研究生英語閱讀教程(基礎(chǔ)級3版)課文答案翻譯 經(jīng)典重點

1、Lesson 1II. TranslationPut the following passages into Chinese.1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in

2、 everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh. that their long-term future must be considered. very greatly at risk.因為英語是個殺手。正是英語造成了康瑞克、康尼施、諾恩、曼科斯等語言的消亡。在其中一部分島上還有相當(dāng)多的人使用在英語到來之前就已存在的語言。然而,英語

3、在日常生活中無處不在。所有的人或幾乎所有的人都懂英語。英語對現(xiàn)存的凱爾特語愛爾蘭語、蘇格蘭蓋爾語及威爾士語的威脅是如此之大,它們的未來岌岌可危。2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white"

4、 English-speaking world, have (by design or default encouraged or at least toleratedand certainly have not opposedthe hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同時,他認(rèn)為這些政策和他稱之為語言歧視(和種族歧視、性別歧視的情況類似的偏見密切相關(guān)。在菲利普森看來,在以白人英語為主導(dǎo)的世界,最重要的機構(gòu)和個

5、人(有意或無意地鼓勵或者至少是容忍了(肯定沒有反對英語霸權(quán)主義式的傳播。這種傳播始于三個世紀(jì)之前的經(jīng)濟及殖民擴張。3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now

6、 poses much of a threat.總的來說,我們現(xiàn)在或多或少地把這些語言看作有利的語言。在談到與之相關(guān)的文化及其為世界所做的貢獻時,我們常懷有崇敬與贊賞,而且這樣做也沒有太大的風(fēng)險,因為這些語言現(xiàn)在已不會構(gòu)成什么威脅。4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary a

7、nd media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.然而,許多人把英語看成是一件幸事。在此,我暫且不談任何世界語言所具有的明顯優(yōu)勢,例如廣泛的通信網(wǎng),強大的文化傳媒體系,及強有力的文化教育機構(gòu)。5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had

8、many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.講英語的南非英國后裔并不強烈反對種族隔離政權(quán),而黑人反對力量,其成員講多種語言,在初期軟弱無力且缺乏組織。6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.這一象征表明這種世界通

9、用語的使用者應(yīng)充分發(fā)掘這一幸事為我們帶來的好處,同時盡能避免招來災(zāi)難。Lesson 21.The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected , but I was still in love.蘋果公司發(fā)生的這些事情絲毫的沒有改變這一點。我被驅(qū)逐了,但是我仍然鐘愛我所做的事情。2.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a be ginner again, less sure about

10、 everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.因為,作為一個成功者的負(fù)重感被作為一個創(chuàng)業(yè)者的輕松感覺所重新代替, 沒有比這更確定的事情了。這讓我覺得如此自由, 進入了我生命中最有創(chuàng)造力的一個階段。3.it was awful(可怕的好可怕糟糕的 tasting medicine,but i guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick . Dont lose faith.這個良

11、藥的味道實在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要它。有時候,人生會用磚頭打你的頭。不要失去信心。4.remembering that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.you are already naked .there is no reason not to follow your heart.記住你要死去是我所知道最好的方法來避免思維的陷阱你輸?shù)闷鸬臇|西。你已經(jīng)裸體。沒有理由不去追隨你的心.5.your time is limit

12、ed,so dont waste it living someone elses life.dont the trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other peoples thinking.dont let the noise of othersopinions drown out your inner voice.你的時間有限,所以不要浪費時間去過別人的生活。不要被信條所惑盲從信條是活在別人的思考結(jié)果。不要讓別人的意見淹沒了你內(nèi)心的聲音。Lesson 61. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who co

13、ined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one. "Anything can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present," he writes in his book Good Business. "Within that framework, doing a seemingly

14、 boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible."米哈里·奇凱因特米哈里認(rèn)為這種區(qū)分是錯誤的。他發(fā)明了“強感受” (flow這個說法, 信奉正面心理學(xué)的人常用此詞來描述由工作而引發(fā)的興奮狀態(tài)。在稱心如意的工作一書中他寫道: “只要存在強感受因素, 任何事情都能給我們帶來愉悅。根據(jù)這一觀點, 從事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作卻會給人們帶來想象不到的更大的成就感?！?. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequen

15、t bust had much impact in either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.但是20世紀(jì)90年代后期的經(jīng)濟繁榮和隨之而來的經(jīng)濟蕭條都沒有對員工的兩種工作態(tài)度產(chǎn)生多大影啊, 這表明工人在工作中是否能獲得快樂感有比經(jīng)濟形勢更深層的原因。3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a comp

16、any where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. "I am a misfit in that department," she says. "No matter how good your p

17、ersonal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it."41歲的馬丁娜·蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的經(jīng)理助理, 雖然工作壓力大, 但她和同事相處都很好;6年前她換了工作, 到一家律師事務(wù)所成了一名職位相對清閑的辦事員。如今她時間多了, 自由度也大了, 但她感覺和這里的同事共事太壓抑, 也得不到老板的賞識。她說: “我不適應(yīng)這個部門。不管你個人生活多愜意, 如果工作單位氛圍不好, 個人生活就會大受影響?！?. In fact, engagement at work is le

18、ss a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estimates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have ever

19、y day with co-workers, supervisors and customers.事實上, 對工作的投入與其說是人的個性使然, 不如說是源于人們在工作中總體上感到的快樂。哈特認(rèn)為, 對工作高度投入與并不投入的員工之間之所以存在差異, 員工的個性只起30%的作用, 其他的取決于員工每天與同事、主管以及客戶的頻繁交往。5. Until recently, businesspeople would dismiss employee well-being as "outside their domain and kind of fringe-ish”, says Thomas

20、 Wright, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of Nevada, Reno.內(nèi)華達大學(xué)里諾分校的組織行為學(xué)教授托馬斯·賴特說, 直到不久前, 企業(yè)家們還不愿考慮員工是否工作心情舒暢的問題, 認(rèn)為這“不屬于他們關(guān)心的范圍, 和他們的職責(zé)范圍相去甚遠(yuǎn)”6. But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, ar

21、e better predictors of productivity.但后來對工作滿意度的許多研究結(jié)果卻前后矛盾?，F(xiàn)在看來, 用更廣泛的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評估快樂感受, 能更有效地預(yù)測生產(chǎn)率。7. But at the very least, businesses could do better just by paying attention to what their employees want and need. Then more of us could find a measure of fulfillment in what we do. And once in a while, we

22、 might hope to transcend it all. It can happen on the basketball court, in front of a roaring crowd, or in a classroom, in front of just one grateful student.但通過關(guān)心員工的需求, 至少企業(yè)可能發(fā)展得更好。那樣, 我們更多的人就會在工作中找到一定程度的滿足感。而且偶爾我們可能還希望獲得最大程度的滿足。這種情況可能發(fā)生在籃球場上喧鬧歡呼的人群前, 也可能發(fā)生在教室里, 在僅僅一個充滿感激的學(xué)生面前。Lesson7IV. Translatio

23、nPut the following into Chinese.1.Big surprise, I thought, tossing the balled-up clipping over my sho ulder. That's up there with "money eases stress", "liars make good wr iters" and "philanderers make even better liars".大驚喜,我以為,棉布將里頭的卷成球的剪裁在我的肩膀上,與“金錢減輕壓力”,“騙子好作家”和

24、“花花公子做更好的騙子”。2.Last year, she sadly got her wish, far too soon, living just over h alf as long as the woman who bore her.去年,她不幸的是她的愿望,太很快,生活超過一半,只要生了她的女人。3.His main character, Enid Lambert, suffers from a depression that ac ts as a kind of invisible force field, unconsciously repelling everyo ne awa

25、y from her fragile core. Enid complains and sulks, manipulates and cajoles, in order to assuage her fundamental dissatisfaction.他的主要人物,伊妮德蘭伯特,患上了抑郁癥,作為一種無形的力場,無意識地排斥每個人都遠(yuǎn)離她脆弱的核心。伊妮德抱怨和摔東西、操縱和勸誘,為了減輕她基本的不滿。4.She remains intact because her depression protects her from ever tr uly suffering, the way th

26、ose around her must. What doesn't kill you, it seems, moves on to more stubborn quarry.她仍保持完整,因為抑郁癥保護真正的痛苦,她周圍的人必須的方式。什么不殺了你,看來,移動更頑固的采石場。5.So, hit the snooze, the bottle or the skids. Resume bitching, chin down, carry the hatchet, under rug nothing. Life is hard and then you . sigh. Heavily.睡,瓶

27、子或打滑。簡歷牢騷,下巴,把短柄小斧,在地毯。生活是困難的,然后你嘆氣。Lesson 8IV. TranslationPut the following into Chinese.1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it.每場戰(zhàn)爭都有自己的歌曲來喚起人們的愛國熱情或者如在越南戰(zhàn)爭中鼓勵人們反戰(zhàn)。2. The idea is to take a song that peop

28、le like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works.改詞是把一首人們喜愛或者對他們具有特殊意義或感情色彩的歌曲填上新詞,希望把這種喜愛、意義或感情色彩帶到正在傳播的新觀念中。通常

29、這種方法很奏效。3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices.

30、結(jié)果一些社團和全國性團體向電臺或電視臺施加壓力讓他們禁播這些演員的節(jié)目。這些指控也促使負(fù)責(zé)廣播業(yè)的監(jiān)管機構(gòu)聯(lián)邦通訊委員會開始進行調(diào)查。4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment,

31、or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas?這是否意味著在廣播電臺或電視臺播放的歌曲中不允許出現(xiàn)那些在新聞或體育節(jié)目中禁止出現(xiàn)的語言和觀念?或者這是否意味著電臺或電視臺應(yīng)該承認(rèn)不同的交流或娛樂形式,或是為不同聽眾設(shè)計的節(jié)目,在語言和觀念上應(yīng)該具有不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of p

32、assage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established.一位作者指出流行音樂也成了女孩子們成熟的標(biāo)志。在同齡男孩子成長為像女孩子那樣成熟并能較容易地與女孩子建立

33、朋友關(guān)系之前,少年歌星可能會成為不會對女孩子形成威脅的男友的替身。Lesson 12IV. TranslationPut the following into Chinese.1.A fulfilling marriage begins when two people make time together their No.1 priority. If we hope to find love, we must first find time for loving.美滿的婚姻就由此開始了當(dāng)兩個人在一起的時間他們的第一要務(wù)。如果我們希望找到愛情,我們就必須首先找到時間來愛。2.Unfortuna

34、tely, current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego. To make a lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness. We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called "self-actualization" to "us-actualization". We have to learn to put time where love is.不幸的是,當(dāng)前心理學(xué)建立在獨立自我的模型。要使婚姻長久,就需克服自我中心意識。我們必須超越心理學(xué)家亞伯拉罕·馬斯洛所說的“自我實 現(xiàn)”“us-actuali