綜合英語(一)部分語法

1、綜合英語（一）部分語法2003年01月03日英語老師1 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用作形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞常常用來直接形容事物,而被形容的事物往往是該分詞的施動者;過去分詞則往往是用來形容人的情感或感覺等,人是動作的施動對象。1. The book is interesting.I am interested in the book.2. The movie is exciting. I am excited at the movie. 2 一般疑問句中的賓語從句該賓語從句一般使用疑問詞陳述句語序，只有當(dāng)疑問詞是賓語從句的主語時，賓語從句才采用特殊疑問句的語序。1.  

2、0;    Does it say where it is?2.       Could you tell me how soon it will be available?3.       Do you know how much it costs?4.       Could you tell me which bus runs near the apartment?5. 

3、      Do you know whats included in the rent?3 would rather & preferprefer的意思是：優(yōu)先選擇、比較喜歡、更喜歡、更為愿意。常用句型有：、prefer to do (常指特定的或具體的某項(xiàng)行動)、prefer +名詞（動名詞）to （介詞）名詞（動名詞）、prefer +to do rather than doeg.I prefer to wait until he comes back.I prefer beef to pork.She prefers knitt

4、ing to sewing.My mother prefers to do housework herself rather than hire a house-maid.如果表示愿意讓別人干什么事，用下列句型：. prefer sb to do .prefer that + sb +動詞過去時例如：I should prefer Dick to attend the meeting.I should prefer Mike not to go there alone.I should prefer that Mike did not go there alone.I should prefe

5、r that a young actress played Anna Karenninna. Would rather 的意思是“寧愿”、“更為愿意”。常用句型：、would rather do would rather not do. would do rather than do would rather do than do.sb + would rather that + sb +過去（過去完成）時例如：I would rather do it right now.I would rather not tell you.Will you join us in a game o

6、f cards? -Thank you, but Id rather not.He would rather die than give in.Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from others.(I would borrow money from others rather than refuse to help you. / I would rather borrow money from others than refuse to help you.)Would rather 接名詞從句時，從句中的謂語要用虛擬

7、語氣。從句中說現(xiàn)在的事，謂語用過去時；說過去的事，用過去完成時，例如：I would rather you went with my daughter.I would rather you hadnt done such a stupid thing.She would rather Margaret stayed longer.She will die of grief. I would rather she didnt know her sons death.  4 條件句用if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。If it is fine tomorrow, I

8、 will go to the beach.If the plane arrives at the ariport on time, I will meet you there at five.5 another, some / any more, something / anything else 與可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 another 只用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，some more 既可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞；something else 在否定句中變成anything else，some more 變成any more6 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時a.   

9、;    用于表示早些時候開始并一直在進(jìn)行的動作，可能仍在延續(xù)what have you been doing?Ive been reading, my wife has been watching TV, and our baby has been sleeping.How long has it been raining? It has been raining for an hour. b.       有些動詞如work, live, study, teach 等延續(xù)意味較強(qiáng)，可以用于現(xiàn)

10、在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，區(qū)別不大：How long have you working (been working) in this company?He has lived (been living) in Hong Kong for ten years (since 1987).c.       有些動詞如see, write, read, translate, build, cut等用于現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已經(jīng)完成，用于現(xiàn)在完成時則表示仍在反復(fù)進(jìn)行：Ive seen all my old friends and theyve go

11、ne home. (已經(jīng)完成)Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. (在反復(fù)進(jìn)行)She has written a report.She has been writing reports for the government all these years.They have just built an office block here.They have been building blocks of flats here for three years.  *現(xiàn)在完成時跟現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)

12、行為本身，而現(xiàn)在完成時則強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在完成時是兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時二者基本特點(diǎn)的時態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點(diǎn)，所以它可以表示某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特點(diǎn)，所以它也可以表示某一動作的延續(xù)性、臨時性、重復(fù)性、生動性乃至感情色彩。We have been cleaning the classroom. (a)We have cleaned the classroom. (b)(a)    句可譯為“我們打掃教室來著?！逼渲苯咏Y(jié)果可能是： 我們身上都是灰。（b）句可譯為“我們把教室打掃過了?！?其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。

13、又，（a）句表示教室剛剛打掃過，（b）句則可能表示教室是昨天打掃地。Be careful! John has been paiting the door.John has painted the door.They have been widening the road.They have widened the road. 7 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞一、普通名詞：某一類人、某一類事物、某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱?？煞譃樗念悾?個體名詞（表個別人或事物）：man，teacher 集體名詞（表若干人或事物）class，team 物質(zhì)名詞（表物質(zhì)或材料） air，milk， 抽象名詞（表性質(zhì)

14、、行為、狀態(tài)或情感等抽象概念等）二、專有名詞：個別人、個別事物、團(tuán)體Mr. Black ,the Yellow River,1可數(shù)名詞的六種情況：2. 不可數(shù)名詞要表示數(shù)量時可在前面加量詞，如： a piece of , a box of , a bottle of , a bar of , a tube of , a basket of, a pair of8 hope & wishhope & wish 都可以接賓語從句表示一種希望。Hope所表示的一般對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼南Ｍ?，往往是可以?shí)現(xiàn)的；wish 可以指對過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼南Ｍ?，這種希望往往是不可能如愿的，所以賓語從句中的謂語常用一般過去時（表示對現(xiàn)在的希望）、過去完成時（對過去的希望）、過去將來時（對將來的希望）。例如：I hope (that) you havent hurt youself.I hope you will be a good guide.We hope that the swimming pool will be completed as soon as possible.I wish I were the chairman of our country.She wished she had passed the