are dirty. _ them for you?A. Shall I washB. Will I washC. Am I going to washD. Am I washing20. You are late for school today. You _ to school earlier.A. ought to comeB. should have comeC. ought have co

54、meD. should come21. We must learn from Lei Feng, _ we?A. mayB. cantC. dontD. neednt22. She must be hungry, _ she?A. isntB. needntC. doesnt D wont23. He ought to come here early, _ he?A. wouldB. shouldC. didntD. shouldnt24. You used to smoke, _ you?A. used toB. dontC. didntD. shouldnt25. You ought _ for what you havent done.A. not to be punishedB. not be punishedC. to not punishedD. to not be punished26. _ you please tell me the way to the post office?A. MustB. NeedC. WouldD. Should27. Im sure he _ have the comp