電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)lesson5(太原理工大學(xué)版)

1、電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Chapter 5 Communication 第5章 通信 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 5.1 A Short History of Communication 通信簡(jiǎn)史 5.2 Wireless Communication Technology 無(wú)線通信技術(shù) 5.3 Optical Fiber Communication 光導(dǎo)纖維通信電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 5.4 Basic Networking Concepts for Computer Network 應(yīng)用于計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)概念電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)TEXT 文章文章 5.1 A Short Hi

2、story of Communication 1. Original technologies of communication 2. Communication at the speed of electricity 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) convergence n. 集中, 收斂, 融合 courier n. 送快信的人, 旅行從仆 circuit switching 電路交換 cyber terrorism n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò) dot-coms n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)企業(yè) ecommerce n. 電子商務(wù) heliograph n. 日光儀電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Interface Messag

3、e Processors n. 接口信息處理機(jī) message switching 報(bào)文交換 monopoly n. 壟斷semaphore n. 信號(hào)燈 shackle vt. 束縛 skeptics n. 懷疑學(xué)派 sabbatical n. 學(xué)術(shù)假期 Telenet n. 遠(yuǎn)程通信網(wǎng) Telecopier n. 遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)印機(jī) 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) No matter what career you enter, youll need to communicate with people. We believe that cultural, social, and personal e

4、xperience improves through more effective understanding and practice of communication. Communication Studies seek to understand communication and to improve its practice in a variety of relationships. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)We focus on two person and family communication, communication in small groups and in

5、large organizations, communication across communities, the nature of language and symbols, and the nature of argument and persuasion in political settings and in social movements. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) The history of communication can go back to thousands of years. However, the technologies that so many of

6、us are addicted to today - mobile phones, the internet, satellite TV - are built on our achievements. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Each new development has transformed the world we live in. An understanding of the journey we have taken to get where we are now shows that todays techniques are refinements of what ca

7、me before. Really big revolutions may be still to come.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)1. Original technologies of communication Communication begins with the first conversations between people. Fire and the smoke it produces may also have been used for simple communication between separated groups.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) The i

8、nvention of the printing press in China some time after 300AD meant that the same message could be delivered to many people cheaply and more quickly than copying out the message many times by hand.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2. Communication at the speed of electricity With the discovery of electricity the speed a

9、nd range of communication once again began to increase. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) The invention of techniques such as Morse code allowed complex messages to be transferred at very high speeds over this new medium. These had huge repercussions for many aspects of human life, for example, transport could be bette

10、r coordinated, government could transmit decisions to distant offices almost instantaneously, and businesses could work with more businesses over larger distances.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)The first amplitude modulation (AM) radio station began operating in Springfield, Mass., shortly after World War I, and the

11、first frequency modulation (FM) station was authorized to operate by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1940. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)The first television station was authorized by the FCC in 1941 and the first CATV station system began several years later.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) See Table 5-1 Electrical com

12、munication history電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)At the same time as these developments in sound, people were working hard on capturing images. For hundreds of years artists and scientists had known that a small hole in the wall of a darkened room would project an image of the outside world on the opposite wall. 電子信息

13、與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)In 1814 Joseph Nicphore Nipce used this principle to project an image of the world onto chemically treated paper in a box, so the first photograph had been taken. Images from one part of the world could be brought to another. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)This allowed people in Tanzania to see what a London

14、 Street looked like, and people in London to marvel at Maasai warriors dressed in their finery. In 1877, Eadweard Muybridge developed a camera which could take a series of photographs in rapid succession. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)He did this in order to win a bet on whether all a horses hooves left the ground w

15、hen it ran. He lost the bet, but invented the movie camera. By 1927 this had been combined with recorded sound, allowing people to share realistic experiences around the world.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)The technologies that we have discussed have all helped us store and transmit communication. All these technolo

16、gies are joining together in the form of computers and the internet. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)5.2 Wireless Communication Technology 1 Introduction 2. Wireless communication technology 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) In 1895, Guglielmo-Marconi opened the way for modern wireless communications by transmitting the three-dot Morse c

17、ode for the letter S over a distance of three kilometers by electromagnetic waves. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)1.Introduction There are two fundamental aspects of wireless communication that make the problem challenging and interesting. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) First is phenomenon of fading: the time variation of the channel

18、 strengths due to the small-scale effect of multipath fading and shadowing by obstacles. Second, wireless users communicate over the air and there is significant interference between them. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)The interference can be between transmitters communicating with a common receiver, between signals

19、 from a single transmitter to multiple receivers, or between different transmitter-receiver pairs.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) How to deal with fading and interference is central to the design of wireless communication. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)There are many wireless communications technologies that can be differentiated by

20、frequency, bandwidth, range, and applications. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) These categories range from wireless wide area networks (WWANs) which cover the widest geographic area, to wireless personal area networks (WPANs) which cover less than 10 meters. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2. Wireless communication technology WPAN A WP

21、AN is a personal area network, a network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual persons workspace, in which the connections are wireless. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)communication within about 10 meters used mainly as cable replacement technologies for data synchronization and connectivity for d

22、evices that are close to each other.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Bluetooth wireless technology is the prevalent WPAN technology today. It operates in the 2.4-GHz unlicensed frequency band. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology provides high bandwidth by transmitting at very low power across a broad frequency spectrum. 電

23、子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Wireless LANs A Wire LAN (WLAN), which sometimes referred to as LAWN robust wireless network connectivity over a local area of approximately 100 meters operates in the 2.4-GHz frequency band at 11 Mbps電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 802.11 standards use the Ethernet protocol and Carrier Sense Multiple Acc

24、ess with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) for path sharing and include an encryption method, the Wired Equivalent Privacy algorithm. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) WiFi focus on user authentication and encryption Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radio frequency (RF) 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)WMAN A wireless MAN, or WMAN a wire

25、less communications network that covers a large geographic area such as a city or suburb. back haul has the greatest short-term appeal電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)last mile could establish wireless as an alternative to residential broadband DSL/cable modem 2 to11GHz frequency range電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Two WWAN technologies

26、, including Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), dominate WWAN deployments worldwide. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) These two technologies are expected to evolve on parallel paths for the foreseeable future.We also recognize the importance of industry standards to

27、widespread adoption. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)In the same way that early competing WLAN technologies gave way to the IEEE 801.11b standard, it is important that the industry drive toward worldwide standardization in other wireless technologies. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 1.Optical fiber 2. Optical communication systems 3. A

28、dvantages of optical fiber communicationTEXT 5.3 Optical Fiber Communication電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Terminology aperture n. 孔徑 attenuation n. 衰減 dielectric waveguide 介質(zhì)波導(dǎo) carbon dioxide laser 二氧化碳激光器 cleave vt. 劈開(kāi) cylindrical adj. 圓柱狀的 electric arc n. 電弧 geometric optics 幾何光學(xué) graded index fiber 梯度型光纖，漸變型光纖，梯度折

29、射率光纖 heterojunction n. 異質(zhì)結(jié) high numerical aperture 大數(shù)值孔徑光纖電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) immune adj. 有免疫力的 indices n. index的復(fù)數(shù) intersymbol interference 碼間干擾 micron n. 微米 monochromaticity n. 單色性 meridional ray n. 子午射線 nanosecond n. 納秒 neodymium laser 釹激光器 omnidirectional adj. 全方位的 pick up 獲得 parabolic adj. 拋物線電子信息與通信

30、工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) silica n. 二氧化硅 splice vt. 拼接 step index fiber 階躍光纖，階躍折射率光纖 sulphide n. 硫化物 transverse adj. 橫向的 wavelength division multiplexing 分復(fù)用 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)The optical communication systems are different from microwave communication systems in many aspects: The carrier frequency is about 100 THz and the

31、 bit rate is about 1T bit/s. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Spreading of optical beams is always in the forward direction due to the short wavelengths. Suitable for free space communications above the earths atmosphere like intersatellite communications電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)1. Optical fiber An optical fiber is a glass or plas

32、tic fiber that carries light along its length. Fiber optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers. Fibers which support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers (MMF). 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Fibers which can

33、 only support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF).Advantageslow attenuation transmit signals over a wide bandwidth.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)ConstructionAn optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide that transmits light along its axis, by the process of total internal reflection. The fiber

34、 consists of a core surrounded by a cladding layer 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Fig. 5-8 Optical fiber electromagnetic analysis電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2. Optical communication systems電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) A light source is made of semiconductor A transfer function is required to define the power loss associated with the coupling of t

35、he signal power from the light source to the fiber transmission line. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Fiber The loss involved in either joining the fiber by a permanent splice or the use of a demountable connector is a transfer parameter to be included. Fiber-detector junction Photodetector Design algorithm 電子信息與通信工程

36、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)3. Advantages of optical fiber communication Wider bandwidth Low transmission loss Dielectric waveguide Signal security Small size and weight 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)EXERCISES 1.Please translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. 2.Please translate the following words and phrases into English. 4

37、. Answer the following questions according to the text.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)TEXT 5.4 Basic Networking Concepts for Computer Network 1. Introduction 2. Network topology 3. Internet address 4. Ports 5. Data transmission 6. Protocols 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)TerminologyATM abbr. Asynchronous Transfer Mode異步傳輸模式centralize

38、vt. 把集中起來(lái)client/server network 主從網(wǎng)，客服網(wǎng)conversely adv. 相反地criteria n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DNS abbr. Domain Name System域名系統(tǒng)Encrypt vt. 加密,將.譯成密碼 entity n. 實(shí)體FDDI abbr. Fiber Distributed Data Interface光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口 ISDN abbr. Integrated Services Digital Network綜合 服務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng)leased line 租用線，專用線電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) memonic adj.記憶的，記憶術(shù)的 pe

39、er-to-peer network 對(duì)等網(wǎng) RFC abbr.Request For Comments請(qǐng)求講解，Internet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（草案） semantic adj.語(yǔ)義的 systematic adj.系統(tǒng)的，體系的 subnet n.子網(wǎng)絡(luò) syntax n. 語(yǔ)法，有秩序的排列 tiered application 分層應(yīng)用user authentication 用戶認(rèn)證電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)1. Introduction A network that connects computers located within a relatively limited area, suc

40、h as an office, a building or a campus, is known as a Local Area Network (LAN). A network that spans a wide geographical area, usually across cities, countries or even continents, is known as Wide Area Network (WAN).電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Their major difference lies in how data and information is stored. See

41、 Table 5-7.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) A LAN consists of networked computers, sometimes called workstations and other connecting devices. A WAN consists of two or more LANs connected via a communication channel that combines telephone lines, leased lines, microwave, or satellites. It can cover cities, countries,

42、and continents. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Fig. 5-12 shows four common connecting devices Hubs Repeaters Bridges Routers電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Fig. 5-12 Hardware components of networking電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2. Network topology The common network topologies are Bus電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Star Ring電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Usually, more than one topology

43、is used in a network. For example, in a school network system, a bus-star topology is usually used with a high bandwidth bus as the backbone. That backbone connects a number of star networks. The star network is formed in a computer room. Each workstation is connected to the hub using UTP cable and

44、the backbone is often an optical fiber.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Examples of LAN technology Ethernet Fibber Distributed Data Interconnect (FDDI) .電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Ethernet LAN An Ethernet LAN is based on a bus topology and broadcast communication Token ring. Ethernet is a family of frame-based computer networking te

45、chnologies for LANs. a standard for connecting computers into a LAN the name commonly used for IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)FDDI FDDI specifies a 100-Mbps token-passing, dual-ring LAN using fiber-optic cable. Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), has emerged to provide 100-Mbps service over c

46、opper. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)3. Internet address IP addresses are numeric quantities that are easy for computers to work with, but not for humans to remember. For example: 8. Domain Name System (DNS) servers are responsible for translating mnemonic textual Internet addresses into hard numeric In

47、ternet addresses. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Each organization that maintains a computer network will have at least one server handling DNS queries. That server, called a name server, will hold a list of all the IP addresses within its network, plus a cache of IP addresses for recently accessed computers outside

48、 the network. Each computer on each network needs to know the location of only one name server.電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)When your computer requests an IP address, one of three things happens, depending on whether or not the requested IP address is within your local network. If the requested IP address is regist

49、ered locally, that is, its within your organizations network; youll receive a response directly from one of the local name servers listed in your workstation configuration. In this case, there usually is little or no wait for a response. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)4. Ports An IP port will identify a specific appl

50、ication running on an Internet host machine. A port is identified by a number, the port number. The number of ports is not functionally limited, in contrast to serial communications where only 4 ports are allowed. 電子信息與通信工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ) There are some port numbers which are dedicated for specific applications s