英漢翻譯教程 自考英語Unit_1_Lesson_3

1、Unit 1 Lesson 3 我和文學(xué)巴金簡介l 巴金原名李堯棠，現(xiàn)代文學(xué)家、出版家、翻譯家。l 也被譽為是“五四”新文化運動以來最有影響的作家之一，是20世紀中國杰出的文學(xué)大師、中國當(dāng)代文壇的巨匠。l 主要作品包括：激流三部曲家、春、秋 和愛情三部曲霧雨電 。l1982年獲“國際但丁文學(xué)獎”。l其中家是他的代表作，也是我國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上最卓越的作品之一。l2005年10月17日19時零6分在上海逝世，享年101歲。 Important sentences and phrasesl有一位日本作家問我你怎么同時喜歡各種流派的作家和作品呢？lA few days ago， a Japanese a

2、uthor asked me how I was able to appreciate authors and books of so many different schools.l 原文為間接引語，不用引號，句末用問號，這是漢語行文原文為間接引語，不用引號，句末用問號，這是漢語行文習(xí)慣。翻譯為英語時雖然是間接引語，但句末用句號。習(xí)慣。翻譯為英語時雖然是間接引語，但句末用句號。Important sentences and phrasesl唯其不是文學(xué)家，我就不受文學(xué)規(guī)律的限制。l我不是文學(xué)家，不屬于任何派別，所以我就不受限制。lAs long as Im not a man of lett

3、ers, Im not subject to any rules of literature.lTip：唯其：正因為l 受。限制：be subjected toImportant sentences and phrasesl一切舊的傳統(tǒng)觀念， 一切阻止社會進步和人性成長的不合理的制度。lall outmoded traditional thinking； any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human developmentl Outmoded與old 的區(qū)別：陳舊的 不合時代的傳統(tǒng)觀念 l我所有的作品都是寫來控訴、

4、揭露、攻擊這些敵人的。lAll my books were written with the express purpose of denouncing, exposing and striking out at these enemies of mine.l Tips：翻譯時把三個并列的動詞做抽象名詞purpose的定語， with the purpose 作動詞write的狀語。反之，在英譯漢時把抽象名詞處理成動詞的形式。 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換l Express：明確的 迅速的l我覺得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心， 又覺得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的筆為自己伸冤一樣。lI felt as if my mind wa

5、s being whipped， as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.l Tip：本句強調(diào)心被鞭子抽打，而不是被什么人抽打，為突出承受者，：本句強調(diào)心被鞭子抽打，而不是被什么人抽打，為突出承受者，翻譯用翻譯用whip的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。l 增譯增譯it had suffered 把暗含的冤屈之意體現(xiàn)出來了。把暗含的冤屈之意體現(xiàn)出來了。commandeer ,kmnd l vt. 征用；霸占，沒收；強取l redress rdresl v

6、t. 救濟；賠償；糾正；重新調(diào)整l n. 救濟；賠償；矯正Important sentences and phrasesl常常絕望地亂搔頭發(fā)lOften despondently scratched my head.ldspnd()nt ladj. 沮喪的；失望的我說我寫作如同在生活，又說作品的最高境我說我寫作如同在生活，又說作品的最高境界是寫作同生活的一致，是作家同人的一致，界是寫作同生活的一致，是作家同人的一致，主要的意思是不說謊。主要的意思是不說謊。lWhen I say that I write like I live, and that the highest ideal a wor

7、k of literature can attain is to be at one with life, and that an author should be able to identify with his readers, I basically mean that books and their authors should never tell lies.Important sentences and phrasesl我最近還在另一個地方說過：藝術(shù)的最高境界是無技巧。lIve also said recently on another occasion that the hig

8、hest state to which art can attain is artlessness.l 地方：地方：occasion不是具體的地點而是一種場合不是具體的地點而是一種場合l 藝術(shù)的最高境界：名詞加定語從句的形式藝術(shù)的最高境界：名詞加定語從句的形式the highest state to which art can attain l 無技巧：無技巧：artlessnessl長得好看的人用不著濃妝艷抹， 而我的文章就像一個丑八怪， 不打扮， 看起來倒還順眼些。lPhysically attractive people dont need heavy make-up. Though m

9、y writing resembles an ugly monster， it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.ll我最恨那些盜名欺世， 欺騙讀者的謊言。lWhat I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.l Tip：主干？：主干？l 仔細分析可以看出謊言本身不會欺騙讀者，也不會盜名欺世。此處為仔細分析可以看出謊言本身不會欺騙讀者，也不會盜名欺世。此處為用謊言來欺騙讀者用謊言來欺騙讀者 盜

10、名欺世的寫作的人。盜名欺世的寫作的人。l 使用主語從句強調(diào)最恨的內(nèi)容使用主語從句強調(diào)最恨的內(nèi)容l glory-seeking欺世盜名欺世盜名exercisesl 1. 文學(xué)流派l School of literaturel 2.平民文學(xué) l Popular literaturel 3. 原文: 前兩天有一位日本作家問我怎么同時喜歡各種流派的作家和作品呢？l 譯文：Two days ago, a Japanese author asked me how I was able to like authors and books of so many different schools. l 改譯：

11、 Two days ago, a Japanese author asked me how I was able to appreciate authors and books of so many different schools. l 4. man of letters l 文學(xué)家l 5.我最恨那些欺名盜世、欺騙讀者的謊言。l A. That I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.l B. Whatever I hate most are those glory

12、-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.l C. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers they deceive the public with their lies.l D. What I hate most are those glory-seeking writers who deceive the public with their lies.l6.兒童文學(xué) lChild literaturel7.文學(xué)界 lLiterary circlel8. 副教授 l

13、associate professorl 9. 一切文學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家只有聯(lián)系群眾，表現(xiàn)群眾，把自一切文學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家只有聯(lián)系群眾，表現(xiàn)群眾，把自己當(dāng)作群眾忠實的代言人，他們的工作才有意義。己當(dāng)作群眾忠實的代言人，他們的工作才有意義。l Which of the following translation versions is NOT correct?l A. No writers or artists can do any significant work unless they are closely linked with the masses, give expressions to th

14、eir thoughts and feelings, and serve them as loyal spokesmen.l B. All writers and artists only link with masses, express masses and speak loyally for masses, their work can be significant.l C. Only by being closely linked with masses, expressing their thoughts and feelings and serving them as loyal

15、spokesmen can writers and artists do any significant work.l D. Writers or artists cant do any significant work if they are not closely linked with masses, portrait them or serve them as loyal spokesmen.l 10. 我最近還在另一個地方說過：藝術(shù)的最好境界是無技巧。l A. Ive also said recently on another occasion that the highest st

16、ate to which art can attain is artlessness.l B. Ive also said recently in another occasion that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.l C. Ive also said recently in another place that the highest state to which art can attain is artlessness.l D. Ive also said recently in another o

17、ccasion that the highest state to which art can attain is skilllessness.l11.原文：他說：“我不是文學(xué)家，不屬于任何派別，所以我不受限制。l譯文： He said, I am not a man of letters, either do I belong to any particular school. Thus I am not restricted in any way.”l改譯：He said, I am not a man of letters, nor do I belong to any particul

18、ar school. Thus I am not restricted in any way.”我的文章就像一個丑八怪，不打扮，看起來倒還順我的文章就像一個丑八怪，不打扮，看起來倒還順眼些。眼些?！?】l A. My writing resembles an ugly monster, and it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.l B. My writing resembles an ugly monster, and so it actually looks a little better without

19、any embellishment.l C. Though my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.l D. My writing not only resembles an ugly monster, but also looks a little better without any embellishment.She is an absolutely one-man wife.lA、她是一個絕對地只要一個男人的妻子。lB、她是一個忠實

20、的妻子，絕對地只有一個男人。lC、她是一個忠實的妻子，堅信從一而終的信念。5. She is a good washer.lA. 她是一個好洗衣人。 lB她洗衣服洗得好。lC 她洗衣服總是洗得很干凈。Lesson 3 重點短語重點短語l1. 各種流派的各種流派的 different schoolsl2. 前兩天前兩天 a few days agol3. 受限制受限制 be restricted/be subjected tol4. 傳統(tǒng)觀念傳統(tǒng)觀念 traditional thinkingl5. 不合理的制度不合理的制度 irrational systeml6. 最高境界最高境界 the hi

21、ghest statel7. 濃妝艷抹濃妝艷抹 heavy make upl8. 主人公主人公 chief character/principal characterl9. 花言巧語花言巧語 flowery languagel10. 社會進步和人性發(fā)展社會進步和人性發(fā)展 social progress and human development詞義的選擇小練習(xí)kill 和和“殺殺”l如：如：kill 和和“殺殺”lKill millions of innocent people lThree men were killed in the accident. lIm reading this b

22、ook just to kill time. lThe engine was killed by the flood. 殺人喪生消磨時間熄火英文中的英文中的“soft”這個詞這個詞lSoft pillowlsoft musiclsoft drink lsoft wordlsoft fire軟枕軟枕輕柔的音樂輕柔的音樂不含酒精的飲料不含酒精的飲料 和藹的話語和藹的話語文火文火l從例子中可以看出：漢語的從例子中可以看出：漢語的“殺殺”一般指一般指的是的是“殺人，殺豬，殺蟲殺人，殺豬，殺蟲”等具體意義上等具體意義上的的“殺殺”，而英語中，而英語中 “kill” 一詞的含義則一詞的含義則要寬泛的多。同

23、樣，漢語詞匯當(dāng)中也有語要寬泛的多。同樣，漢語詞匯當(dāng)中也有語義范圍比英語中相近詞匯大得多的情況。義范圍比英語中相近詞匯大得多的情況。 “事”l 如：“事”這個詞l 真是想不到的事！ l What a surprise! l 國家大事 l national affairs l 我可以舉出好幾件事來證明。l I can cite quite a few instances to illustrate it. l 那是件普通的小事。 l That is an ordinary incident. l 2. 詞的內(nèi)涵意義不同詞的內(nèi)涵意義不同l 內(nèi)涵意義是指詞匯除了在字典中的概念意內(nèi)涵意義是指詞匯除了在字

24、典中的概念意義之外在人的頭腦中產(chǎn)生的某種聯(lián)想。漢義之外在人的頭腦中產(chǎn)生的某種聯(lián)想。漢英詞語的內(nèi)涵意義由于歷史文化、自然環(huán)英詞語的內(nèi)涵意義由于歷史文化、自然環(huán)境的不同而產(chǎn)生了很大的區(qū)別。境的不同而產(chǎn)生了很大的區(qū)別。l 如：如：“荷花荷花” l 漢語：出淤泥而不染的君子之風(fēng)漢語：出淤泥而不染的君子之風(fēng)l 英語：英語：lotus flower 僅僅是一種普通的花僅僅是一種普通的花而已而已 “硬道理硬道理”l發(fā)展是硬道理。發(fā)展是硬道理。 l“硬道理硬道理” 不能譯成不能譯成 hard reason，而應(yīng)，而應(yīng)該根據(jù)句意翻譯成該根據(jù)句意翻譯成l Development is of overriding importance. l或者或者 Development is the absolute need.虎虎l 虎虎在漢人眼里是百獸之王，而在英語中虎在漢人眼里是百獸之王，而在英語中虎的地位則被獅取代。在翻譯的地位則被獅取代。在翻譯“攔路虎攔路虎”的的時候，若譯為時候，若譯為 a tiger in the way 則不如則不如譯為譯為 a lion in the way 更容易為譯文讀更容易為譯文讀者所接受。者所接受?！褒堼垺眑“龍龍”在漢文化當(dāng)中是很好的一個詞，皇在漢文化當(dāng)中是很好的一個詞，皇帝自稱