大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試聽力技巧講解和真題分析

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試聽力技巧講解和真題分析 李潔慧一、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試對(duì)聽力能力的要求 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)基本要求對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)聽力能力的一般要求（即四級(jí)水平）可以量化為：能聽懂英語(yǔ)授課、能聽懂日常英語(yǔ)談話和一般性題材講座、能基本聽懂英語(yǔ)慢速節(jié)目，語(yǔ)速130詞/分，并能運(yùn)用基本聽力技巧幫助理解中心思想和信息要點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)確率不低于70%。 二、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力考試的題型 Section A：包括八個(gè)短對(duì)話（8道題）和兩篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話（7道題）。SectionB：三篇短文（10道題），每篇短文長(zhǎng)度在200240詞之間。SectionC:一篇復(fù)合式聽寫（11道題）。復(fù)合式聽寫要聽三遍，補(bǔ)全8個(gè)單詞，根據(jù)意思寫出3個(gè)句子

2、，文章長(zhǎng)度在240280詞之間。 三、提高聽力的方法和步驟1. 聽懂考題。真題訓(xùn)練+模擬題訓(xùn)練是聽力應(yīng)試的捷徑。精聽真題，泛聽模擬套題。精聽強(qiáng)調(diào)聽懂詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，就是一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞地往過摳，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)都要搞清楚。泛聽是抓大意，聽重點(diǎn)信息。2.朗讀與跟讀使用過的材料，主要是糾音，并熟悉語(yǔ)調(diào)，記清楚聽力中的問題詞匯和短語(yǔ)。 3. 把握出題規(guī)律，掌握做題技巧。四、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽力各種題型的應(yīng)對(duì)策略 1. 短對(duì)話 (1) 綜合解題思路遵Ñ以場(chǎng)景詞為核心（如：家庭、學(xué)習(xí)、生活、工作、娛樂、用餐、天氣、購(gòu)物、醫(yī)療、交通等），把握關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯（如：轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、時(shí)間、比較、重復(fù)等）和關(guān)鍵句型句式

3、（如：反問句式、建議句型等），結(jié)合語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)速變化所引起的特征發(fā)音現(xiàn)象（如：連讀、失去爆破等）。(2) 歷年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試短對(duì)話中七種常見句型根據(jù)近年出題思路與喜好偏向，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，就考點(diǎn)而言，近年的短對(duì)話中常見句型有以下七種。熟悉這些句型對(duì)聽力能力的提高很有幫助。A. 表達(dá)建議的句子Why not? Why dont you?What do you think of?If I were you, I wouldYoud betterB. 否定句全否定關(guān)鍵詞：no, none, nobody, nothing半否定關(guān)鍵詞：Not all, not everything, hardly,

4、 scarcely, rarely, seldom 雙重否定關(guān)鍵詞：not uncommon, no one can deny表面否定，其實(shí)表達(dá)肯定意義：Never better, I cant agree with you more. （我非常同意觀點(diǎn)）表面肯定，其實(shí)表達(dá)否定意義：Climbing is the last thing in the world I want to do. （字面意思是：爬山是這世界上我最后想做的事；其實(shí)正確的理解是：我根本不想去爬山。）C. 轉(zhuǎn)折句but題型but以后是重點(diǎn)。常見的句式是：Idlove to / Id like to / Sounds grea

5、t / Sounds a lot of fun. but.D. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句It isthatE. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣F. 比較句G. 反問句式(3) 短對(duì)話聽力的一些原則A. 推理原則：一般需對(duì)對(duì)話進(jìn)行推理，故直接在對(duì)話中聽到的不一定是正確答案。B.挫折原則：通常要辦的事情都是不順利的（買東西買不到，訂房間客滿，考試、作業(yè)、論文一般比較難，或需要熬夜等）。C.男女原則：男生提出的觀點(diǎn)女生通常不同意或有不同的看法，反之女生提出的觀點(diǎn)男生則常常表示同意和贊賞。D. 父母教育子女好好學(xué)習(xí)。E.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試聽力短對(duì)話中一般只考日常生活學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的事情、問題，所以如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一些日常生活中不太可能發(fā)生或很少發(fā)生

6、的事情，一般不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)。(4) 短對(duì)話中九大場(chǎng)景常見高頻詞匯英語(yǔ)交際通常使用一種模式化的語(yǔ)言，在固定的場(chǎng)景中其詞匯和表達(dá)也相對(duì)比較固定。所以考生只要平時(shí)注意積累場(chǎng)景高頻詞匯和習(xí)慣表達(dá)，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)重點(diǎn)突出，強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，就可以在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試聽力短對(duì)話部分拿高分。八個(gè)短對(duì)話按照真題分析可以歸納為如下場(chǎng)景：A. 校園場(chǎng)景（宿舍、教室、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、圖書館）全體教職員工：faculty 本科生：undergraduate 導(dǎo)師：tutor 必修課： required/compulsory course 選修課： elective/optional course學(xué)分：credits 小論文：essay 學(xué)位

7、論文：dissertation 學(xué)術(shù)類期刊：journal 學(xué)期報(bào)告：term paper 期刊：periodical 最終期限：deadline 延期：extension 期末考試：finals 期中考試：mid-term博士學(xué)位：doctorate 學(xué)費(fèi)：tuition fee 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金：scholarship / fellowship最近一刊：latest issue 閱讀書目：reading list到期：due 過期：overdue 付罰款：pay a fine 筆記本電腦：laptop 圖書管理員：librarian 索書條：call slip 圖書目錄：catalog 續(xù)借：ren

8、ew 書庫(kù)：stack 開架選書：open-shelf 注冊(cè)、登記：sign up for 參考書：reference books 打字機(jī)：typewriter 打印機(jī)：printer 激光打印機(jī)：laser printer B. 餐館場(chǎng)景（定座、點(diǎn)菜、結(jié)賬、小費(fèi)、投訴等）酒館、客棧：pub 汽車旅館：motel （鄉(xiāng)村或公路邊上的）旅館：inn 自助餐廳：cafeteria 三明治：sandwich餡餅：pie 甜食：dessert 色À：salad 威士忌：whisky 軟飲料：soft drink 葡萄酒：wine 賬單：bill 小費(fèi)：tip 付賬單：pay the bill

9、 AA制：go Dutch這飯菜不錯(cuò)：worth the money 各付各的賬：Lets split it. 這次我請(qǐng)客：This is my treat. C. 醫(yī)院場(chǎng)景（問診、問候、問藥、問價(jià)）學(xué)校醫(yī)務(wù)室：infirmary 急診室：emergency department 醫(yī)療中心：medical centre學(xué)生健康中心：students health centre 急救病房：emergency rooms特護(hù)病房：ICU (intensive care unit) 診所：clinic 病房：ward 探視時(shí)間：visiting hours 開處方：prescribe 處方：pres

10、cription按處方抓藥：fill the prescription 還按原方抓藥：refill the prescription 藥片：tablet 手術(shù)：operation 外科醫(yī)生：surgeon 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生：physician 骨折：fracture 流感：flu 心臟?。篽eart attack 昏迷：faint 嗓子痛：sore throat 高血壓：high blood pressure 嘔吐：vomit 治療：treat 治愈：cureD. 銀行場(chǎng)景 賬戶：account 存折：bank book 開戶：open an account 信用卡：credit card 存款：de

11、posit 透支：overdraw 自動(dòng)提款機(jī)：ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) 利率：interest rate 支票戶頭：check account 銀行職員：bank clerk 將支票兌換成現(xiàn)金：cash the check E. 旅館場(chǎng)景 無(wú)空房：(be) booked up 客房服務(wù)： room service 登記入住手續(xù)： check in 結(jié)賬：check out 單/雙人間：single/double room 訂房： reserve 行李員： porter 登記員： register 前臺(tái) ：front desk 前臺(tái)服務(wù)： reception

12、 F. 郵局場(chǎng)景 快遞服務(wù)：EMS（Express Mail Service） 航空郵件：air mail 郵資：postage 小包裹：package/parcel 超重：overweight 發(fā)電報(bào)：send a telegram 掛號(hào)信：registered letter 明信片：postcard 加急電報(bào)：urgent cable 遞送：deliverG. 機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景飛機(jī)：airplane 航班：flight 起飛：take off 降落：land 盤旋：circle 機(jī)翼：wing 候機(jī)大廳：terminal H. 找工作、面試場(chǎng)景分類廣告：classified ad 公告板：bull

13、etin board 供求關(guān)系版：help and wanted section 傳單：flier 個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷：resume 面試：interview 證書：certificates 資格：qualification 身份證：identification 推薦信：reference letter I. 購(gòu)物場(chǎng)景待售：for sale 出售：on sale 削價(jià)：price reduction 廉價(jià)品：bargain 拍賣：auction 不流行，過時(shí)：out of style/fashion 收據(jù)：receipt 出納員：cashier百貨公司：department store 超市：super

14、market 市場(chǎng)價(jià)：market price 折扣：discount 退貨：to return purchase 銷售季節(jié)：selling season 購(gòu)物時(shí)間：shopping hour 一口價(jià)：one price 現(xiàn)金：cash 信用卡：credit card2. 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話兩組長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的理解題型一般隨話輪的交替而追問事件的先后次序、事件的因果關(guān)系、事件的邏輯對(duì)比和對(duì)照等關(guān)系，以及對(duì)話一方的行為和打算等。 長(zhǎng)對(duì)話就其出題分布而言，一般會(huì)有一題整體把握，考查對(duì)話主題、對(duì)話人物關(guān)系或?qū)υ挼攸c(diǎn)場(chǎng)景等。若對(duì)話為多話題內(nèi)容，之后部分則選擇其中幾個(gè)話題進(jìn)行考查；若對(duì)話內(nèi)容為單一事件的描述，則關(guān)注事件的起

15、因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等方面；如果是調(diào)研性內(nèi)容，則考查點(diǎn)往往可能集中到被調(diào)研人的觀點(diǎn)、意見、建議等方面。 Conversation One W: Sir, youve been using the online catalogue for quite a while. Is there anything I can do to help you? M: Well, Ive got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and Im really struggling. There are hundreds of books, and

16、I just dont know where to begin. W: Your topic sounds pretty big. Why dont you narrow it down to something likeuh the history of the studios during that time? M: You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more than 30 books came up when I typed in “movie studios”. W: You could cut that down even

17、 further by listing the specific years you want. Try adding “1930s” or “1940s” or maybe “Golden Age”. M: “Golden Age” is a good idea. Let me type that in. Hey, look, just 6 books this time. Thats a lot better. W: Oh another thing you might consider. Have you tried looking for any magazine or newspap

18、er articles? M: No, Ive only been searching for books. W: Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature. And we do have the Los Angeles Times available over there. You might go through their indexes to see if theres anything you want. M: Okay, I think Ill get

19、started with these books and then Ill go over the magazines. W: If you need any help, Ill be over at the Reference Desk. M: Great. Thanks a lot. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. What is the man doing? 24. What does the librarian think of the topic the man is

20、working on ? 25. Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles? 本文第一題同樣是對(duì)對(duì)話主題的考查；而第二題則是對(duì)女人態(tài)度以及反問句式的考查，并且該反問句式還是建議句型的表達(dá)模式；第三題則是對(duì)建議句型的考查，考查女人建議男人怎么做。 3 短文理解(1) 大綱要求文理解一般由三篇內(nèi)容難度適當(dāng)，話題比較流行，250詞左右的小品文或者小故事組成。每篇文章之后有34個(gè)問題，問題往往涉及到考生對(duì)短文中重要細(xì)節(jié)、中心思想、作者態(tài)度、特殊詞匯的理解。短文聽力對(duì)考生的語(yǔ)言感知能力、邏輯思維能力、短時(shí)記憶能力都是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)?？忌挥性诙?/p>

21、讀、多聽的基礎(chǔ)上才能提高短文理解的準(zhǔn)確率。 (2) 歷年真題出現(xiàn)的體裁類型A. 說明文主要關(guān)注說明對(duì)象、說明對(duì)象各方面的特點(diǎn)等。介紹新的概念，說明起源、發(fā)展過程、現(xiàn)狀、展望未來(lái)，對(duì)我們的影響和用途（正負(fù)兩方面）等。B. 議論文討論型：根據(jù)問題進(jìn)行討論，分析原因一、原因二，最后說明如何解決。對(duì)比型：兩種觀點(diǎn)、流派、理論進(jìn)行對(duì)比，比較兩種的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，最后突出自己的觀點(diǎn)。C. 記敘文以短小故事類為主，考查事情的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。(3) 聽力短文的分類及對(duì)策A. 主觀題又稱態(tài)度題，問Speaker對(duì)所敘述的對(duì)象的態(tài)度，或褒或貶。典型的問題有：What is the speakers impression

22、 of? What is the speakers attitude to / toward? 短文題中一般是褒的態(tài)度。B. 客觀題比如數(shù)字題。Section A這部分要考查對(duì)數(shù)字的進(jìn)一步運(yùn)算能力。你聽到的多為原始數(shù)據(jù)，而不是最終結(jié)果（正確選項(xiàng)）。但是，在Section B的短文中，一般聽到哪個(gè)數(shù)字就要選那個(gè)數(shù)字。短文中的數(shù)字不考運(yùn)算。C. 主旨思想題考查文章的整體思想把握，即中心思想題。一篇文章的首尾是這篇文章的靈魂，體現(xiàn)Speaker的觀點(diǎn)。典型的問題有What is the passage mainly about? What is the passage talking about?

23、What is the main idea of this talk? 等。解題對(duì)策：對(duì)于中心思想題，我們可以從三方面來(lái)把握。其一從選項(xiàng)入手，選項(xiàng)中多次出現(xiàn)的詞一般是中心詞（Keyword），正確的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該圍繞這個(gè)中心詞來(lái)敘述。其二從短文入手，要特別注意文章的兩頭。尤其是文章的開始兩個(gè)句子最重要。其三從問題入手，這里也可以提供中心詞的線索。多數(shù)考題都問及的詞一般就是文章的中心詞。D. 細(xì)節(jié)題關(guān)注中間出現(xiàn)的表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞。(4) 短文聽力的答題技巧總結(jié)聽文章開頭和末尾部分，中間抓小詞。文章的兩頭是一篇文章的重點(diǎn)，文章的開頭是觀點(diǎn)，文章的結(jié)尾是結(jié)論。而中間是細(xì)節(jié)，是用來(lái)支持觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)。聽短文，

24、聽結(jié)構(gòu)。一般正確選項(xiàng)基本會(huì)是原文的重現(xiàn)。所以，最好能做到邊聽邊記。(5) 真題講解為了便于理解上面提到的應(yīng)試技巧，我們來(lái)看2007年6月真題中出現(xiàn)過的一篇聽力短文。Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) He suffered a nervous breakdown.B) He was wrongly diagnosed.C) He was seriously injured in the leg.D) He developed a strange disease.30. A) He was

25、able to talk again. B) He raced to the nursing home.C) He could tell red and blue apart. D) He could not recognize his wife.31. A) Twenty-nine days. B) Two and a half months.C) Several minutes. D) Fourteen hours. 32. A) They welcomed the publicity in the media.B) The avoided appearing on television.

26、C) They released a video of his progress.D) They declined to give details of his condition.Passage ScriptDuring a 1995 roof collapse, 29 a firefighter named Donald Herbert was left brain damaged. For ten years, he was unable to speak. Then, 30 one Saturday morning, he did something that shocked his

27、family and doctors. He started speaking. “I want to talk to my wife,” Donald Herbert said out of the blue. Staff members of the nursing home where he had lived for more than seven years raced to get Linda Herbert on the telephone. “It was the first of many conversations the 44-year-old patient had w

28、ith his family and friends during the 14-hour stretch,” Herberts uncle Simon Menka said. “How long have I been away?” Herbert asked. “We told him almost ten years,” the uncle said. “He thought it was only three months.” Herbert was fighting a house fire December 29, 1995, when the roof collapsed, bu

29、rying him underneath. After going without air for several minutes, 31 Herbert was unconscious for two and a half months and has undergone therapy ever since. News accounts in the days and years after his injury described Herbert as blind and with little memory. 32 Menka declined to discuss his nephe

30、ws current condition or whether the apparent progress was continuing. “The family was seeking privacy while doctors evaluated Herbert,” he said. As word of Herberts progress spread, visitors streamed into the nursing home. “Hes resting comfortably,” the uncle told them. 29. What happened to Herbert ten years ago?答案 A。解析文章剛開頭就提到了Herbert十年前的遭遇“屋頂?shù)顾?，身為消防員的他大腦損傷，喪失了語(yǔ)言能力”，所以答案選A。30.What surprised Donald Herberts family and doctors one Saturday?答案 A。解析 文章說到，一個(gè)周六的早上，他做了一件令家人和醫(yī)生震驚的事情：他開口說話了。所以答案選A