高中英語(yǔ)完型填空易混詞匯辨析(共30頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上常用詞匯、詞組辨析 本部分將常用易混詞和詞組歸納為127例，進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的辨析，并舉例說(shuō)明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下這些詞大部分出現(xiàn)在大綱詞表上，考生應(yīng)在學(xué)習(xí)中特別注意加以區(qū)分。 （1）abroad adv. /aboard adv. /board n.&v. 前兩個(gè)詞是副詞，詞形相近，容易記混。這兩個(gè)詞的意思差異很大。abroad意為“在國(guó)外”；而aboard的意思是“登（機(jī)），上（車船等）”，與動(dòng)詞go搭配來(lái)表示登機(jī)等；最后一個(gè)詞board常用來(lái)表示“登機(jī)，上船”，是動(dòng)詞。例：I have decided to study abroad next year. 我已決定

2、明年去國(guó)外讀書。It is time to go aboard. 現(xiàn)在該登機(jī)了。We are asked to board half an hour before departure time. 起飛前半小時(shí)之內(nèi)，我們必須登機(jī)。（2）absorb v. /concentrate v. absorb原義為“吸收”，引申詞義為“吸引（注意力，精力等）”，常用于be absorbed in sth. 表示“被吸引住，專注于”；concentrate的意思是“集中精神，全神貫注，聚精會(huì)神”，多與on或upon連用。例：The picture absorbed my attention. 我被這幅畫迷住

3、了。He found his brother absorbed in the watching of the match. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)弟弟在聚精會(huì)神地看比賽。She tried to concentrate on her work in the university. 她試圖專心致志地在大學(xué)里工作。（3）accomplish vt. /complete vt.&a. /achieve vt. accomplish的詞義是“成功地完成每項(xiàng)任務(wù)”，尤其指經(jīng)過(guò)一定努力后完成；complete主要指“全部完成了，沒(méi)有剩下”，另外complete也是形容詞，意為“完整的，完全的”；achieve與accom

4、plish相近，指“經(jīng)過(guò)努力最終達(dá)到預(yù)期的目標(biāo)”。例：I knew that I had accomplished something during my first year in Beijing. 我知道在北京的第一年我已經(jīng)取得了一些成就。I have just completed the revision of this report. 我剛剛完成對(duì)報(bào)告的修訂。He went to London without having achieved any success. 他一事無(wú)成便去了倫敦。（4）accurate a. /correct a. /exact a. accurate的意思是

5、“精確的，準(zhǔn)確的”；correct的意思是“正確的，沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的”；exact的意思是“確切的，正好的”。例：I need an accurate figure on what we have lost in the battle. 我需要有關(guān)戰(zhàn)事?lián)p失的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)字。This is not the correct answer to that question. 這不是那個(gè)問(wèn)題的正確答案。These are the exact tools those people used several thousand years ago. 這些人幾千年前用的就是這種工具。（5）acquire v. /requ

6、ire v. /inquire v. 這幾個(gè)詞詞形、發(fā)音相近，容易記混。acquire的意思是“經(jīng)過(guò)自己的努力獲得，習(xí)得”；require的意思是“要求”；inquire的意思是“調(diào)查，詢問(wèn)，打聽”。例：She has acquired a new set of interests. 她現(xiàn)在又有了一些新的愛好。The rules require us all to be present. 按規(guī)定我們都要出席。Why dont you inquire by telephone?你為什么不打電話詢問(wèn)一下呢？（6）actual a. /genuine a. /original a. /real a.

7、 /practical a. actual指“實(shí)際上”、“事實(shí)上”存在或發(fā)生的事情，或人所共知的客觀事實(shí)；genuine指與真實(shí)情況“一模一樣”，“名符其實(shí)”，“真心的”；original指信息或消息等“原原本本”的情況，見解等“獨(dú)到而非抄襲別人”；real指“真實(shí)存在的，不是假的或捏造的；practical指從實(shí)踐、實(shí)用角度講“實(shí)事求是的，可行的，有實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”。例：The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected.實(shí)際的修理費(fèi)用比我們預(yù)期的要低得多。This ring is genuine gold. 這枚戒指是真

8、金的。This is an original play, not an adaptation.這是一本原創(chuàng)劇本，不是改編而成的。He is just a recent graduate experiencing the real world for the first time.他只是一個(gè)剛畢業(yè)首次體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的畢業(yè)生。This kind of product is worthless for all practical purposes.這種產(chǎn)品毫無(wú)實(shí)用價(jià)值。（7）adapt v. /adopt v. 這兩個(gè)詞拼寫只差一個(gè)字母，非常容易記混。adapt的意思是“改編，改作用，適應(yīng)”；adop

9、t是“收養(yǎng)，采用，采納”。例：I suggest that he should adapt himself to new conditions. 我建議他要適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。This play has been skillfully adapted from the original novel. 改編者很熟練地將原小說(shuō)改編成一部戲劇。We can adapt this old house for use as a garage. 我們可以將這座舊房改造成一個(gè)車庫(kù)。Her mother had adopted a disapproving attitude. 她母親采取了不贊成的態(tài)度。They h

10、ave decided to adopt me as their own daughter. 他們已決定收養(yǎng)我做女兒。（8）adequate a. /sufficient a. adequate常用來(lái)表示“充足的，完備的，完善的，勝任的”；sufficient則表示“在數(shù)量上是足夠的，多的”。在表示充足的含義上前者更強(qiáng)調(diào)足夠用來(lái)做某事，而后者則表示多，不缺乏。例：His wages are adequate to support these people。他的收入足以養(yǎng)活這些人。Two pounds of orange will be sufficient for the party，dont

11、 buy more. 兩磅柑桔就夠聚會(huì)用的了，不必再多買了。（9）administration n. /management n. 這兩個(gè)名詞都是與管理有關(guān)的名詞。administration的主要含義是“行政管理，政府等”，而management比前者的含義廣，它可以指“包括企業(yè)管理在內(nèi)的各種管理，經(jīng)營(yíng)”，也可以指“行政管理”。例：An executive should be experienced in administration. 一個(gè)管理者應(yīng)有行政管理的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Nothing was done by the last administration. 上屆政府什么事也沒(méi)干。The man

12、agement of the business has been done very well. 這個(gè)企業(yè)管理得很好。She is going to report the whole thing to the management. 她將向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)做全面匯報(bào)。（10）admit v. /allow v. /permit v. /approve v. 這幾個(gè)詞都有“同意，批準(zhǔn)，允許”的意思，要注意區(qū)別運(yùn)用。admit的意思是“同意進(jìn)入，允許進(jìn)入”（常與to連用）；allow泛指“一般的同意，允許”；permit常用來(lái)表示“上下級(jí)之間的允許，批準(zhǔn)”；approve的主要意思是“批準(zhǔn)（條文，協(xié)議等），贊

13、同”（常與of連用）。例：This ticket will admit two to the opening ceremony of the exhibition. 這張展覽會(huì)開幕式的入場(chǎng)券可允許兩人入場(chǎng)。His mother didnt allow him to watch TV before he finished his homework. 不做完作業(yè)，他母親不許他看電視。This state permits the sale of alcoholic beverages. 本州允許銷售酒精類飲料。Do you think my father would permit this?你認(rèn)為我

14、父親會(huì)同意這樣做嗎？Congress approved the budget. 國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了該預(yù)算。I do not approve at all of his moral character. 我根本不贊同他的道德品格。（11）advantage n. /merit n. /virtue n. advantage的主要意思是“優(yōu)勢(shì)，好處”，為可數(shù)名詞，常用于短語(yǔ)take advantage of sth.；merit的主要意思是“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處，好處，可取之處”，是可數(shù)名詞，也是不可數(shù)名詞；virtue的主要意思是“美德，品德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，主要從事物的品質(zhì)或價(jià)值的角度講優(yōu)點(diǎn)。例：I said we c

15、ould see certain advantages in a change. 我是說(shuō)我們可以在改變中看到其優(yōu)勢(shì)。He knew the merit of his work. 他了解他的工作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。One of his virtues is that he never gets angry. 他的美德之一就是他從不生氣。（12）affair n. /event n. /incident n. affair的意思是“有關(guān)的事，事務(wù)，活動(dòng)等”，如foreign affairs（外事），也常指婚外戀；event指“每日里發(fā)生的事件，事或活動(dòng)，比賽項(xiàng)目”；incident同event意思相近，指“事

16、件，事”，尤指較重大的、有影響的政治事件等。例：They have no right to interfere in the domestic affairs of Iran. 他們無(wú)權(quán)干涉伊朗的內(nèi)政。The affair remained a complete mystery. 那件事至今還是個(gè)謎。The important event of the week was the big storm. 那一周中的大事就是那場(chǎng)大暴風(fēng)雪。Coming events in the village include a dance-show and a treat for the school child

17、ren. 村里即將發(fā)生的大事，就是招待學(xué)校的孩子們和舞蹈表演。Our team won the silver medal in this event. 我們隊(duì)獲得該項(xiàng)目的銀牌。On the very day before I left, an incident occurred.事件就發(fā)生在我要離開的當(dāng)天。There were several incidents on the frontier between the two nations in the 50s. 50年代兩國(guó)邊境發(fā)生了許多大事。（13）afford v. /offer v. /provide v. afford的意思是“有條

18、件擔(dān)負(fù)，支付得起”；offer的意思是“給予，提出，出價(jià)”；provide的意思是“提供，供給，為做準(zhǔn)備”，常與for, with一起連用。例：John cant afford to give so much time to it. 約翰花不起這么多時(shí)間來(lái)做這件事。I dont think well be able to afford any travel any more. 我想我們沒(méi)錢再旅行了。They were friendly and even offered assistance. 他們很友好，甚至表示愿意幫助我們。Mrs. Baines offered no comment on

19、Susans situation. 貝恩太太對(duì)蘇珊的處境未做任何評(píng)論。On Sundays his landlord provided dinner as well as breakfast. 周日，他的房東為他既提供早餐又提供晚餐。He provided for his family by working in a factory。他靠在工廠做工來(lái)養(yǎng)家。We must provide for the future. 我們必須為將來(lái)做好準(zhǔn)備。（14）alarm n.&v. /warn n.&v. alarm的意思是“提醒，警告”，有使警覺，使做好準(zhǔn)備的意思；warn的意思主要指“警告，告誡”，

20、有事先告訴可能發(fā)生的事，警告說(shuō)的意思。例：There were several alarms during the night but no actual air raid actually took place. 當(dāng)夜，空襲警報(bào)拉響了數(shù)次，但并沒(méi)有飛機(jī)來(lái)襲。He warned us that the road was icy. 他警告我們說(shuō)道路很滑。（15）alike a.&adv. / identical a. 這兩個(gè)詞都有長(zhǎng)得一樣，長(zhǎng)得像的意思。alike是副詞也是形容詞，只做表語(yǔ)用；identical是形容詞，意思是“同一個(gè)，完全相同”，除了作表語(yǔ)，也可以在名詞前做定語(yǔ)，可用于詞組be

21、 identical with。例：My brother and I are exactly alike. 我兄弟和我長(zhǎng)得一模一樣。Its the identical coat which was stolen from my wife. 這就是我妻子丟失的那件上衣。Your pen is identical with mine. 你這支鋼筆和我那支完全一樣。（16）area n. /region n. /zone n. /district n. area通常用于面積可測(cè)量或計(jì)算的地區(qū)，界限明確，但不指行政區(qū)劃。如：60 years ago, half French people were s

22、till living in the rural area. region常指地理上有天然界限或具有某種特色（如氣候、自然條件）自成一個(gè)單位的地區(qū)。如：the Arctic regions北極地區(qū)。另外region也指較大的行政單位。如：Xinjiang Autonomous Region. zone通常指地理上的“（地）帶”，尤指圖表上的環(huán)形地帶。如：refugees from the war zone從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)地區(qū)來(lái)的難民。district指行政劃分的區(qū)，比region小，通常指市鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的一區(qū)。如：Hai dian district海淀區(qū)（17）alive a. /live a. /vivid

23、a. /lively a. alive指“活著的，處于工作狀態(tài)的”的意思，和dead反義，常作表語(yǔ)。live指“有生命的”，即having life，“正處于工作狀態(tài)”的意思。vivid指人的表情、故事等“生動(dòng)”、“逼真”、“活潑”等。lively指人及生物等充滿生機(jī)和活力，即“活潑的”、“充滿生氣的”。（18）affect v. /influence v. 這兩個(gè)詞都有“影響”的意思。1）affect vt. 作“影響”講時(shí)可分三種情況： 直接的、有形的力量作用于某事物或事件并使之發(fā)生變化。例：They try to affect the size of a crop by using fe

24、rtilizer. 他們施肥料以使莊稼長(zhǎng)大。 用于表示對(duì)某事物或事產(chǎn)生不好的影響。例：Exposure to intense light affects ones eyes adversely. 暴露在強(qiáng)光之下會(huì)損害眼睛。 指對(duì)另外一個(gè)人感情上的影響，感染，感動(dòng)。例：Music affects some people very strongly. 音樂(lè)對(duì)一些人有強(qiáng)烈的感染力。He was much affected at the sad sight. 他深為這一悲傷的情景所感動(dòng)。2）influence通常指“不易覺察到的、潛移默化的影響”，往往是間接的，通過(guò)說(shuō)服或以實(shí)際行動(dòng)樹立榜樣而對(duì)他人產(chǎn)生

25、影響。例：He was influenced by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine. 他受到一位中學(xué)教師的影響而學(xué)了醫(yī)。（19）allowance n. /tuition n. allowance 的意思是“生活費(fèi)，補(bǔ)貼”；tuition的意思是“學(xué)費(fèi)”。例：They gave her a small allowance but didnt pretend to like her work. 他們給她一小筆生活費(fèi)，但對(duì)她的工作卻不甚滿意。At this school the tuition is free，but

26、 you have to pay for the books you need. 這所學(xué)校免收學(xué)費(fèi)，但書費(fèi)要你自己負(fù)擔(dān)。（20）amaze v. /amuse v. 這兩個(gè)詞詞形相近，容易混。amaze的意思是“使驚愕，使驚訝”；amuse的意思是“使開心，使高興”。這兩個(gè)詞用于被動(dòng)式時(shí)，后而都接介詞at (be amazed/amused at sth.)。例：She was amazed at the mans sympathy with life. 這個(gè)男人對(duì)生命的同情態(tài)度讓她感到很驚訝。A clowns job is to amuse the spectators. 馬戲團(tuán)小丑的工作就

27、是逗觀眾開心。（21）announce v. /declare v. /claim v. announce的意思是“通知，宣布（結(jié)果，決定等）”；declare的意思是“宣布（公告，法律等），聲明”；claim意為“聲稱，要求得到，認(rèn)領(lǐng)”。例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song. 她宣布歌手將再加唱一首歌。The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations. 中美雙方宣布了雙邊外交關(guān)系的正?；?。They

28、 declared martial law in the mining communities. 他們宣布對(duì)礦區(qū)實(shí)行軍事管制。If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?請(qǐng)這部相機(jī)的失主前來(lái)認(rèn)領(lǐng)。She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!她聲稱自己的鋼琴?gòu)椀门cThemelis一樣棒。（22）annoyed a. /upset a. annoyed的意思是“不快的，惱火的”（比angry的程度要低），從生氣的角度講不高興；upset的意

29、思是“不高興，難過(guò)，不舒服”，從感到別扭的角度講不高興。例：She was annoyed at your saying that. 你這么說(shuō)讓她很不自在。Ill be quite upset now, if you dont come. 如果你不來(lái)，我會(huì)很不安的。（23）apparatus n. /instrument n. /device n. /appliance n. apparatus主要指“器械，裝置，儀器，器官”；instrument主要指“儀器，工具，樂(lè)器”；device指“器具，裝置，儀表，手段”；appliance指“器具，器械，家用電器等”。例：The televisio

30、n men set up their apparatus, ready to film. 攝制組的人架好機(jī)器準(zhǔn)備開拍。All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use. 手術(shù)前，所有手術(shù)器械必須消毒。The television receiver is an electronic device. 電視接收機(jī)是一種電子設(shè)備。The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances. 廚房裝備了現(xiàn)代化的炊事用具。（24）appoint v. /assign v. appoint的意思是“任命，指派，委任

31、”，后多跟職位一類的名詞；assign的相關(guān)意思是“分配，分派，指定”，后多跟具體的工作。例：They appointed him Minister of Education. 他們?nèi)蚊麨榻逃块L(zhǎng)。She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee. 她被任命為委員會(huì)的主席。The problem was assigned to a commission. 這項(xiàng)任務(wù)交給了一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)去處理。I assign you to wash the dishes. 我分配你去洗盤子。（25）approach n. /method n. 這兩個(gè)

32、詞都可以表示方法。approach常指“針對(duì)某一問(wèn)題的解決處理方法”，后跟介詞to；method泛指“任何方法”，適用范圍比approach要廣，后常跟介詞of。例：There is no very easy approach to mathematics. 數(shù)學(xué)研究上沒(méi)有什么捷徑。It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening. 很奇怪，他們?cè)趺磿?huì)選擇這種方式來(lái)打發(fā)這個(gè)晚上。（26）approve v. /permit v. /admit v. approve指較正式地對(duì)某種事情表示認(rèn)可、

33、贊同或批準(zhǔn)；permit指允許、不禁止某人干某事；admit指容納，允許進(jìn)入，承認(rèn)。例：The mayoress approved the new building plans.女市長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計(jì)劃。She wont permit dogs in the house. 她不準(zhǔn)許家中有狗。He was admitted to the commission. 他被該委員會(huì)接納。（27）arise v. /arouse v. arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”；arouse是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“引起，激起，喚起”。例：A democratic movement has arisen. 一

34、場(chǎng)民主運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我們把他從睡夢(mèng)中喚醒。（28）assemble v. /resemble v. 這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，assemble意為“集中，集合，裝配”；resemble意為“相像”。例：People began to assemble on the platform. 人們開始向月臺(tái)聚集。In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes. 在那家工廠，工人們不到15分種就裝配好一部汽車。Smith resembles his fat

35、her very much in all his ways. 史密斯各方面都象他的父親。（29）assure v. /ensure v. /insure v. /reassure v. assure和ensure都有“保證，確?！敝?。assure指十分肯定地向某人保證某事一定要發(fā)生，使其放心，因此后面往往跟人做賓語(yǔ)。ensure則強(qiáng)調(diào)能保證某種行為或某事件的結(jié)果一定發(fā)生。insure特指保險(xiǎn)，替做保險(xiǎn)；reassure意為“使人放心，使人安心，再向保證”。例：I assure you of the reliability of the information. 我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。

36、Ensure that it is written into your contract. 你得保證把這一點(diǎn)寫到合同中去。Is your house insured against fire?你的房子做了防火保險(xiǎn)了嗎？ The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her. 這名婦女擔(dān)心服用阿司匹林會(huì)帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)，她的醫(yī)生讓她放心，不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)的。（30）assess v. /access n. 這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音很相近，容易搞混。assess是動(dòng)詞，意為“評(píng)估，估價(jià)”；acc

37、ess是名詞，意為“通路，能接近或使用”，后常跟介詞to。例：The value of the property has been assessed at $70,000. 這處房產(chǎn)的估價(jià)為7萬(wàn)美元。They sent someone to assess the value of the factory. 他們派人去評(píng)估那家工廠的價(jià)值。The only access to the building is along the muddy track. 通往那座建筑物的惟一通道就是這條泥濘的小路。Only senior students have the access to this readin

38、g room. 只有高年級(jí)的同學(xué)才能進(jìn)這間閱覽室。（31）attach v. /stick v. attach的主要意思是“附加，附著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)附加；stick的主要意思是“粘貼，貼附于，緊貼著，固定”，強(qiáng)調(diào)緊密。例：Wires are then attached to the ends of the electrodes. 然后將導(dǎo)線接到電極的一端。There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem attached. 每人都有一份禮物，每份禮物都附有一首得體的小詩(shī)。Just stick 2 stamps on

39、the envelope. 在信封上貼上兩張郵票。He stuck a rose in his buttonhole. 他在扣眼里插了一枝玫瑰。（32）attribute to/owe to/due toattribute to意為“歸因于，認(rèn)為是的結(jié)果”；owe to意為“應(yīng)歸功于”；due to意為“由于，因造成，歸功于”，常用作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例：Mr. Dolittle attributes his good health to careful living. 杜德先生把自己的健康體魄歸功于審慎的生活方式。If I have improved in any way, I owe it al

40、l to you. 如果我有所進(jìn)步的話，那應(yīng)該歸功于你。His absence was due to the storm. 由于風(fēng)暴他未能出席。He failed due to carelessness. 他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。（33）wake v. /awake v.&a. /waken v. /awaken v. wake為動(dòng)詞，意思是“叫醒，醒來(lái)，喚醒”；awake意為“醒來(lái)，叫醒”，作形容詞時(shí)意為“醒著”；waken是動(dòng)詞，意為“叫醒，鬧醒”；awaken是動(dòng)詞，意為“叫醒”，多用于引申意義“覺醒，引起”。這四個(gè)詞中最常用的是wake，尤其在口語(yǔ)中；awake和awaken多用其引申

41、意義；awake常用作不及物動(dòng)詞；awaken/waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞。例：My brother wakes at seven each morning. 我弟弟每天早上7點(diǎn)鐘醒來(lái)。This at once awakened suspicion. 這馬上引起了大家的懷疑。When he awoke Joseph was beside him.當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)，約瑟夫就在他身邊。The national spirit awoke. 民族精神覺醒了。She gently wakened the sleeping child. 她輕輕地叫醒熟睡的孩子。（34）award v.&n. /prize v.&

42、n. award作動(dòng)詞意為“發(fā)給獎(jiǎng)品等”，作名詞意為“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金等”；prize作動(dòng)詞意為“珍視”，作名詞意為“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金”，也可以指“寶貴的物或人”，prize還可以作形容詞，意為“獲獎(jiǎng)的”。例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. 奧林匹克冠軍獲得了金牌的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。They awarded him the Nobel prize. 他們?yōu)樗C發(fā)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。Prizes will be given for the three best stories. 三部最佳作品將獲獎(jiǎng)。Jane soon became popular for

43、 a prize rose. 簡(jiǎn)因那枝獲獎(jiǎng)玫瑰而遠(yuǎn)近聞名。As a secretary she was a prize. 她真是一個(gè)不可多得的秘書。（35）aware a. /notice v.&n. aware意為“意識(shí)到的，認(rèn)識(shí)到的”，常用詞組be aware of；notice意為“注意到，察覺到”，notice還可以作名詞，意為“通知，注意”。例：She was not aware of his presence till he spoke to her. 直到他跟她講話她才注意到他的存在。She is politically aware. 她很有政治頭腦。Did you notice

44、 anything else peculiar?你有沒(méi)有注意到任何特別的東西？They sent me a notice. 他們給我發(fā)了一個(gè)通知。（36）behave v. /conduct v. /act v. behave指人的行為、舉止和表現(xiàn)。本為不及物動(dòng)詞，但用作此義時(shí)可與反身代詞連用；conduct與behave在作“行為”、“舉止”講時(shí)同義，但強(qiáng)調(diào)自我控制、約束；act作“行為”、“舉止”講時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不能和反身代詞連用。例：The child behaved (himself)badly at the party.那孩子在聚會(huì)上的表現(xiàn)很差。She conducted her

45、self stoically in her time of grief.她悲傷時(shí)，表現(xiàn)出奇的冷靜。She acts like a born leader.她的舉止象個(gè)天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。（37）blame v. /scold v. blame的意思是“責(zé)備，怪罪，埋怨”；scold的意思是“（厲聲）責(zé)罵，斥責(zé)”。例：I dont blame you, I blame myself. 我不怪你，我怪我自己。He blamed his failure on his teacher. 他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。Her father scolded her for being too free with

46、the soldiers. 她父親斥責(zé)她與這些兵交往太隨便。（38）breed v. /feed v. breed意為“養(yǎng)殖，培育，繁殖，教養(yǎng)”；feed意為“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”。例：Some animals will not breed when kept in cages. 有些動(dòng)物關(guān)在籠子里就會(huì)很難繁殖。Many farmers breed cows and sheep. 許多農(nóng)民養(yǎng)牛和羊。She was feeding the baby with porridge. 她正用粥喂自己的寶寶。The cows were feeding quietly in the meadows. 牛群在草地上

47、靜靜地吃草。（39）burden n. /load n. burden意為“負(fù)擔(dān)，包袱，擔(dān)子”，多為貶義；load意為“裝載物，負(fù)荷，工作量”，也可指“思想上的負(fù)擔(dān)，壓力”。例：They dont want to add to the governments burden. 他們不想給政府添包袱。He was faced with the severe financial burden. 他面臨著嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。The bridge has been built to support very heavy load. 建這座橋是為了使重載車也能通過(guò)。The load on her mind g

48、rew lighter. 她的思想負(fù)擔(dān)輕了許多。（40）campaign n. /champion n. 這兩個(gè)詞詞形與發(fā)音相近，容易弄混。campaign意為“（競(jìng)選）運(yùn)動(dòng)，戰(zhàn)役”；champion意為“冠軍”。例：The Germans were defeated in the campaign in North Africa. 德國(guó)人在北非戰(zhàn)役中打了敗仗。The Party suggested a renewed campaign to raise production and practise economy. 該黨建議發(fā)起新的一輪運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)。The champion i

49、ssued a challenge to all other boxers to fight him. 拳擊冠軍向所有其他拳擊手發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)。（41）canal n. /channel n. /tunnel n. canal意為“運(yùn)河等人工開鑿的河流”；channel的意思是“海峽，渠道”，頻道；tunnel的意思是“隧道，地道”。例：The big canal was completed in five years. 修建這條大運(yùn)河花了5年時(shí)間。The English Channel separates France from England. 英吉利海峽將英法兩國(guó)隔開。You should g

50、o through the official channels if you want the government to help. 如果你想得到政府的幫助，你就必須通過(guò)官方渠道。The railroad passes under the mountain through a tunnel. 鐵路經(jīng)隧道從大山下面通過(guò)。（42）candidate n. /applicant n. /competitor n. /representative n. candidate意為“候選人，應(yīng)征者”；applicant意為“申請(qǐng)人”；competitor意為“競(jìng)賽對(duì)手”；representative意為“

51、代表”。例：This time our candidate got 260 votes. 這一次我們的候選人獲得了260張選票。There were three applicants for the job. 這項(xiàng)工作有3個(gè)人申請(qǐng)。Tell the competitors for the next race to come here. 告訴下一項(xiàng)比賽的參賽者到這里來(lái)。James is our representative at the meeting. 詹姆斯在會(huì)上是代表我們的。（43）cargo n. /commodity n. /goods n. cargo一般指“船或飛機(jī)運(yùn)載的貨物”；c

52、ommodity意為“商品”；goods用來(lái)泛指“商品，貨物等”。例：These planes can carry a cargo of six tons. 這些飛機(jī)能運(yùn)載6噸貨物。Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad. 葡萄酒是法國(guó)向海外銷售的許多商品之一。The goods were brought round early this morning.今天一大早，這些貨物就被帶來(lái)。Consumer goods production was to go up by 7 percent. 消費(fèi)品生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃增長(zhǎng)7%。

53、（44）case n. /condition n. /situation n. /occasion n. case常指事物的特定情況，事情真相和始末，如“病例”、“案件”等；condition指某時(shí)某處事情發(fā)展、存在的狀況、狀態(tài)或條件，一個(gè)人的“感覺如何”；situation往往指一組情況或一些情況的綜合，常譯為“情況”、“形勢(shì)”；occasion指特定的“時(shí)機(jī)”、“場(chǎng)合”、“良機(jī)”。例：All the people involved in this case must be present.所有與這起案件有關(guān)的人都必須到場(chǎng)。Conditions in the office made conc

54、entration impossible.辦公室的狀況根本不可能使人專心。The current international situation is not optimistic.目前的國(guó)際形勢(shì)不容樂(lè)觀。It is not very suitable to sing such a song on this formal occasion.在這種場(chǎng)合唱這樣一首歌是不太合適的。（45）chance n. /opportunity n. /advantage n. /fortune n. chance著重指偶然或意外的可能，有時(shí)也指“好機(jī)會(huì)”，這時(shí)可用“opportunity”替代；opportu

55、nity著重指“好機(jī)會(huì)”，帶有“適逢其時(shí)、正好便于行事”之意；advantage指有利的條件或優(yōu)勢(shì)；fortune指人“交好運(yùn)氣”，有一定迷信的色彩。例：There is a chance that I will see him these days.這幾天我有可能見到他。The 2008 Olympic Games will bring us many opportunities and challenges.2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)將給我們帶來(lái)許多機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。It is to your advantage to invest wisely.明智地投資對(duì)你很有利。It is also believe

56、d that fireworks will bring good fortune in the coming year.據(jù)說(shuō)放鞭炮還能為人們?cè)谛碌囊荒昀飵?lái)好運(yùn)氣。（46）contest n. /match n. /game n. /play n. /competition n. contest指“人與人之間進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)奪以取得優(yōu)勝”之意；match指對(duì)手之間進(jìn)行的比賽、競(jìng)賽等力量或智慧較量，通常指具體的比賽；game指決勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則；美國(guó)稱比賽為game，英國(guó)稱比賽為match；play最一般用語(yǔ)，指通過(guò)游戲或運(yùn)動(dòng)達(dá)到娛樂(lè)目的文體活動(dòng)；competition指對(duì)手之間以某種手段或智慧

57、、力量等壓倒對(duì)方而取勝。例：She got the first prize in a recent beauty contest. 她在最近的選美比賽中奪冠。A critical football match is being transmitted on CCTV 5.中央五套正在轉(zhuǎn)播一場(chǎng)關(guān)鍵的足球比賽。The team is preparing for taking part in the coming winter games.這支隊(duì)伍正在為即將舉行的冬運(yùn)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。The school uses some methods which combine language lessens with the play.這所學(xué)校采用了某些